CN101568419B - 层合体的制造装置及制造方法 - Google Patents

层合体的制造装置及制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101568419B
CN101568419B CN2008800012919A CN200880001291A CN101568419B CN 101568419 B CN101568419 B CN 101568419B CN 2008800012919 A CN2008800012919 A CN 2008800012919A CN 200880001291 A CN200880001291 A CN 200880001291A CN 101568419 B CN101568419 B CN 101568419B
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China
Prior art keywords
pressure head
lamilated body
anchor clamps
plate
precursor
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2008800012919A
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CN101568419A (zh
Inventor
筱田知行
长冈悟
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36—Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/021—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/18—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools
    • B29C65/24—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using heated tools characterised by the means for heating the tool
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B29C66/21—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint lines, e.g. of the weld lines said joint lines being formed by a single dot or dash or by several dots or dashes, i.e. spot joining or spot welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
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    • B29C66/45—Joining of substantially the whole surface of the articles
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81451—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being adaptable to the surface of the joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/81463—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps comprising a plurality of single pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of sonotrodes, or comprising a plurality of single counter-pressing elements, e.g. a plurality of anvils, said plurality of said single elements being suitable for making a single joint
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
    • B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/816—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
    • B29C66/8161—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the mounting of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps said pressing elements being supported or backed-up by springs or by resilient material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
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    • B29C66/824—Actuating mechanisms
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/83—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof characterised by the movement of the joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/832—Reciprocating joining or pressing tools
    • B29C66/8322—Joining or pressing tools reciprocating along one axis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/0076—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised in that the layers are not bonded on the totality of their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/021—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface
    • B29C2043/023—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles characterised by the shape of the surface having a plurality of grooves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2043/3621—Forming elements, e.g. mandrels or rams or stampers or pistons or plungers or punching devices a plurality of individual elements acting on the material in the same or diferent directions, e.g. making tubular T-joints, profiles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/8182—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the cooling constructional aspects, or by the thermal or electrical insulating or conducting constructional aspects of the welding jaws or of the clamps ; comprising means for compensating for the thermal expansion of the welding jaws or of the clamps characterised by the thermal insulating constructional aspects
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    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9141—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
    • B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
    • B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
    • B29C70/22—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure
    • B29C70/226—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two dimensional structure the structure comprising mainly parallel filaments interconnected by a small number of cross threads
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/42—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C70/46—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs
    • B29C70/48—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum
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    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
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Abstract

本发明提供一种在采用RTM成形法或真空RTM成形法制造复合材料时使用的增强纤维基材的层合体的制造装置，所述制造装置具有粘合装置，所述粘合装置将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间通过所述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体，形成层合体，所述粘合装置具有相互对置配置的压头夹具和平板夹具，所述压头夹具具有压头板和多个压头，所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具中的至少一个具有升降功能，同时所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具中的至少一个具有加热功能，通过所述层合体的制造装置可以连续地制造操作性及赋形性优异的层合体。

Description

层合体的制造装置及制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及制造强化纤维塑料时使用的、由增强纤维基材构成的层合体的制造装置及制造方法，所述增强纤维塑料是利用RTM(树脂传递模塑成形法(Resin Transfer Molding))法或RFI(树脂膜熔渗法(Resin Film Infusion))法等、通过在由不含浸基质树脂的增强纤维基材构成的层合体中注入·含浸基质树脂而成形得到的。 
背景技术
使用碳纤维或玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维作为增强纤维的CFRP或GFRP等FRP轻质且具有高持久性，因此是作为构成汽车及航空器等的各种构成部件的理想材料。 
作为上述CFRP及GFRP的成形方法，常用的例如有高压釜成形法，即，将由增强纤维和高韧性的环氧树脂构成的预浸料坯片材层合的层合体，采用高压釜成形(高压釜)加压及加热使其固化的方法。 
但是，通常存在预浸料坯片材难以成形为复杂的三维形状的问题。另外，现状是由于材料费及成形时间耗费过多导致成本提高，所以现有的使用预浸料坯的高压釜成形难以扩大适用用途。 
因此，近年来作为得到CFRP的方法，与现有的使用预浸料坯的高压釜成形法相比较便宜且可缩短成形时间的树脂传递模塑成形法(以下称为“树脂传递模塑”或“RTM”)成形法及利用真空压力注入、含浸基质树脂的真空RTM成形法等开始被人关注。 
上述成形法是将不含浸基质树脂的、干燥的增强纤维基材多层层合，将所得层合体配置在成形模中，向其中注入低粘度的液态基质树脂，由此将基质树脂含浸于增强纤维基材中，之后利用烘箱等 进行加热，从而使基质树脂固化，成形为复合材料。如上所述由于RTM成形法中使用干燥的基材，所以可以将由增强纤维基材构成的层合体按照复杂的三维形状进行赋形。 
但是，采用上述方法进行赋形时，如果将每一张增强纤维基材层合进行赋形则需花费大量时间，所以要求预先基于规定的层合构成将增强纤维基材层合，再将所得的层合体配置于赋形模中进行赋形。为了将层合体配置于赋形模中，要求构成层合体的增强纤维基材之间在层间进行一体化。如果不进行一体化，则即使在层合时控制层合角度、层合位置来进行层合，也可能在将层合体配置于赋形模时等进行移动时，增强纤维基材的层合角度、层合位置产生错位。特别是在增强纤维被单向排列的单向增强纤维基材中，由于层合角度显著影响增强纤维塑料的特性，所以控制层合角度极其重要。 
另外，根据增强纤维塑料制结构构件的最佳设计有时也在同一构件内使增强纤维基材的层合张数发生变化。例如，在航空器的机翼等负担主要负荷的机翼根部层合张数多所以厚，而在机翼前端层合张数少所以薄。如上所述减少层合张数通常被称作铺层递减(plydrop)。在如上所述设置铺层递减的结构构件中，为了确定增强纤维基材进行铺层递减的位置，层合体中的增强纤维基材的层合位置也成为极其重要的事项。 
由于预浸料坯含浸基质树脂，所以预浸料坯之间利用基质树脂的粘合性进行粘合成为一体。因此，没有在搬运中等对预浸料坯的层合体中层合角度或层合位置产生错位等的顾虑。但是，相反地由于在预浸料坯的整个面中预浸料坯的层间粘合成为一体，所以产生如上所述的以复杂形状成形时出现折皱等问题。 
另一方面，在未含浸基质树脂的干燥的增强纤维基材的层合体中，例如专利文献1所示，在增强纤维基材的表面配置聚醚胺、丁腈橡胶等树脂材料，通过该树脂材料将增强纤维基材的层间粘合成为一体。但是，专利文献1中未公开在增强纤维基材的层合体中的层间粘合状态，在干燥的增强纤维基材的层合体中，在增强纤维基 材的整个面上层间粘合成为一体时，与预浸料坯层合体同样会出现难以赋形为复杂形状的问题，不能有效地利用因为不含浸基质树脂而具有的良好赋形性。 
另一方面，在专利文献2中公开了：在增强纤维片材的至少一面，玻璃化温度Tg为0～95℃的粘合树脂在基材的整个面以点状、线状或不连续线状附着，通过所述粘合树脂将增强纤维基材粘合，使增强纤维基材成为一体。即，专利文献2中，记载了层合体的粘合条件，即温度为Tg～(Tg+50℃)的范围内，压力为0.1MPa以下且时间为3小时以内，并且作出如下说明：通过在该条件下使其粘合，在全部增强纤维基材中粘合树脂适当地熔融，增强纤维基材之间的粘合强度因情况不同产生的差异也小。但是，该文献中记载的技术也存在下述问题，即由于在增强纤维基材的整个面的层间进行粘合成为一体，所以与预浸料坯的层合体同样难以赋形为复杂形状，不能发挥因为不含浸基质树脂而具有的良好赋形性。 
在专利文献3中还公开了下述方法：为了接合增强纤维基材的层间，将安装于压力机中的具有可以热粘接为格子状的压接部的压接用夹具配置于增强纤维基材的层合体上，在80℃的加热气氛下，加热层合体，同时加压一定时间。但是，在该文献中未记载控制各压接部压力的方法。因此，粘合用于如航空器用构件等大型构件的大型层合体时，使全部的压接部位的压力均一并且将该压力维持一定时间极其困难。 
此外，在专利文献3中记载了在全部层合体中增强纤维基材的层合构成(层合张数等)相同、层合体的厚度实质上一定的方案，但有时即使是一个构件，也有增强纤维基材的层合构成因部位而不同、层合体的厚度因部位而不同的情况。层合体的厚度因部位而不同时，如专利文献3的图5中所示，使用在一个板上完全地固定有多个压头的压接用夹具进行压接时，层合体厚的部分与压头接触，层合体薄的部分难以与压头接触，难以以均匀的压力对整个层合体进行加压，结果容易产生不能均匀粘合的问题。压力过高时，该部 位的层间粘合变得牢固，可能会导致赋形时产生折皱等不良情况。另一方面，压力过弱时，该部位的层间粘合减弱，至赋形为止的操作过程中层间发生剥离，存在操作性变差等不良情况。因此，还需要具有各压头能独立地控制压力的结构的压接用夹具。 
也就是说，人们期待一种新的层间粘合一体化技术，这种技术可以提高未含浸基质树脂的干燥增强纤维基材的层合体的处理性，在一次性赋形为规定形状时可以表现出良好的赋形性，人们还期待一种制造所述层合体的制造装置，但目前仍未实现。 
专利文献1：特开平8-300395号公报 
专利文献2：特开2004-114586号公报 
专利文献3：特开2006-103305号公报。 
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种层合体的制造装置，所述层合体为采用RTM成形法或真空RTM成形法制造复合材料时适合使用的增强纤维基材的层合体，通过将层合有2张以上增强纤维基材的层间部分地粘合成为一体，能够制造操作性及赋形性优异的层合体。 
为了解决上述课题，本发明采用如下所述的方法。 
(1)一种层合体的制造装置，所述制造装置具有粘合装置，所述粘合装置将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间通过上述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体，形成层合体，上述粘合装置具有相互对置配置的压头夹具和平板夹具，上述压头夹具有压头板和多个压头，上述压头夹具和上述平板夹具中的至少一个具有升降功能，同时上述压头夹具和上述平板夹具中的至少一个具有加热功能。 
(2)如上述(1)所述的层合体的制造装置，其构成为，上述压头的平板夹具侧前端和上述压头板之间的距离是可变化的。 
(3)如上述(1)或(2)中所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，上述压头通过弹簧被安装于上述压头板上，同时可在该压头的长度 方向上压缩上述弹簧而移动。 
(4)如上述(2)所述的层合体的制造装置，其构成为，上述压头的平板夹具侧前端和上述压头板之间的距离可通过流体压力而发生变化。 
(5)如上述(1)～(4)中任一项所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，上述压头的平板夹具侧前端的形状为圆形。 
(6)如上述(1)～(5)中任一项所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，在具有加热功能的上述压头夹具和平板夹具中的至少一个上设置有传热介质流路用配管。 
(7)如上述(1)～(6)中任一项所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，在与上述层合体前体同时夹持具有加热功能的上述压头夹具和上述平板夹具中的至少一个的位置安装绝热材料。 
(8)如上述(1)～(7)中任一项所述的层合体的制造装置，所述制造装置具有使层合体移动的移动装置，上述移动装置在从所述层合体的厚度方向的上下方夹住并抓持该层合体的状态下在该层合体的长度方向上平行移动，由此将该层合体从上述粘合装置中运出，同时将与被运出的上述层合体中使用的层合体前体不同的另外的层合体前体供给至上述粘合装置中。 
(9)如上述(8)所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，所述粘合装置及所述移动装置通过气缸来驱动。 
(10)一种层合体的制造方法，将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间经过至少下述(a)、(b)工序通过上述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体， 
(a)在平板夹具和压头夹具之间配置上述层合体前体的配置工序，所述压头夹具的构成为，具有压头板及多个压头，且该压头的平板夹具侧前端和上述压头板之间的距离是可变化的； 
(b)加压加热工序：降低上述压头夹具及/或升高上述平板夹具，将所述层合体前体用上述压头夹具和上述平板夹具夹持，利用上述压头对上述层合体前体进行部分加压，同时对上述层合体前体中至 少加压的部分进行加热。 
(11)如上述(10)所述的层合体的制造方法，在上述(a)工序中，在压头夹具和平板夹具之间配置上述层合体前体，该压头夹具中的压头通过弹簧被安装在压头板上；在上述(b)工序中，降低上述压头夹具及/或升高上述平板夹具，控制上述弹簧的压缩长度及上述压头对层合体前体加压的压力。 
(12)上述(10)所述的层合体的制造方法，其中，在上述(a)工序中，在压头夹具和平板夹具之间配置上述层合体前体，该压头夹具的构成为，压头的平板夹具侧前端和上述压头板之间的距离可通过流体压力发生变化；在上述(b)工序中，降低上述压头夹具及/或升高上述平板夹具，控制上述流体压力及上述压头对层合体前体加压的压力。 
根据本发明，能够将2张以上未含浸基质树脂的、表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材层合的层合体前体在所希望的压力下更均匀地加压，由此得到的层合体呈现良好的操作性，并且以规定的形状成形时也呈现出良好的赋形性。通过在所述层合体中注入·含浸基质树脂进行赋形，可以防止产生折皱，并且可以制造复杂形状的增强纤维塑料。另外，根据本发明，可以自动且连续地制造所述层合体，因此可以实现短时间化及低成本化。 
附图说明
[图1]是表示本发明中使用的表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材的简图。 
[图2]表示本发明层合体制造装置的一例。 
[图3]表示本发明层合体制造装置中使用的压头安装于压头板的结构的一例。 
[图4]表示本发明层合体制造装置中使用的压头对层合体前体进行加压的状态的一例。 
[图5]表示本发明层合体制造装置中使用的压头对具有厚度变化 的层合体前体进行加压的状态的一例。 
[图6]表示本发明层合体制造装置中使用的压头夹具的一例。 
[图7]表示本发明层合体制造装置中使用的压头夹具的一例。 
[图8]是表示实施例2中的层合体前体的结构图。 
符号说明 
1：增强纤维基材 
2：增强纤维 
3：作为辅助丝的纵丝 
4：作为辅助丝的横丝 
5：树脂材料 
6：层合体的制造装置 
7：粘合装置 
8：移动装置 
9：层合体前体 
10：压头夹具 
11：平板夹具 
12：气缸 
13：压头夹具的升降方向 
14：传热介质流路用配管 
15：压头 
16：压头板 
17：上方紧固夹具 
18：下方紧固夹具 
19：层合体 
20：气缸 
21：上方紧固夹具的升降方向 
22：气缸 
23：下方紧固夹具的移动方向 
24：凹口 
25：贯通孔 
26：弹簧 
27：压头前端 
28：压头的凸缘 
29a：上部压头板 
29b：下部压头板 
30：阶差 
具体实施方式
以下，一边参照附图一边说明本发明的由增强纤维基材构成的层合体的制造装置的优选方案。需要说明的是，本发明不限于附图中所记载的发明。 
首先，图1表示本发明中使用的表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材的一例。图1所示的增强纤维基材1是在由增强纤维2和作为辅助丝的纵丝3及横丝4构成的基材的表面粘合树脂材料5而成为一体。 
接下来，图2表示本发明的层合体的制造装置的一例。图2中所示的层合体的制造装置6由粘合装置7和移动装置8等构成，所述粘合装置7是将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体9的层间通过上述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体的装置，所述移动装置8是使上述层合体移动的装置。 
粘合装置7的结构如下：主要由相互对置配置的压头夹具10和平板夹具11构成，压头夹具10和平板夹具11分别配置于部分粘合前的层合体前体9的上下侧。粘合装置7中设置有气缸12，该气缸具有可以沿着箭头13的方向升降压头夹具10的功能。进而在压头夹具10及平板夹具11中，设置有传热介质流路用配管14，该装置具有通过模温度调节器(图中未示出)使加热后的传热介质流入传热介质流路用配管14、由此加热压头夹具10及平板夹具11的功能。进而压头夹具10由压头板16和多个压头15构成，多个压头15在 层合体前体9的长度及宽度方向上规则地排列。图2中表示多个压头15在层合体的长度方向上规则排列的状态。 
需要说明的是，代替沿箭头13的方向升降压头夹具10的功能，也可以设置沿相同方向升降平板夹具11的功能，还可以将压头夹具10及平板夹具11二者均设置具有升降功能。另外，代替加热压头夹具10及平板夹具11两者的功能，也可以是只加热其中任一个的功能。 
本发明的层合体的制造装置中，如图3所示，优选形成压头15的平板夹具侧前端27和压头板16之间的距离X为可变化的结构。具体而言，优选通过具有弹簧常数k的弹簧26将压头15安装于压头板16上。 
在图3所示的方案中，压头板16由上部压头板29a及下部压头板29b构成，在下部压头板29b中设置有贯通孔25。另外，在各个压头15中设置有凹口24，上述凹口24中分别设置有弹簧26。设置有弹簧的压头15嵌入压头板16的贯通孔25中，上述弹簧26被按压在上部压头板29a上，并沿压头的长度方向收缩。此时优选在弹簧26比自然长度压缩一定长度ΔL0的状态下安装各个压头15。通过在弹簧26被压缩状态下安装压头15，形成弹簧26以负荷ΔF＝k×ΔL0向下按压压头15的状态，因此降低压头夹具10通过压头15对层合体前体9加压时，在压头15与层合体前体9接触的瞬间即可以开始加压。 
弹簧常数k优选为0.05N/mm以上、50N/mm以下。这是由于弹簧常数k小于0.05N/mm时，有时压头不能以充分的压力加热层合体前体9，另一方面，弹簧常数k大于50N/mm时，有时弹簧的外径变得过大，在压头板的一定面积内可设置的压头数受到限制，数量少。 
需要说明的是，在图3所示的方案中，也可以形成如下结构，即：通过压缩空气或水、油等的流体压力来代替弹簧26，使压头15的平板夹具侧的前端和压头板16之间的距离可变。 
另外，本发明中使用的压头15，优选加压层合体前体9的压头 前端面的最大长度为1mm以上20mm以内。所谓压头前端面的最大长度是指与层合体前体的接触面中的最大长度，如为图6所示的压头夹具10时，压头前端面的最大长度是指直径D。需要说明的是，图6中(a)为侧面图、(b)为平面图。压头前端面的最大长度小于1mm时，有时层合体的层间粘合面积过小，层间粘合易于剥离，层合体前体的操作性被破坏；另一方面，压头前端面的最大长度大于20mm时，有时层合体的层间粘合面积过大，层合体的赋形性被破坏。压头前端面的最大长度较优选为构成增强纤维基材的增强纤维束的宽度H以下(参见图1)。通过使压头前端面的最大长度在上述范围内，可以提高层合体的赋形性。 
因此，本发明的层合体的制造装置中使用的弹簧的弹簧常数还优选根据k＝PS/ΔL进行选定，即，基于通过压头向层合体加压的压力P、如上所述由压头前端面的长度所确定的压头与层合体前体的接触面积S、及通过压头向层合体前体加压时弹簧与自然长度相比收缩时的收缩量ΔL进行选定。 
另外，如图6所示，相邻压头的前端之间(即，相邻压头的前端之间的距离为2点间的最小距离)距离W优选为构成增强纤维基材的1根增强纤维束的宽度H(mm)以上、5H(mm)以下。通过按照上述前端之间的距离配置压头，可以确定在构成层合体的增强纤维基材中相邻增强纤维束相互之间未被粘合、未一体化的范围，因此在层合体前体的层间部分地粘合成为一体化的层合体中，也可以不破坏增强纤维基材自身具有的赋形性、实现良好的赋形性，且可以通过部分粘合提高操作性。 
更具体而言，相邻的压头的前端之间距离W优选3mm以上100mm以下。小于3mm时，部分粘合的间隔过于狭窄、粘合密度过高，结果有时层合体的赋形性被破坏。另一方面，大于100mm时，由于部分粘合的间隔过宽、粘合密度变低、层合体的粘合不充分，所以存在操作性变差的可能性。 
进而，如图6所示，加压层合体前体的压头前端27与层合体前 体的接触面的形状优选为圆形。压头前端27与构成层合体的增强纤维基材相接触实施加压。这是因为，压头前端的形状为圆形时，在层合体的面方向没有锐角的边，所以不易损伤增强纤维，故优选。另一方面，压头前端27的截面形状为四边形或三角形等、在层合体的面方向具有锐角边形状时，可能导致被该锐角边加压的层合体表面的增强纤维产生划痕、层合体的品质变差。需要说明的是，此处所谓的“圆形”表示位于距离某定点的等距离处的点的集合，除此之外，只要通过由集合所围成的图形的重心、与集合上的点相连结的2点间线段的最大值和最小值之差为该最小值的10％以下，则也属于此处所说的圆形(此时，直径D定义为上述最大值和上述最小值的平均值。)。 
本发明中，压头夹具及平板夹具的加热方法没有特别限定，可以采用如图2所示的方法，即在压头夹具及平板夹具内设置传热介质流路用配管，使用模温度调节器等，使温水或加热后的油等传热介质流入该配管内进行加热的方法，除此之外，还可以使用在压头夹具及平板夹具内设置电热丝、使电流流过，由此进行加热的方法等。其中，利用传热介质进行加热时由于温度控制及维持比较容易，故优选。因此，优选在压头夹具及平板夹具中配置传热介质流路用配管、在该配管中安装模温度调节器等传热介质加热装置，通过流入传热介质，来加热压头夹具及平板夹具。 
在压头夹具及平板夹具中优选安装有绝热材料。来自压头夹具及平板夹具的散热剧烈时，对压头的加热控制变得困难，但通过在压头夹具及平板夹具上安装绝热材料，可以抑制压头夹具及平板夹具的散热，可以稳定地进行层合体前体的部分粘合。具体而言，优选在与层合体前体一起夹持具有加热功能的压头夹具及平板夹具的位置设置绝热材料。 
另一方面移动装置8由上方紧固夹具17和下方紧固夹具18构成。在上方紧固夹具17中进一步设置有气缸20，具有可以沿箭头21的方向升降上方紧固夹具17的功能，另外，在移动装置8中设置 有气缸22，具有可以沿箭头23的方向平行移动上方紧固夹具17、下方紧固夹具18的功能。通过上述结构，在上方紧固夹具17和下方紧固夹具18之间配置层合体19时，利用所述上方紧固夹具17和下方紧固夹具18，从厚度方向的上下夹住并抓持该层合体，以抓持状态在该层合体的长度方向上平行移动，运出成为一体的层合体19，同时可以将与该层合体19连续但未被粘合的部分即其他的层合体前体供给于粘合装置。 
粘合装置及移动装置的驱动方法，没有特别限定，通过使用利用压缩空气的气缸，可以不使用电力、设备也简易，且可连续地进行驱动。特别是用气缸使移动装置驱动时，利用上方紧固夹具、下方紧固夹具夹持部分粘合的层合体的夹持力可以通过压缩空气的压力简单地进行控制，故优选。 
需要说明的是，在本发明中也可以设置将粘合装置7在层合体前体9的长度方向及/或宽度方向上移动的结构，代替设置移动装置8之类的移动层合体的结构。通过上述结构，与设置层合体的移动装置相同，可以在层合体的整个面上部分地粘合。 
接下来说明使用上述装置将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间进行部分粘合成为一体从而制造层合体的方法。 
利用上述装置制造层合体时，首先，使加热至规定温度的传热介质流入传热介质流路用配管14，将压头夹具10和平板夹具11加热至规定的温度，在该状态下将部分粘合前的层合体前体9配置于平板夹具11上。此时，压头夹具10位于箭头13的上侧。 
配置层合体前体9之后，使压缩空气作用于气缸12，降低压头夹具10，用压头夹具10和平板夹具11夹持层合体前体9，通过压头15在规定的一定时间内对层合体前体9进行加热及加压，加压处的层合体前体的层间通过上述树脂材料进行粘合成为一体。 
此时使用的装置是压头15通过具有弹簧常数k的弹簧26安装于压头板16上的装置，图4所示，压头夹具10被降下，1个压头 15加压于层合体前体9。图4中表示的是与各个压头15被安装于压头板16的状态相比，将弹簧26进一步压缩长度ΔL1的程度下加压层合体前体9的状态。此时，由于弹簧26在被安装于压头板的状态下已经被压缩了ΔL0，所以弹簧26成为比自然长度压缩了(ΔL0+ΔL1)的状态。因此，弹簧26以F＝k×(ΔL0+ΔL1)的负荷挤压压头15，并以相同负荷加压于层合体前体9。 
此时，加压层合体前体9的压力，为压头15被弹簧26挤压的负荷F除以图3所示的压头15直接加压于层合体前体9时压头前端27的截面积S所得的值P，即P＝F/S。因此，利用压头15加压层合体前体9的压力可以通过控制压头夹具10下降的距离，控制弹簧26的压缩长度来调整。 
进而如图5所示，将具有因层合张数变化导致的厚度变化(阶差30)的层合体前体9进行粘合时，由于弹簧26的压缩长度被逐个调整，所以利用压头15加压的压力在层合体前体9的厚部和薄部因弹簧的压缩长度ΔL之差的程度而不同，但可以一边防止压头倾斜一边进行加压。 
如上所述，通过将多个压头15分别经弹簧26安装于压头板16中，不仅在相同厚度的层合体前体中、而且在具有厚度变化的层合体前体中，均可以防止压头相对于层合体前体产生倾斜，可以良好地进行部分粘合。需要说明的是，可以利用压缩空气或由水、油等产生的流体压力来代替弹簧使压头的平板夹具侧前端和压头板之间的距离为可变，通过形成这种构成也可以实现相同的作用效果。 
利用粘合装置7将层合体前体9的层间部分地粘合后，对气缸12加压，使压头夹具10上升，接下来对气缸20加压，降低上方紧固夹具17，用上方紧固夹具17和下方紧固夹具18夹持部分粘合后的层合体19，然后在夹持的状态下对气缸22加压，使紧固夹具沿箭头23的方向移动，由此将在粘合装置7中层合体前体9的层间部分粘合的层合体19运出，同时在粘合装置7内将与被运出的层合体中使用的层合体前体不同的另外的层合体前体运送到粘合装置中。需要说明的是，此时，通过重复该操作可以连续地将层合体前体9的层间部分粘合。此处，所谓“与运出的层合体中使用的层合体前体不同的另外的层合体前体”，是指与被运出的层合体19中使用的层合体前体不同的新的层合体前体，除此之外还包括构成用于被运出的层合体19的层合体前体的一部分、其大部分未被粘合的部分构成的层合体前体。 
以下，使用实施例和比较例更详细地说明本发明。 
(实施例1) 
<部分粘合前的层合体前体的准备> 
将单纤维数24,000根、宽度5.4mm、拉伸强度5.8GPa、拉伸弹性模量290GPa的碳纤维丝条(增强纤维束)作为纵丝，用实施了精炼加工的17分特的尼龙66长丝对22.5分特的附着有偶联剂的玻璃纤维丝进行包芯(被覆)，将所得的包芯丝作为纵丝的辅助丝，使用实施了精炼加工的17分特的尼龙66长丝作为横丝的辅助丝，制作碳纤维单位面积重量为190g/m2的单向无卷曲碳纤维织物。 
将平均粒径为120μm、含有玻璃化温度为70℃的热塑性树脂的颗粒作为粘合树脂，按每单面13g/m2均匀地散布于该单向无卷曲碳纤维织物的两面，通过加热至200℃，使其附着在织物表面，制作碳纤维基材。 
切断该碳纤维基材，分别得到碳纤维丝条在相对于基材的长度方向为45°方向、0°方向、-45°方向、90°方向上进行取向的增强纤维基材，然后依次层合上述增强纤维基材使碳纤维丝条的取向方向为45°/0°/-45°/90°/-45°/0°/45°，准备层合体前体。需要说明的是，切断碳纤维基材使层合体的尺寸为宽度0.55m、长度6m。 
<层合体制造装置> 
层合体制造装置如图2所示由粘合装置7和移动装置8构成。 
如图7所示，压头夹具的结构如下：压头前端27与层合体前体的接触面的形状为直径1mm的圆形的铝制的压头15，在压头夹具的长度方向和宽度方向上排列，使相邻的压头前端之间的距离为15mm。另外，如图3所示，压头15通过弹簧常数k＝0.1N/mm且被压缩5mm的弹簧安装于铝制的压头板16中。压头的最大冲程(图4中为ΔL1)为3mm。另外，压头板16的宽度为600mm、长度为500mm，共安装有1320个压头15。 
在压头夹具10、平板夹具11中，安装传热介质流路用配管，通过使用温水温度调节器使加热后的温水流入传热介质流路用配管内，可将压头15及平板夹具最高加热至100℃。 
进而在压头夹具10中安装气缸12，由此可以上下地升降压头夹具10。将压头夹具10的下降距离调整为各个压头15的压头前端能够以0.1N/mm2对层合体前体的加压处进行加压的距离。 
另外，在移动装置8中也安装2台气缸20，22，可以升降、平行移动紧固夹具。移动装置8的平行移动距离为500mm。 
气缸的加压输入通过电磁阀来进行，根据电磁阀的开关程序，可以控制粘合装置7、移动装置8的驱动。 
然后制作向气缸12，20，22中输送压缩空气的电磁阀的开关程序，使压头夹具10及上方紧固夹具17、下方紧固夹具18重复下述(1)～(7)。 
(1)使气缸12工作，使压头夹具10下降。 
(2)在降低压头夹具10的状态下维持5分钟。 
(3)使气缸12工作，使压头夹具10上升。 
(4)在上方紧固夹具17上升的状态下，使气缸22工作，使移动装置8移动到图2中的箭头23的右侧(实线部)。 
(5)使气缸20工作，使上方紧固夹具17下降。 
(6)在上方紧固夹具17降低的状态下，使气缸22工作，使移动装置8移动到图2中的箭头23的左侧(虚线部)。 
(7)使气缸20工作，使紧固夹具17上升。 
<利用层合体制造装置的层合体前体的部分粘合> 
使用上述层合体制造装置，如下所述将层合体前体的层间部分粘合。 
首先，利用温水温度调节器，使73℃的温水流入安装在压头夹具及平板夹具上的传热介质流路用配管中，确认能够将全部的压头加热至70±5℃的范围内。 
然后，将层合体前体配置于图2所示的制造装置6的粘合装置7中，使距离层合体前体的长度方向的端部的500mm部分粘合。层合体前体中设有夹持余量，在将层合体前体配置于粘合装置7中的状态下，可以形成移动装置8的上方紧固夹具17、下方紧固夹具18夹持住夹持余量的状态。 
接下来，使气缸12、20、22的电磁阀的开关程序工作。即，利用加热至70±5℃的1320个压头，加热加压层合体前体5分钟，将层合体前体的层间进行部分粘合。部分粘合结束后，采用上方紧固夹具及下方紧固夹具，将部分粘合的长度为500mm的层合体从粘合夹具中运出，同时将部分粘合500mm长度的层合体前体运入粘合装置中，重复进行利用粘合夹具的部分粘合。结果在将层合体前体设置于制造装置中后经过约1小时完成了宽度0.55m、长度6m的层合体前体整体的层间部分粘合。 
<部分粘合的层合体的赋形试验> 
将部分粘合的层合体切断成长度0.5m、宽度0.5m的形状，作为赋形试验用层合体。然后在曲率半径为600mm的具有2次曲率的赋形模上，配置赋形试验用层合体，从其上面用厚度2.5mm的硅橡胶片材覆盖整个赋形试验用层合体，用密封材料密封硅橡胶片材的端部，通过对密封空间内抽真空，对赋形试验用层合体施加大气压、赋形为赋形模。 
对用硅橡胶片材密封的空间内进行抽真空，对已赋形的赋形试验用层合体施加大气压，在此状态下，将其设置于烘箱内，利用烘箱将已赋形的赋形试验用层合体在温度80℃、保持时间2小时的条件下进行加热，制作赋形体(称为预成形体)。 
预成形体利用大气压进行加压、利用烘箱加热，由此使层合体的层间通过粘合树脂全面粘合。进行预成形体外观检查，结果可以确认，未产生折皱等，部分粘合得到的层合体可以呈现良好的赋形性。 
(实施例2) 
切断与实施例1相同的碳纤维基材，分别得到碳纤维丝条在相对于基材的长度方向为45°方向、0°方向、-45°方向、90°方向上进行取向的增强纤维基材，然后依次层合上述增强纤维基材使碳纤维丝条的取向方向为45°/0°/-45°/90°/90°/-45°/0°/45°，准备层合体前体。但是，使碳纤维丝条的取向方向为45°/0°/-45°/90°/90°/-45°/0°/45°而依次层合得到的8张增强纤维基材，宽度一律为0.55mm，长度分别为6.00m、5.99m、5.98m、5.97m、5.96m、5.95m、5.94m、5.93m。另外，将全部增强纤维基材的长度方向的一个端部对齐，进行层合。结果，如图8的剖面图所示，层合体前体的端部形成坡形(称为铺层递减)33。 
接下来，使用与实施例1相同的层合体制造装置，与实施例1同样地进行层合体前体的部分粘合，制作层合体。 
结果，可以确认在层合体的厚部31、薄部32中碳纤维基材间均良好地部分粘合。 
进而，与实施例1同样地实施赋形试验制作预成形体，进行预成形体的外观检查，结果可以确认未产生折皱等，部分粘合的具有阶差形状的层合体可以呈现良好的赋形性。 
(比较例1) 
<利用平板的层合体前体的全面粘合> 
准备总计12台长度500mm、宽度600mm的铝制平板夹具，总长度6m。 
与实施例1同样地准备层合体前体，将该层合体前体置于平台上，进而在层合体前体上将12台平板夹具在层合体的长度方向上排列，利用薄膜袋将层合体前体及配置于层合体前体上的平板夹具一 起覆盖进行密封。然后，通过对密封的内部进行抽真空，利用大气压通过平板夹具加压层合体前体。 
在利用平板夹具加压层合体前体的状态下，将平台、层合体前体、平板夹具置于热风烘箱内，加热烘箱，在温度70℃、保持时间5分钟的条件下对层合体进行加热、加压，完成层合体前体的层间的全面粘合。 
从将层合体前体置于平台上开始至层合体前体的层间全面粘合完成，经过大约4小时。 
<利用平板进行全面粘合的层合体的赋形试验> 
将制作的层合体与实施例1同样地操作赋形为赋形模，制作预成形体。 
预成形体的外观检查的结果，可以确认在预成形体的四角中产生显著的折皱，层间整面粘合得到的层合体的赋形性不充分。 
(比较例2) 
<利用压头夹具的层合体前体的部分粘合> 
准备长度6m、总计12台压头夹具，所述压头夹具在长度500mm、宽度600mm的铝制压头板上将实施例1中使用的压头以在压头板的长度方向及宽度方向上排列的状态与压头板焊接成一体，并且使相邻的压头前端之间的距离为15mm。 
与实施例1同样地准备层合体前体，将该层合体前体置于平台上，进而在层合体前体上在层合体前体的长度方向上排列12台压头夹具，为了使各个压头的压头前端能以0.1N/mm2对层合体前体的加压处进行加压，在各个压头夹具上放置砝码，利用压头夹具加压层合体。 
在利用压头夹具加压层合体前体的状态下，将平台、层合体前体、压头夹具置于热风烘箱内，加热烘箱，在温度70℃、保持时间5分钟的条件下对层合体前体加热、加压，完成部分粘合。 
从将层合体前体置于平台上开始到层合体前体的部分粘合完成，经过大约4小时。 
(比较例3) 
与实施例2同样地准备层合体前体，与比较例2同样地进行层合体前体的部分粘合，制作层合体。 
结果可以确认层合体的厚部31良好地粘合，但薄部32出现未粘合的范围。 
进而为了与实施例1相同地实施赋形试验，将层合体运送至赋形模中，结果从层合体的薄部32的未粘合的范围开始剥离，未粘合的部分扩展到更广的范围，运送困难。进而与实施例1相同地制作预成形体，实施赋形试验，对预成形体进行外观检查，结果可以确认在与层合体的粘合发生剥离的部位相当的位置，构成碳纤维基材的碳纤维丝条的取向角度发生紊乱。 

Claims (11)

1.一种层合体的制造装置，所述制造装置具有粘合装置，所述粘合装置将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间通过所述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体，形成层合体，所述粘合装置具有相互对置配置的压头夹具和平板夹具，所述压头夹具具有压头板和多个压头，所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具中的至少一个具有升降功能，同时所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具中的至少一个具有加热功能，并且，所述层合体的制造装置的构成为，所述压头的平板夹具侧前端和所述压头板之间的距离是可变化的。
2.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，其构成为，所述压头通过弹簧被安装于所述压头板上，同时可在所述压头的长度方向上压缩所述弹簧而移动。
3.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，其构成为，所述压头的、平板夹具侧前端和所述压头板之间的距离可通过流体压力而发生变化。
4.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，所述压头的、平板夹具侧前端的形状为圆形。
5.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，在具有加热功能的所述压头夹具和平板夹具中的至少一个上设置有传热介质流路用配管。
6.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，在与所述层合体前体同时夹持具有加热功能的所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具中的至少一个的位置安装绝热材料。
7.如权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，所述制造装置具有使层合体移动的移动装置，所述移动装置在从所述层合体厚度方向的上下方夹住并抓持所述层合体的状态下在所述层合体的长度方向上平行移动，由此将所述层合体从所述粘合装置中运出，同时将与 被运出的所述层合体中使用的层合体前体不同的另外的层合体前体供给至所述粘合装置中。
8.如权利要求7所述的层合体的制造装置，其中，所述粘合装置及所述移动装置通过气缸来驱动。
9.一种层合体的制造方法，利用权利要求1所述的层合体的制造装置，将层合2张以上表面具有树脂材料的增强纤维基材而形成的层合体前体的层间经过至少下述(a)、(b)工序通过所述树脂材料部分地粘合成为一体，
(a)在平板夹具和压头夹具之间配置所述层合体前体的配置工序，所述压头夹具的构成为，具有压头板及多个压头，且所述压头的、平板夹具侧前端和所述压头板之间的距离是可变化的；
(b)加压加热工序，降低所述压头夹具及/或升高所述平板夹具，将所述层合体前体用所述压头夹具和所述平板夹具夹持，利用所述压头对所述层合体前体进行部分加压，同时对所述层合体前体中至少加压的部分进行加热。
10.如权利要求9所述的层合体的制造方法，在所述(a)工序中，在压头夹具和平板夹具之间配置所述层合体前体，所述压头夹具中的压头通过弹簧被安装在压头板上；在所述(b)工序中，降低所述压头夹具及/或升高所述平板夹具，控制所述弹簧的压缩长度及所述压头对层合体前体加压的压力。
11.如权利要求9所述的层合体的制造方法，其中，在所述(a)工序中，在压头夹具和平板夹具之间配置所述层合体前体，所述压头夹具的构成为，压头的平板夹具侧前端和所述压头板之间的距离可通过流体压力发生变化；在所述(b)工序中，降低所述压头夹具及/或升高所述平板夹具，控制所述流体压力及所述压头对层合体前体加压的压力。 
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