CN101558086B - 细粒状阳离子聚合物分散体 - Google Patents
细粒状阳离子聚合物分散体 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101558086B CN101558086B CN2007800460361A CN200780046036A CN101558086B CN 101558086 B CN101558086 B CN 101558086B CN 2007800460361 A CN2007800460361 A CN 2007800460361A CN 200780046036 A CN200780046036 A CN 200780046036A CN 101558086 B CN101558086 B CN 101558086B
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- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl ethaneperoxoate Chemical compound CC(=O)OOC(C)(C)C SWAXTRYEYUTSAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C ATZHWSYYKQKSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZHNPVKXBNDGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)C=C XZHNPVKXBNDGJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K trisodium phosphate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O RYFMWSXOAZQYPI-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/42—Nitriles
- C08F20/44—Acrylonitrile
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/04—Polymerisation in solution
- C08F2/10—Aqueous solvent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2/00—Processes of polymerisation
- C08F2/12—Polymerisation in non-solvents
- C08F2/16—Aqueous medium
- C08F2/22—Emulsion polymerisation
- C08F2/24—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents
- C08F2/28—Emulsion polymerisation with the aid of emulsifying agents cationic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/12—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols
- C08F220/16—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms
- C08F220/18—Esters of monohydric alcohols or phenols of phenols or of alcohols containing two or more carbon atoms with acrylic or methacrylic acids
- C08F220/1804—C4-(meth)acrylate, e.g. butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate or tert-butyl (meth)acrylate
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种细粒状的阳离子聚合物分散体,其通过烯属不饱和单体在作为分散剂的阳离子预聚物的水溶液中进行乳液聚合而获得。先通过在水混溶性有机溶剂中按照溶液聚合方式聚合以下组分制备阳离子预聚物:(a)10-45重量%的至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酰胺,(b)40-85重量%的至少一种任选取代的苯乙烯,(c)0-20重量%的丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,(d)1-15重量%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸或一种烯属不饱和羧酸酐,和(e)0-20重量%的至少一种与单体(b)和(c)不同的非离子性烯属不饱和单体,并且(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)的总和为100重量%。按此方式制备的预聚物溶液用水稀释,然后在所述预聚物的水溶液中在水溶性聚合引发剂的存在下使含有以下组分的单体混合物进行乳液聚合:(i)30-80重量%的丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈,(ii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,(iii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯,和(iv)0-20重量%的至少一种与单体(i)、(ii)和(iii)不同的非离子性单体,并且(i)+(ii)+(iii)+(iv)的总和为100重量%。本发明还涉及按此方式制备的细粒状的阳离子聚合物分散体作为的材料以及作为用于纸、纸板和卡纸板的表面施胶剂的用途。
Description
本发明涉及可通过烯属不饱和单体在作为分散剂的阳离子预聚物水溶液中进行乳液聚合物获得的细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体。
DE-A-24 54 397公开了一种制备阳离子共聚合物水分散体的方法,其中使烯属不饱和单体在阳离子分散剂的存在下进行乳液聚合,所述阳离子分散剂是丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯和/或丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯酸甲酯以及任选其它单体的乳液聚合物,具有-15至+60℃的玻璃化转变温度,是作为阳离子分散剂在苯乙烯和/或(甲基)丙烯酸酯和具有叔氮原子、质子化的叔氮原子和/或季氮原子的单烯属不饱和单体的低分子量预聚物的水溶液或水分散体中制备的。如此获得的聚合物分散体用作纸的胶料。
EP-A 051 144公开了通过两步聚合反应制备的细分散的两性聚合物水分散体。在制备方法的第一阶段中,在溶液共聚中合成了低分子量的两性预聚物,此预聚物在每种情况下含有0.5-1.5摩尔的以聚合单元形式引入的烯属不饱和羧酸/每摩尔的带有氨基和/或季氨基的含氮单体,优选的溶剂是冰醋酸。然后将预聚物分散在水中,并在乳液聚合中使用常规水溶性引发剂与非离子性的烯属不饱和单体反应。得到的分散体用作发动机胶料和用于纸的表面胶料。
EP-B 257 412公开了基于细分散的共聚物水分散体的纸胶料,所述分散体是通过丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈、丙烯酸酯和任选的其它可共聚的烯属不饱和单体在粘度ηi为0.12-0.5dl/g的降解淀粉水溶液中按照乳液聚合方法使用过氧化氢或氧化还原引发剂进行共聚获得的。从实施例可见,淀粉被酶催降解。淀粉的酶催降解通过加入乙酸终止。
具有相应组成的乳液聚合物公开在EP-B 276 770中。它们与EP-B 257412公开的胶料之间的区别仅仅在于它们是在粘度ηi为0.04-0.12dl/g的降解淀粉水溶液中制备的。
US 4,659,431公开了按照两步方法制备的阳离子性纸胶料。首先制备阳离子溶液共聚物,然后作为乳化剂用于乳液聚合中。在醇中从含有N,N-二甲基氨基乙基的丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯、苯乙烯和丙烯腈的单体混合物制备溶液共聚物。然后,至少10%的N,N-二甲基氨基被季化。在第二步中,苯乙烯、丙烯酸酯和/或甲基丙烯酸酯和任选丙烯腈的乳液聚合使用水溶性引发剂进行。另外,在一些情况下也加入阳离子和/或非离子乳化剂。
EP-A 1 180 527公开了细分散的阳离子聚合物水分散体,其用作发动机胶料和纸用表面胶料。此分散体也按照两步方法制备,其中先合成阳离子溶液聚合物,然后用作乳液聚合中的乳化剂。乳液聚合使用常规的水溶性引发剂进行,例如过氧化物与氧化还原体系一起使用。在溶液聚合物的制备中没有使用能以聚合单元形式引入的羧酸例如丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸,因为这种羧酸将导致产物在纸的表面施胶中起泡的趋势增加。
本发明的目的是提供能用作纸胶料的聚合物水分散体。
根据本发明,此目的通过细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体实现,此分散体可通过烯属不饱和单体在作为分散剂的阳离子预聚物的水溶液中进行乳液聚合而获得,其中先通过在水混溶性有机溶剂中按照溶液聚合方式聚合以下组分制备阳离子预聚物:
(a)10-45重量%的至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酰胺,
(b)40-85重量%的至少一种任选取代的苯乙烯,
(c)0-20重量%的丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,
(d)1-15重量%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸或一种烯属不饱和羧酸酐,和
(e)0-20重量%的至少一种与单体(b)和(c)不同的非离子性烯属不饱和单体,
并且(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)的总和为100重量%,
用水稀释如此制得的预聚物溶液,然后在所述预聚物的水溶液中在水溶性聚合引发剂的存在下使含有以下组分的单体混合物进行乳液聚合:
(i)30-80重量%的丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈,
(ii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,
(iii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯,和
(iv)0-20重量%的与单体(i)、(ii)和(iii)不同的非离子性单体,
并且(i)+(ii)+(iii)+(iv)的总和为100重量%。
被引入所述预聚物中的阳离子单体(a)的量总是高于阴离子单体(d)的量,使得所述预聚物是阳离子性的。
细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体是优选的,其中阳离子预聚物可通过以下组分的聚合制备:
(a)N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,
(b)苯乙烯,和
(d)丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸;
或通过以下组分的聚合制备:
(a)N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,
(b)苯乙烯,
(c)丙烯腈,和
(d)丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。
优选的细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体还包括这样的聚合物分散体,其中乳液聚合物可通过含有以下组分的单体混合物进行聚合反应而获得:
(i)丙烯腈,
(ii)丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和/或丙烯酸叔丁酯,和
(iii)丙烯酸乙基己基酯。
特别优选的细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体是这样的,其中阳离子预聚物可通过以下组分的聚合反应获得:
(a)N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,
(b)苯乙烯,和
(d)丙烯酸;
并且乳液聚合物可通过含有以下组分的单体混合物进行聚合反应而获得:
(i)丙烯腈,
(ii)丙烯酸正丁酯和/或丙烯酸叔丁酯,和
(iii)丙烯酸乙基己基酯。
用作乳液聚合的分散剂的阳离子预聚物是在聚合的第一阶段中制备的。阳离子预聚物是溶液聚合物,其在合适时可以储存较长的时间。其优选在制得后立即作为分散剂用于聚合反应的第二阶段中。
阳离子预聚物可通过上述单体混合物(a)、(b)、任选的(c)、(d)以及任选的(e)在至少一种聚合引发剂的存在下聚合而获得。
至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酰胺用作单体(a)。它们是通式I的单体:
其中
R1是氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢或甲基,
R2和R3彼此独立地是C1-C4烷基,特别是甲基,和
R4是氢或C1-C4烷基,特别是氢或甲基,
Y是氧、NH或NR5,其中R5是C1-C4烷基,
A是C2-C8亚烷基,例如1,2-亚乙基、1,2-或1,3-亚丙基、1,4-亚丁基或2-甲基-1,2-亚丙基,其任选地被1、2或3个非相邻的氧原子间隔,和
X-是阴离子等价物,例如Cl-、HSO4 -、1/2SO4 2-或CH3OSO3 -等,
并且对于Y=H的情况,是通式I单体的游离碱。
这些单体的例子是:丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯,甲基丙烯酸2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基酯,2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基丙烯酰胺,3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基丙烯酰胺,3-(N,N-二甲基氨基)丙基甲基丙烯酰胺,2-(N,N-二甲基氨基)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基丙烯酰氯,2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基甲基丙烯酰氯,氯化2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基甲基丙烯酰胺,氯化3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基丙烯酰胺,氯化3-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)丙基甲基丙烯酰胺,氯化2-(N,N,N-三甲基铵)乙基丙烯酰胺,以及相应的甲代硫酸盐和硫酸盐。
氨基可以任选地完全或部分地作为盐存在(铵基)。在要聚合的单体混合物中,单体(a)的存在量是10-45重量%,优选15-30重量%。
单体混合物含有作为单体(b)的至少一种任选取代的苯乙烯,例如苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯或乙烯基甲苯。
苯乙烯优选用做单体(b)。在单体混合物中,单体(b)的存在量是40-85重量%,优选55-75重量%。
为了改进预聚物,单体混合物可以含有作为组分(c)的0-20重量%、优选5-15重量%的丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈。
单体混合物含有作为单体(d)的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸或一种烯属不饱和羧酸酐,例如马来酸酐或衣康酸酐。合适的烯属不饱和羧酸是例如C3-C6单羧酸和二羧酸,例如丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、马来酸、富马酸、乙烯基乙酸、巴豆酸、衣康酸、乙烯基乳酸;烯属不饱和羧酸的单酯,如马来酸单甲酯、马来酸单乙酯或马来酸单叔丁酯。丙烯酸和甲基丙烯酸或它们的混合物优选用于聚合中。烯属不饱和羧酸也可以以被碱完全或部分中和的形式用于预聚物的制备中。优选的中和剂是氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液或氨。在聚合中单体(d)的用量是基于单体混合物计的1-15重量%,优选2-10重量%。因为阳离子单体(a)的量大于阴离子单体(d)的量,所以所得的两性预聚物总是总体上具有阳离子电荷。
用于制备预聚物的单体混合物可以含有0-20重量%、一般至多10重量%的至少一种与单体(b)和(c)不同的非离子性烯属不饱和单体(e),例如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺和N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺,从而改进预聚物。
适用于制备预聚物的单体在溶液聚合中在水混溶性有机溶剂中聚合。所用的溶剂是例如甲酸、乙酸、丙酸;醇,例如甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、环己醇、正己醇、乙二醇、丙二醇、二甘醇;酮,例如丙酮或甲乙酮,四氢呋喃,二甲基甲酰胺,或所述溶剂的混合物。溶剂可以含有至多15重量%的水。但是,优选使用基本无水的溶剂。溶剂的量一般选择使得形成含有20-75重量%、优选40-70重量%预聚物的聚合物溶液。
预聚物具有例如最多50,000的平均摩尔质量Mw,一般Mw在500-20,000范围内,优选1000-15,000。为了调节预聚物的摩尔质量,可以在聚合中任选地使用至少一种聚合调节剂,例如巯基乙醇、硫代乙醇酸、十二烷基硫醇或四溴甲烷。另外,聚合物的摩尔质量可以通过聚合引发剂的用量调节。
聚合反应在至少一种聚合引发剂的存在下进行。聚合温度是例如40-150℃,优选50-95℃。例如,偶氮引发剂、过氧化物、氢过氧化物、过氧化氢或氧化还原引发剂可以用作引发剂。过苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化叔丁基和过辛酸叔丁酯优选在预聚物的制备中用做引发剂。
阳离子预聚物的溶液与水混合。1重量份的阳离子预聚物溶液例如与1-50重量份的水、优选与1-20重量份的水混合。如果需要的话,可以在加入水之前或之后从聚合物溶液完全或部分地除去用于制备预聚物的有机溶剂,方便地通过减压蒸馏进行。
乳液聚合物的制备是在第二聚合阶段中在预聚物的水溶液中进行的。为此,使含有以下组分的单体混合物聚合:
(i)30-80重量%的丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈,
(ii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,
(iii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯,和
(iv)0-20重量%的与单体(i)、(ii)和(iii)不同的非离子性单体。
单体混合物优选含有:
(i)40-70重量%的丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈,
(ii)10-40重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,
(iii)5-20重量%的至少一种(甲基)丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯,和
(iv)最多10重量%的丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酰胺。
单体(ii)是例如丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸正丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸仲丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯和甲基丙烯酸仲丁酯。此类单体中,优选使用丙烯酸正丁酯和丙烯酸叔丁酯。
单体(iii)是例如丙烯酸己酯、丙烯酸环己酯、丙烯酸正辛酯、丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、丙烯酸癸基酯、丙烯酸十二烷基酯、丙烯酸十四烷基酯、甲基丙烯酸己酯、甲基丙烯酸环己酯、甲基丙烯酸正辛酯、甲基丙烯酸2-乙基己基酯、甲基丙烯酸十二烷基酯和甲基丙烯酸十四烷基酯。此类单体中,丙烯酸乙基己基酯和甲基丙烯酸乙基己基酯是特别合适的。
单体(iv)是例如丙烯酰胺、甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺、N-羟甲基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-C1-C18烷基丙烯酰胺、N-C1-C18烷基甲基丙烯酰胺、N-乙烯基酰胺、C1-C18烷基乙烯基醚、羟基烷基酯,以及单烯属不饱和单羧酸和二羧酸与聚C2-C4亚烷基二醇的酯。
单体(iv)还包括已经在(a)中提到并且具有至少一个阳离子基团和/或至少一个能在含水介质中质子化的氨基、季铵基团、能质子化的亚氨基或季化亚氨基的单烯属不饱和单体。
另外,也可以使用交联单体。这种交联剂的例子是丁二醇二丙烯酸酯、丁二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、己二醇二丙烯酸酯、己二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二丙烯酸酯、乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三丙烯酸酯、三羟甲基丙烷三甲基丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇三丙烯酸酯、季戊四醇四丙烯酸酯,烷氧基化二元醇的二丙烯酸酯和二甲基丙烯酸酯,二乙烯基脲和/或共轭的二烯烃,例如丁二烯或异戊二烯。
根据预期用途,单体(iv)也可以包括所谓的官能单体,即除了可聚合的C=C双键之外还具有反应性官能团,例如环氧乙烷基团、反应性羰基,例如乙酰乙酰基,异氰酸酯基、N-羟基甲基、N-烷氧基甲基、三烷基甲硅烷基、三烷氧基甲硅烷基或对亲核试剂有反应性的其它基团。
单体(i)、(ii)、(iii)和任选(iv)的聚合反应通过乳液聚合方法进行,即,要聚合的单体作为在聚合混合物中的水乳液存在。上述阳离子预聚物用于稳定单体乳液。
可以将单体在开始聚合之前先加入反应器中,或在聚合条件下按一份或多份或连续地加入正在聚合的反应混合物或阳离子预聚物的含水混合物中。例如,可以先将主要量的单体、特别是至少80%、特别优选全部量的单体与预聚物一起加入聚合容器中,然后通过加入聚合引发剂直接开始聚合。在另一个工艺方案中,首先将一部分(例如5-25%)的单体或单体乳液和一部分预聚物加入聚合反应器中,通过加入引发剂开始聚合,并连续或分份地向反应器加入剩余量的单体或单体乳液和任选的预聚物,然后完成单体的聚合。在此工艺方案中,可以例如先将聚合引发剂部分或完全地加入反应器中,或与其余单体分开地计量加入反应器中。
适用于乳液聚合的引发剂原则上是所有常用的适用于乳液聚合的聚合引发剂,其能引发烯属不饱和单体的自由基聚合。这些包括例如偶氮化合物,例如2,2’-偶氮二异丁腈、2,2’-偶氮二(2-甲基丁腈)、2,2’-偶氮二[2-甲基-N-(2-羟基乙基)丙酰胺]、1,1’-偶氮二(1-环己烷甲腈)、2,2’-偶氮二(2,4-二甲基戊腈)、2,2’-偶氮二(N,N’-二亚甲基异丁脒)二盐酸盐和2,2’-偶氮二(2-脒基丙烷)二盐酸盐;有机或无机过氧化物,例如过氧化二乙酰、过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化二戊基、过氧化二辛酰、过氧化二癸酰、过氧化二月桂酰、过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二(邻-甲苯甲酰)、过氧化二琥珀酰、过乙酸叔丁酯、过马来酸叔丁酯、过异丁酸叔丁酯、过新戊酸叔丁酯、过辛酸叔丁酯、过新癸酸叔丁酯、过苯甲酸叔丁酯、过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化枯烯、过氧基-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯和过氧基二氨基甲酸二异丙酯,过氧二硫酸的盐以及氧化还原引发剂体系。
氧化还原引发剂体系优选用于聚合,特别是含有过氧二硫酸盐、过氧化氢或有机过氧化物例如氢过氧化叔丁基的氧化还原引发剂体系。氧化还原引发剂体系优选含有硫化合物作为还原剂,特别选自亚硫酸氢钠、羟基甲烷磺酸钠,以及丙酮的亚硫酸氢盐加合物。其它合适的还原剂是含磷的化合物,例如亚磷酸、次亚磷酸盐和膦酸盐,以及肼或肼水合物和抗坏血酸。氧化还原引发剂体系可以还含有少量的氧化还原金属盐,例如铁盐、钒盐、铜盐、铬盐或锰盐,例如作为氧化还原引发剂体系的抗坏血酸/硫酸铁(II)/过氧二硫酸钠。特别优选的氧化还原引发剂体系是丙酮亚硫酸氢盐加合物/有机氢过氧化物,例如氢过氧化叔丁基;焦亚硫酸钠(Na2S2O5)/有机氢过氧化物,例如氢过氧化叔丁基;羟基甲烷亚磺酸钠/有机氢过氧化物,例如氢过氧化叔丁基;以及抗坏血酸/过氧化氢。
引发剂的用量一般是0.02-2重量%,特别是0.05-1.5重量%,基于单体的量计。当然,最佳量的引发剂取决于所用的引发剂体系,可以由本领域技术人员按照常规实验确定。可以先将引发剂部分或完全地加入反应器中。一般,先一起加入一部分量的引发剂与一部分单体乳液,然后将剩余的引发剂与单体连续或间歇地加入,但是这两者分开加入。
压力和温度对于进行单体的聚合而言不太重要。当然,温度取决于所用的引发剂体系。最佳的聚合温度可以由本领域技术人员在常规实验的帮助下确定。通常,聚合温度是0-110℃,优选30-95℃。聚合一般在大气压或环境压力下进行。但是,聚合也可以在超大气压下进行,例如最多10巴,或在减压下进行,例如20-900毫巴,但一般>800毫巴。聚合时间优选是1-120分钟,特别是2-90分钟,特别优选3-60分钟,更长或更短的聚合时间也是可能的。
聚合反应优选在所谓的“饥饿条件”下进行,即,尽可能允许仅仅极少形成或不形成空胶束的条件。为此,不加入其它表面活性物质或加入极少的其它表面活性物质从而稳定在水相中的水不溶性单体液滴。
如果在乳液聚合中另外加入分散稳定剂以稳定所得的乳液聚合物,则优选计量加入例如最多5重量%、例如0.1-5重量%的至少一种表面活性物质,基于要聚合的单体计。除了非离子表面活性物质之外,合适的表面活性物质特别是阴离子乳化剂,例如烷基硫酸盐、链烷磺酸盐、烷基芳基磺酸盐、烷基醚硫酸盐、烷基芳基醚硫酸盐、阴离子淀粉、磺基琥珀酸盐,例如磺基琥珀酸单酯和磺基琥珀酸二酯,以及烷基醚磷酸盐,以及其它阳离子乳化剂。
为了改进聚合物的性能,乳液聚合可以任选地在至少一种聚合调节剂的存在下进行。聚合调节剂的例子是含有键合形式的硫的有机化合物,例如十二烷基硫醇、硫代二甘醇、乙基硫代乙醇、二正丁基硫、二正辛基硫、二苯基硫、二硫化二异丙基、2-巯基乙醇、1,3-巯基丙醇、3-巯基-丙-1,2-二醇、1,4-巯基丁醇、硫代乙醇酸、3-巯基丙酸、巯基琥珀酸、硫代乙酸和硫脲;醛,例如甲醛、乙醛和丙醛;有机酸,例如甲酸、甲酸钠或甲酸铵;醇,例如异丙醇;磷化合物,例如次亚磷酸钠。如果在聚合中使用调节剂,则其用量在每种情况下是例如0.01-5重量%,优选0.1-1重量%,基于在聚合中使用的单体计。聚合调节剂和交联剂可以一起用于聚合中。这使得有可能例如控制所得聚合物分散体的流变性能。
聚合一般在2-9的pH下进行,优选在pH为3-5.5的弱酸范围内进行。可以在聚合之前或期间用常规的酸或碱将pH调节到所需的值,酸是例如盐酸、硫酸或乙酸,碱是例如氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液、氨、碳酸铵等。优选在聚合结束之后用氢氧化钠溶液、氢氧化钾溶液或氨将分散体的pH调节到5-7。
为了尽可能完全地从聚合物分散体除去剩余的单体,在实际的聚合结束之后有利地进行后聚合。为此,例如,在主聚合结束之后,将选自过氧化氢、过氧化物、氢过氧化物和/或偶氮引发剂的引发剂加入聚合物分散体中。引发剂与合适还原剂例如抗坏需酸或亚硫酸氢钠的组合也是可能的。优选使用难溶于水的油溶性引发剂,例如常规的有机过氧化物,例如过氧化二苯甲酰、过氧化二叔丁基、氢过氧化叔丁基、氢过氧化枯烯或过氧基二碳酸二环己酯。为了后聚合,将反应混合物例如加热到与主聚合温度对应的温度,或比主聚合温度高出最多20℃、优选高出最多10℃。当聚合引发剂已经被消耗或单体转化率是例如至少98%、优选至少99.5%时,主聚合完成。氢过氧化叔丁基优选用于后聚合反应。聚合例如在40-100℃、优选50-95℃的温度范围进行。
聚合物分散体含有平均粒径为例如20-500nm、优选40-150nm的分散粒子。平均粒径可以通过本领域技术人员公知的方法检测,例如激光关联光谱、超离心、CHDF(毛细管流体力学分级)。衡量分散的聚合物粒子的其它手段是LT值(透光率的值)。为了检测LT值,将在每种情况下要检测的聚合物分散体在边长为2.5cm的检测池中在0.1重量%水溶液中用600nm波长的光检测,并与在相同检测条件下相应的水透光率比较。水的透光率是100%。分散体的细分散程度越高,用上述方法测得的LT值越高。平均粒径可以从检测值计算,参见例如Verner,M.Bárta,B.Sedlácek,球形粒子的散射性能表(Tables of Scattering Functions for SphericalParticles),Prague,1976,Edice Marco,Rada D-DATA,SVAZEK D-1。
聚合物分散体的固含量是例如5-50重量%,优选15-40重量%。
阳离子聚合物分散体用作发动机胶料和用于纸、纸板和卡纸板的表面胶料。作为表面胶料的用途是优选的。本发明的聚合物分散体可以通过所有适合表面施胶的方法加工。为了应用,通常将基于固体物质计0.05-5重量%的分散体加入施胶压液中。聚合物分散体的量取决于要整理的纸或纸产品的所需施胶度。施胶压液可以含有其它物质,例如淀粉、颜料、荧光增白剂、杀菌剂、纸用增强剂、固定剂、防泡剂、保留助剂和/或排干助剂。胶料分散体可以通过施胶压机或其它施用装置施用到纸、纸板或卡纸板上,例如压膜机、高速施胶机或水平辊机。以此方式施用到纸产品表面上的聚合物的量是例如0.005-1.0g/m2,优选0.01-0.5g/m2。
本发明的聚合物分散体可以用于生产所有纸品种,例如书写和印刷纸,以及包装纸,特别是用于包装液体的纸。
即使按非常少的量计量添加,本发明的聚合物分散体也对使用不同纤维类型生产的所有纸具有优异的施胶效果,纤维类型是未漂白的软木、未漂白的阔叶木、未漂白的硬木、漂白的软木、漂白的阔叶木、漂白的硬木、脱色纤维或不同类型纤维的混合物。此外,本发明的聚合物分散体具有与常规淀粉之间的非常好的相容性,例如土豆淀粉、玉米淀粉、小麦淀粉和木薯淀粉。另外,本发明的聚合物分散体显示在生产和干燥纸网之后立即能进行完全的胶料分布。
除非上下文说明,否则实施例中所述的百分比都是重量百分比。粒径是通过来自Malvern的高效粒度仪(HPPS)使用He-Ne激光器(633nm)在173度的散射角度下检测的。
实施例1
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入133.0g苯乙烯、57.0gN,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和5.0g甲基丙烯酸的混合物。在18.3g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将955g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入1.5g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将152.5g丙烯腈、30.5g丙烯酸乙基己基酯和122.5g丙烯酸正丁酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入5g的甲醛与亚硫酸钠的加合物(C)并在70℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为30.1%且平均粒径(Malvern)为86nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例2
首先将116.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入161.55g苯乙烯、21.22g丙烯酸正丁酯、64.84g的N,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和5.89g丙烯酸的混合物。在18.3g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将1078g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入0.88g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入23.5g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将167.98g丙烯腈、33.6g丙烯酸乙基己基酯和134.4g丙烯酸正丁酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将94.3g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入2.65g的甲醛与亚硫酸钠的加合物(C)并在70℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为37.12%且平均粒径(Malvern)为106nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例3
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入133.0g苯乙烯、57.0g N,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和5.0g甲基丙烯酸的混合物。在18.3g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将955g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入1.5g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将213.5g丙烯腈、45.7g丙烯酸乙基己基酯和45.7g丙烯酸正丁酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入5g的甲醛与亚硫酸钠的加合物(C)并在70℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为27.8%且平均粒径(Malvern)为71nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例4
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入153.5g苯乙烯、65.75g甲基丙烯酸二甲氨基乙基酯和5.75g丙烯酸的混合物。在18.13g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将955g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入1.5g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液和2.5g的C(甲醛与亚硫酸氢钠的加合物)后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将137.5g丙烯腈、110.0g丙烯酸正丁酯和27.5g丙烯酸乙基己基酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入5g的C并再搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为28.8%且平均粒径(Malvern)为79nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例5
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入110.50g苯乙烯、22.1g丙烯腈、48.6g N,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、4.4g丙烯酸和4.4g丙烯酸正丁酯的混合物。在16.5g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将975g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入0.75g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将210.0g丙烯腈、95.0g丙烯酸叔丁酯和20g丙烯酸乙基己基酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入11.3g的C并在50℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为30.2%且平均粒径(Malvern)为67nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例6
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入110.50g苯乙烯、22.1g丙烯腈、48.6g甲基丙烯二甲氨基乙基酯和4.4g丙烯酸的混合物。在16.5g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将975g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入0.75g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将210.0g丙烯腈、95.0g丙烯酸叔丁酯和20g丙烯酸乙基己基酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入11.3g的C并在50℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为30.1%且平均粒径(Malvern)为72nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
实施例7
首先将101.4g冰醋酸放进2L的烧瓶中并在氮气氛围下加热至105℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定装置。在搅拌下,在45分钟内均匀地计量加入110.50g苯乙烯、22.1g丙烯腈、52.6g甲基丙烯二甲氨基乙基酯和4.4g丙烯酸的混合物。在16.5g异丙醇中的8.8g过辛酸叔丁酯进料与单体进料同时开始,并且在60分钟内计量加入反应混合物中。引发剂进料结束后,在105℃下再搅拌30分钟。
然后在85℃下在30分钟内将975g软化水加入均匀的预聚物材料中。加入0.75g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在30分钟内计量加入20g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液。然后在75℃下在120分钟内将210.0g丙烯腈、95.0g丙烯酸叔丁酯和20g丙烯酸乙基己基酯的混合物均匀地计量加入。与单体进料同时,在150分钟内将80.0g浓度为5%的过氧化氢溶液单独进料计量加入。添加结束后,在85℃下再搅拌60分钟,然后将反应混合物冷却至50℃。为了再活化,加入11.3g的C并在50℃下再次搅拌30分钟。
得到固含量为30.3%且平均粒径(Malvern)为65nm的细分散的聚合物分散体。
对比例1
在具有平面磨口接头、搅拌器和内部温度测定工具的2L烧瓶中,在搅拌以及氮气氛围下混合60g冰醋酸、60g苯乙烯、33g N,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、15g丙烯酸和1g偶氮二异丁腈并加热至85℃,在此温度下再搅拌30分钟。然后在相同温度下在60分钟内计量加入溶解于5g丙酮的1.25g偶氮二异丁腈。添加结束后,在105℃下再进行后聚合30分钟。
然后在85℃下将590g软化水加入所得的均匀预聚物溶液中,结果得到均匀且稍微混浊的溶液。加入20g浓度为6%的过氧化氢溶液和1.2g浓度为10%的硫酸铁(II)溶液后,在85℃下进行搅拌的同时,分别并均匀地计量加入80g浓度为6%的过氧化氢溶液以及66g苯乙烯和126g丙烯酸异丁酯的混合物。添加结束后,在相同温度下进行后聚合60分钟。
得到固含量为28.4%且LT值(0.1%)为66%的细分散的聚合物分散体。
对比例2
首先在室温下将105.4g苯乙烯、40.0g N,N-二甲氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺、0.8g叔十二烷基硫醇(95%)和117.8g冰醋酸的混合物放进2L的烧瓶中,并在搅拌的同时在氮气氛围下加热至95℃,其中所用烧瓶具有平面磨口接头并装有搅拌器和内部温度测定工具。达到反应温度后,在搅拌下在120分钟内将2.0g偶氮二异丁腈在13.4g丙酮中的溶液均匀地计量加入至反应溶液中。然后在95℃下再搅拌批料120分钟,然后冷却。
然后在搅拌的同时,在室温下将1260g软化水加入预聚物中。在氮气氛围以及连续搅拌下将混合物加热至85℃。得到均匀并稍微混浊的液相。达到反应温度后,将容器中的混合物再搅拌15分钟,然后加入20.0g浓度为1%的硫酸铁(II)溶液。之后,以恒定的计量加入速度由单独的进料将129.5g苯乙烯和92.5g丙烯酸正丁酯的混合物以及64.8g浓度为3%的过氧化氢溶液同时计量加入至反应混合物中,并同时保持温度恒定。进料结束后,在85℃下再搅拌批料15分钟,然后加入2.3g氢过氧化叔丁基(70%)以用于再活化。接着在85℃下搅拌60分钟之后,冷却批料并在室温下加入B水溶液。
得到固含量为19.7%且LT值(0.1%)为66%的细分散的聚合物分散体。
性能测试1
为了测试在使用期间的表面施胶效果,使用实验室施胶压机将本发明分散体和对比例的分散体涂敷在测试纸(100%废纸,基重为80g/m2,未施胶)上。通过加热至95℃将氧化的土豆淀粉(TSC)溶解在水中,然后调节至预期的浓度。然后将要测试的分散体计量加入淀粉溶液中以使施胶压机液体含有80g/l的已溶解的氧化土豆淀粉(Emox TSC)和0.5-1.5g/l的分散体。
然后通过表面涂敷到未施胶的测试纸上,检测来自实施例1-7和对比例1和2的分散体的施胶效果。为此,将纸张两次通过施胶压机,平均达到增重约65%。表面施胶后的纸的干燥在90℃下通过干燥圆筒进行。然后在测定施胶度之前将纸张在调节室中保存过夜。
Cobb值
施胶度按照Cobb根据DIN EN 20535测定。吸水率的单位是g/m2。施胶测试结果示于表1中。
表1
性能测试2
为了测试在使用期间的立即施胶效果,使用实验室施胶压机将本发明分散体和对比例的分散体各自涂敷在测试纸(松木硫酸盐、桦木硫酸盐和桉木浆的混合物,未漂白,基重为80g/m2,未施胶,含18%灰分)的表面上。通过加热至95℃将氧化的土豆淀粉(TSC)溶解在水中,然后调节至预期的浓度。然后将要测试的分散体计量加入淀粉溶液中以使施胶压机液体含有80g/l的已溶解的氧化土豆淀粉(Emox TSC)和0.8-2.4g/l的分散体。
然后通过表面涂敷到未施胶的测试纸上,检测来自实施例1-7和对比例1和2的分散体的施胶效果。为此,将纸张两次通过施胶压机,平均达到增重约60%。表面活性施胶后的纸的干燥在90℃下通过干燥圆筒进行。然后将一部分纸在120℃干燥5分钟,并检测施胶度(立即检测,Cobb60值)。在测定施胶度之前将另一部分纸在调节室中保存过夜。
Cobb值
施胶度按照Cobb60根据DIN EN 20535测定。吸水率的单位是g/m2。施胶测试结果示于表2中。
表2
Claims (5)
1.一种细分散的阳离子聚合物分散体,此分散体是通过烯属不饱和单体在作为分散剂的阳离子预聚物的水溶液中进行乳液聚合而获得的,其中先通过在水混溶性有机溶剂中按照溶液聚合方式聚合以下组分制备阳离子预聚物:
(a)10-45重量%的至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯和/或至少一种具有氨基和/或季铵基团的(甲基)丙烯酰胺,
(b)40-85重量%的至少一种任选取代的苯乙烯,其选自苯乙烯、α-甲基苯乙烯、乙基苯乙烯或乙烯基甲苯,
(c)0-20重量%的丙烯腈或甲基丙烯腈,
(d)1-15重量%的至少一种烯属不饱和羧酸或一种烯属不饱和羧酸酐,和
(e)0-20重量%的至少一种与单体(b)和(c)不同的非离子性烯属不饱和单体,
并且(a)+(b)+(c)+(d)+(e)的总和为100重量%,
用水稀释如此制得的预聚物溶液,然后在所述预聚物的水溶液中在水溶性聚合引发剂的存在下使含有以下组分的单体混合物进行乳液聚合:
(i)30-80重量%的丙烯腈和/或甲基丙烯腈,
(ii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C1-C4烷基酯,
(iii)5-50重量%的至少一种丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯或至少一种甲基丙烯酸C6-C14烷基酯,和
(iv)0-20重量%的与单体(i)、(ii)和(iii)不同的非离子性单体,
并且(i)+(ii)+(iii)+(iv)的总和为100重量%。
2.根据权利要求1的细分散的阳离子聚合物水分散体,其中阳离子预聚物是通过以下组分的聚合制备的:
(a)N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,
(b)苯乙烯,和
(d)丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。
3.根据权利要求1的细分散的阳离子聚合物水分散体,其中阳离子预聚物是通过以下组分的聚合制备的:
(a)N,N-二甲基氨基丙基甲基丙烯酰胺和/或甲基丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯和/或丙烯酸N,N-二甲基氨基乙基酯,
(b)苯乙烯,
(c)丙烯腈,和
(d)丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸。
4.根据权利要求1-3中任一项的细分散的阳离子聚合物水分散体,其中乳液聚合物是通过含有以下组分的单体混合物进行聚合反应而获得的:
(i)丙烯腈,
(ii)丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯和/或丙烯酸叔丁酯,和
(iii)丙烯酸乙基己基酯。
5.权利要求1-4中任一项的细分散的阳离子聚合物水分散体作为发动机胶料以及作为用于纸、纸板和卡纸板的表面胶料的用途。
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CN103415539B (zh) | 2010-11-25 | 2016-10-12 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 细碎的阳离子性或两性聚合物水分散体、其制备方法、其用途、阳离子性或两性保护胶体及其制备方法 |
CN107001494A (zh) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-08-01 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 细碎的阳离子聚合物水分散体、其制备方法及其用途 |
CN108602921B (zh) * | 2015-12-01 | 2021-05-07 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 细碎的阳离子含水聚合物分散体、其制备方法及其用途 |
FI127745B (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2019-01-31 | Kemira Oyj | Cationic surfactant |
PL3478734T3 (pl) * | 2016-06-30 | 2021-10-04 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Silnie rozdrobnione, kationowe, wodne dyspersje polimerów, sposób ich wytwarzania i ich zastosowanie |
CN108690159B (zh) * | 2018-06-08 | 2019-11-26 | 山东金元化工股份有限公司 | 一种造纸用阳离子表面施胶剂的制备方法及应用 |
EP4085080A1 (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2022-11-09 | Kemira OYJ | Polymer dispersion, its use and process for its preparation |
DE102022114640A1 (de) | 2022-06-10 | 2023-12-21 | Solenis Technologies Cayman, L.P. | Hochmolekulare polymerdispersionen mit homopolymerem dispergiermittel |
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DE3401573A1 (de) * | 1984-01-18 | 1985-07-25 | Bayer Ag, 5090 Leverkusen | Kationisches leimungsmittel fuer papier und verfahren zu seiner herstellung |
DE3627594A1 (de) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-02-18 | Basf Ag | Leimungsmittel fuer papier auf basis feinteiliger waessriger dispersionen |
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EP1180527B1 (de) * | 2000-08-16 | 2005-04-06 | Bayer Chemicals AG | Kationische Polymerdispersionen zur Papierleimung |
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