CN101549566B - 摩擦片衬 - Google Patents

摩擦片衬 Download PDF

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CN101549566B
CN101549566B CN200910132910.4A CN200910132910A CN101549566B CN 101549566 B CN101549566 B CN 101549566B CN 200910132910 A CN200910132910 A CN 200910132910A CN 101549566 B CN101549566 B CN 101549566B
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O·伦格
T·魏尔
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Luke Asset Management Co ltd
Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • B29C2043/029—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles having an axis of symmetry using axial compression along a longitudinal axis
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C61/00—Shaping by liberation of internal stresses; Making preforms having internal stresses; Apparatus therefor
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29K2995/00—Properties of moulding materials, reinforcements, fillers, preformed parts or moulds
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于降低摩擦片衬的翘曲的方法，这种摩擦片衬包括摩擦层和衬承载件。

Description

摩擦片衬
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于减小摩擦片衬、尤其是离合器摩擦片衬中的翘曲的方法，这种摩擦片衬具有摩擦层和衬承载件。
背景技术
这种摩擦片衬尤其用于车辆中的摩擦离合器。在此，这种摩擦片衬与作为衬承载件的金属承载板固定地相连接或者铆接在离合器盘上，以便与配合回转配对件相联系地在接合状态中允许发动机与变速器之间的转矩传递，或者在离合器打开时使之分离。
通过DE 44 31 642 B4公开了一种摩擦片衬，该摩擦片衬主要具有纤维、粘合剂以及填充物作为组分。
按照现有技术，通常如下来制造摩擦片衬：在将摩擦片衬组分在混合器中均质地混合之后，将预给定量的该混合物填充在预成形模中，均匀分布在该预成形模中，然后预压缩成预压制坯。将预压制坯接收在热压模具中并且在热压过程中压到给定形状，其中，进行预压制坯的进一步压缩。接着可对摩擦片衬进行后处理，例如硬化、磨削和制孔。
在公开文献DE 197 12 203 A1中公开了一种摩擦片衬以及所属的制造过程，其中，将承载元件作为衬承载件嵌入。
根据现有技术，通常在摩擦片衬中嵌入一个摩擦片衬承载件。这例如可这样来实现：将摩擦材料的混合物按定量加入热压机中，接着将衬承载件放置在该挤压机中，接着在该材料连同衬承载件例如通过热压而成形到其最终状态之前，按定量添加另外的材料。
由现有技术也已经公知，首先将设置有距离保持装置的衬承载件置入到模具中，接着按定量添加摩擦材料并且使该材料在挤压过程中例如在热压过程中通过衬承载件中的孔流动到衬承载件下面的区域中。
此外，摩擦片衬可这样构造，使得衬承载件之前的摩擦片衬层(前侧)具有与衬承载件之后的摩擦片衬层(后侧)不同的另一种材料混合物。衬承载件之前的摩擦片衬层(前侧)具有真正的摩擦面，衬承载件之后的摩擦片衬层优选不用作摩擦面。由此，对于衬承载件之后的衬混合物(后侧)可使用这样的材料混合物：该材料混合物不必满足摩擦系数方面的高要求。该材料也可优选具有较小的密度，以便使摩擦片衬的重量和惯性矩降低。出于特殊目的，也可在后侧上要求较高的密度。后侧也可同样用较高份额的成本较低廉的组分制造。
根据材料选择和应用目的，摩擦片衬的后侧也可选择得比前侧薄或厚。
此外，有利的可以是，将衬承载件供应给用于使衬材料更好地附着的表面处理装置。在此意义下可参考申请人的DE 197 12 203 A1。
如也已经由现有技术公知的那样，摩擦片衬与一个摩擦片衬承载件固定地相连接。这可以已经在制造预压制坯时和/或在热压过程中实现。在此，在热压过程中，衬承载件与摩擦片衬烧结。符合目的的是，至少对衬承载件的与衬相连接的侧进行预处理，例如腐蚀和/或喷砂处理。
另外，符合目的的可以是，摩擦片衬承载件涂覆有粘接剂。在此意义下可参考申请人的DE 44 31 642 B4。
在摩擦片衬中，特别是对于在双离合器中的应用，对平整度的要求非常高。
DE 10031635 A1中描述了一种用于摩擦离合器的压紧板，其中，压紧板具有至少一个可压在离合器盘的摩擦片衬装置或类似装置上的摩擦面区域，其中，压紧板部分地由第一材料构成，其中，在压紧板中至少区域地设置有第二材料，该第二材料与第一材料处于热接触。为了可补偿压紧板的由于离合器工作期间的摩擦热产生的反伞形(negative Schirmung)，根据本发明提出，第二材料具有与第一材料相比不同的热膨胀，尤其是具有更大的热膨胀。
但是，摩擦片衬的翘曲由此仍未得到改善。如果摩擦片衬仅仅在一侧设置有摩擦层，则当摩擦层和衬承载件不具有相同的热膨胀系数时——当摩擦层由摩擦材料构造并且衬承载件例如构造成板后背时就是这种情况，可产生翘曲。如果衬承载件朝两侧如上所述被涂层并且如果摩擦层和另一个层由不同材料构成且它们的厚度不同时，也可产生翘曲。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提供一种用于降低摩擦片衬中的翘曲的方法，这种摩擦片衬包括一个衬承载件和至少一个摩擦层。
该任务通过根据本发明的方法以及根据本发明的装置来解决。
对该任务的本发明解决方案的说明如下：
由现有技术公知的摩擦片衬制造方法原则上可保留。但与此不同的是，根据本发明，将摩擦片衬在从热压机取出之后在仍热着的状态中置入到冷压机中并且夹紧地冷却。
冷压机的压模成形为锥状。由此，在冷压之后获得具有预给定的、确定的锥度的摩擦片衬，该锥度抵抗在稍后进行的硬化期间通过至少两个层即摩擦层和衬承载件的不同收缩造成的翘曲。
在从热压机取出之后并且在置入到压模中时，摩擦片衬的温度高于玻璃态转化温度。由此可使摩擦片衬具有锥状形状，而不建立附加应力。
以此方式可抵抗稍后硬化时的翘曲。
根据本发明的用于制造摩擦片衬的方法包括下列步骤：
·在仍热着的状态中从热压机取出摩擦片衬，以及
·将仍热着的摩擦片衬插入到冷压机中。
冷压机在此具有成形为锥状的压模，该压模这样构造，使得摩擦片衬在冷压之后具有可预给定的锥度。
在一个特别优选的实施形式中，热的摩擦片衬在插入到冷压机中时具有高于摩擦层的玻璃态转化温度的温度，该热的摩擦片衬优选包括衬承载件和摩擦层。
根据本发明，提出了一种冷压机，该冷压机用于挤压环状的摩擦片衬，所述摩擦片衬包括衬承载件和摩擦层。该冷压机的压模在此被这样构造成锥状，使得摩擦片衬在冷压之后具有可预给定的锥度，该锥度抵抗在硬化期间衬承载件相对于摩擦层的翘曲。
特别优选摩擦片衬在插入到冷压机中时具有高于摩擦层的玻璃态转化温度的温度。
附图说明
本发明的其它优点和有利构型是下列附图及其说明的主题。
图1在冷压机的压模中还在冷压之前的一个热的摩擦片衬；
图2在冷压机的压模中摩擦片衬被夹紧地冷却；以及
图3在冷压之后经冷却的、冷的摩擦片衬。
具体实施方式
图1示出了在冷压机的压模10中还在冷压之前的一个热的摩擦片衬20、22，该摩擦片衬具有作为衬承载件的板后背22。板后背22和摩擦层20在此基本上具有相同的温度。冷压机的压模10构造成锥状。
在另一个实施形式中，衬承载件可在一侧如先前那样设置有一个摩擦层并且在另一侧也如可从现有技术的说明中所获知的那样包括另一个层，该另一个层出于成本原因仅仅用类似或相同的材料制成，具有相同或较小或较大的层厚度。以与具有一个摩擦层20的摩擦片衬类似方式，也可将具有一个摩擦层20和另一个层的摩擦片衬供应给相应地适配的、构造成锥状的压模。
图2示出了在冷压机的压模中具有板后背的摩擦片衬被夹紧地冷却。在该步骤结束时，板后背和摩擦层是冷的。
图3示出了在冷压之后经冷却的、冷的摩擦片衬，该摩擦片衬具有预给定的、确定的锥度，该锥度抵抗在稍后进行的硬化期间通过摩擦层和板后背的不同收缩造成的翘曲。

Claims (3)

1.用于制造摩擦片衬的方法，所述摩擦片衬包括衬承载件和摩擦层，该方法包括下列步骤：
·在仍热着的状态中从热压机取出摩擦片衬，
·将所述仍热着的摩擦片衬插入到冷压机中，其中，所述热的摩擦片衬在插入到该冷压机中时具有高于该摩擦层的玻璃态转化温度的温度；
其中，该冷压机具有成形为锥状的压模，该压模这样构造，使得所述摩擦片衬在冷压之后具有可预给定的用于抵抗翘曲的锥度。
2.用于执行权利要求1所述的制造摩擦片衬的方法的冷压机，用于挤压环状的摩擦片衬，所述摩擦片衬包括衬承载件和摩擦层，其特征在于：压模被这样地构造成锥状，使得所述摩擦片衬在冷压之后具有可预给定的锥度，该锥度抵抗在硬化期间衬承载件相对于摩擦层的翘曲。
3.根据权利要求2的冷压机，其特征在于：所述摩擦片衬在插入到该冷压机中时具有高于该摩擦层的玻璃态转化温度的温度。
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DE102016204352A1 (de) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Trägerelement
DE102016204354A1 (de) 2016-03-16 2017-09-21 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Verfahren zum Herstellen einer Reibschicht
WO2018206033A1 (de) 2017-05-09 2018-11-15 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Kupplungsscheibe
DE102020126942B4 (de) 2020-10-14 2022-04-28 Schaeffler Technologies AG & Co. KG Reibteil

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