CN101534017A - Charge-discharge protection circuit for a plurality of lithium batteries - Google Patents

Charge-discharge protection circuit for a plurality of lithium batteries Download PDF

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CN101534017A
CN101534017A CN200810177139A CN200810177139A CN101534017A CN 101534017 A CN101534017 A CN 101534017A CN 200810177139 A CN200810177139 A CN 200810177139A CN 200810177139 A CN200810177139 A CN 200810177139A CN 101534017 A CN101534017 A CN 101534017A
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effect transistor
field effect
lithium battery
charge
control circuit
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CN101534017B (en
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何岳明
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Abstract

The invention provides a charge-discharge protection circuit for a plurality of lithium batteries, which comprises an in-series lithium battery pack, a control signal integration circuit, a discharge control circuit and a charge control circuit. The protection circuit is characterized in that each lithium battery is connected with one protection chip; the first voltage input end of each protection chip is connected with the anode of a corresponding lithium battery through a first resistor; the second voltage input end of each protection chip is connected with the cathode of the corresponding lithium battery; the charge control end and discharge control end of each protection chip receive charge/discharge sampling voltage of the lithium batteries; the current trigger end of a first protection chip corresponding to a first lithium battery is taken as the current control end of the charge control circuit; and the current trigger ends of the protection chips corresponding to the rest of the lithium batteries are connected with the cathode of the lithium battery. As the protection circuit directly utilizes the current trigger end of the single battery protection chip to detect charge/discharge current, once the charge/discharge current of one of the lithium batteries exceeds a rated value, a charge/discharge switch is turned off to stop charging/discharging so as to achieve the aim of protecting the lithium batteries.

Description

A kind of charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of charge-discharge protection circuit of lithium battery, this charge-discharge protection circuit can be realized the charge and discharge protecting by two joints or the multi-section serial lithium battery power supply more than two joints.
Background technology
Lithium battery is because have the advantages that than nickel-cadmium cell, the Ni-MH battery of routine power supply capacity is higher and power quality is lighter, by widely as the battery of all kinds of portable or mobile products such as mobile phone, electric tool.Battery in use; overcharge, overdischarge and overcurrent all can influence battery useful life and performance, is Safety Design, the electric core of battery; especially lithium-ion electric core must install baffle additional, to prevent to overcharge, to cross danger such as putting the burning that causes with short circuit, blast.
At present, for the protective core chip technology scheme of single-unit lithium ion battery comparative maturity, as shown in Figure 1, charge-discharge protection circuit for a joint lithium battery in the prior art, this circuit employing single-unit li-ion cell protection chip IC ', two inputs 5 that are used to gather lithium battery voltage of this protection chip IC ' have, 6, a current trigger end 2, and a charging control end 3 and a discharge control end 1, under normal circumstances, charging control end 3 ' and discharge control end 1 ' be high potential, discharge control valve Q1 ' and charging control valve Q2 ' are in conducting state, the working method of circuit can be battery to load discharge, also can be that charger charges to battery; When protective circuit detects anomaly, when promptly overcharging, charging control end 3 ' output low level; When overdischarge or overcurrent, discharge control end 1 ' output low level, thus can cut off the charge or discharge loop, realize defencive function.But; for this series products such as picture electric tools; often need the above lithium battery series connection of two joints that operating voltage is provided; increase along with number of batteries; the privacy protection chip that two joints, three joints, four joint serial lithium batteries are also arranged on the market now is for five joints, six joints or the lithium battery that gets up of multi-section serial more, because the complexity of circuit increases; integrated circuit technology is subjected to certain restriction, does not also have special chip available.
The existing patent No. is the Chinese invention patent " guard method of multisection lithium battery series battery and circuit thereof " of ZL200410015330.4 (publication number is CN1655416A), its method is: each joint cell connects a voltage monitoring module, the voltage monitoring module to the sampling of the both positive and negative polarity current potential of corresponding cell, relatively, be signal with reference to current potential with detected conversion of signals for electrode potential by change-over circuit with battery pack; Current monitoring module samples battery pack loop current obtains electrode potential with battery pack and is charging, discharging current detection signal with reference to current potential, and single-chip microcomputer receives above-mentioned signal and controls charging control switch or the break-make of discharge control switch.Above-mentioned patent has overcome the problem of the charge and discharge protecting of tradition and the uncontrollable multisection lithium battery series connection of existing integrated protection chip, but adopt independent voltage sampling module to realize every batteries voltage sampling in the circuit, adopt simultaneously the current detection module of an independent design to carry out the current sampling of serial lithium battery again, comparatively complicated; It is many that circuit relates to components and parts, the cost height; And the lithium battery protection circuit in the above-mentioned patent does not have the equalizing charge function, may stop charging after being full of electricity once the joint lithium battery, influences the charging capacity of serial lithium battery group, therefore, awaits to do further improvement.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is that a kind of charge-discharge protection circuit of being realized the multi-section serial lithium battery of low-cost and low-power consumption by single-unit li-ion cell protection chip portfolio is provided at above-mentioned prior art present situation.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: the charge-discharge protection circuit of this multisection lithium battery includes
By at least two joints lithium battery (BT1, the BT2 of mutual series connection successively ... BTn) the lithium battery group of Zu Chenging, wherein, with the pairing joint lithium battery of the negative pole of lithium battery group is first segment lithium battery (BT1), and saving lithium battery with anodal pairing one of lithium battery group is final section lithium battery (BTn);
Control signal integrated circuit (11), be serially connected in the positive and negative end of described lithium battery group, be used for and take from described lithium battery (BT1, BT2 ... BTn) charge and discharge sampling voltage is converted to the charge and discharge voltage detection signal that can realize discharging and recharging the control switch break-make;
Charge/discharge control circuit (12) has a discharge control signal end (Fk), receives the discharge voltage detection signal from described control signal integrated circuit output, and then the break-make of control discharge control switch;
Charging control circuit (13) has a charging control signal end (Ck), receives the charging voltage detection signal from described control signal integrated circuit, and then the break-make of control charging control switch;
It is characterized in that: described charge/discharge control circuit (12) also has current sampling is carried out in a realization to described lithium battery group current controling end (Io); and; each saves described lithium battery (BT1; BT2 ... BTn) positive and negative end also is connected with a single-unit li-ion cell protection chip (IC1 who is used for lithium battery voltage and current sampling respectively; IC2 ... ICn); this protection chip (IC1; IC2 ... ICn) include first voltage input end (5); second voltage input end (6); discharge control end (1); charging control end (3) and current trigger end (2)
Wherein, each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) first voltage input end (5) is through first resistance (R1a, R2a ... Rna) link to each other with the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) second voltage input end (6) links to each other each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 with the negative pole of this section lithium battery of correspondence ... ICn) charging control end (3) and discharge control end (1) receive charge and discharge sampling voltage from described lithium battery as the input of described control signal integrated circuit (11);
And the current trigger end (2) of the pairing first protection chip (IC1) of described first segment lithium battery (BT1) connects described charge/discharge control circuit (12); and as the current controling end (Io) of this charge/discharge control circuit (12) and then control the break-make of described discharge control switch, all the other lithium batteries (BT2, BT3 ... BTn) pairing protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) connects the negative pole of this section lithium battery.
Described charging control circuit also includes the positive source input (Uc1) of charging control circuit, the power cathode input (Uc2) of charging control circuit and the output (Ct) of charging control circuit; Described charge/discharge control circuit (12) also includes the positive source input (Uf1) of charge/discharge control circuit, the power cathode input (Uf2) of charge/discharge control circuit and the output (Ft) of charge/discharge control circuit;
Wherein, positive source input (Uf1) signal of the positive source input (Uc1) of described charging control circuit (13) and described charge/discharge control circuit is taken from the described lithium battery of any joint (BT1, BT2 ... BTn) cathode voltage, the output of described charging control circuit (Ct) is through the discharge control switch ground connection of described charge/discharge control circuit (12), and the negative pole of negative input of described charge/discharge control circuit (Uf2) and described lithium battery group links to each other; When the lithium battery group was charged, the power cathode input (Uc2) of described charging control circuit (13) can be connected to the cathode output end (P-) of external charge device (14); When the lithium battery group was discharged, the output (Ft) of described charge/discharge control circuit (12) can connect external load (RL).In this programme; charging control switch and discharge control switch are because be to be serially connected on the same branch road; the break-make of charging control switch is subjected to the influence of discharge control switch; promptly press the signal code signal in case protect chip to detect overdischarge; discharge control switch ends; simultaneously, the current circuit of charging control switch is cut off, and charging control switch also ends.
In actual applications; can there be a kind of situation: on one side the i.e. lithium battery edge work that charges; user as mobile phone tends to simultaneously battery of mobile phone be charged under the start operating state; need discharge control switch in the lithium battery protection circuit and the charging control switch can separate work; so; the output of described charging control circuit (Ct) is direct ground connection also; therefore; charging control switch and discharge control switch are serially connected in respectively in two separate current circuits; in case discharge voltage is excessive or electric current when surpassing rated current; discharge control switch ends; lithium battery stops discharge; but charging control switch can still keep conducting, and charger can continue lithium cell charging.
For timely testing circuit temperature, prevent overheated work, the described lithium battery of any joint (BT1, BT2 ... also be serially connected with a normally closed Temperature protection switch (F2) between the positive source input (Uc1) of positive pole BTn) and the described charging control circuit (13) that is attached thereto or the positive source input (Uf1) of described charge/discharge control circuit.In case temperature is too high, normally closed Temperature protection switch (F2) will disconnect, in time protective circuit components and parts or prevent that lithium battery from exploding because temperature is too high.
Because being series connection, all lithium batteries are the lithium battery group; current signal only need be protected the current trigger end (2) of chip (IC1) to get from first segment and get final product; the current trigger end (2) of all the other protection chips generally is the negative pole that directly connects this section lithium battery; but; because the inherent shortcoming of this single-unit protection chip; discharge control end (1) when being output as low level when the protection chip; the current trigger end (2) of this protection chip (being the negative pole of this batteries) over the ground produces tens of microamperes leakage current; leakage current will cause scrapping of battery for a long time; therefore; except that first segment protection chip (IC1); can protect the current trigger end (2) of chip and be connected in series little resistance resistance or switching tube accordingly between the cathode of lithium battery at all the other; when discharge control end (1) in a single day overturns to low level; switching tube ends, and avoids producing leakage current at current trigger end (2).
As preferably, can adopt following circuit structure to avoid protecting chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) at discharge control end (1) when being output as low level and make current trigger end (2) produce leakage current over the ground.Particularly, from the described second joint lithium battery, this lithium battery (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) Dui Ying protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) is through one second resistance (R1b, R2b ... Rnb) negative pole with corresponding this section lithium battery links to each other.When discharge control end (1) is low level, can reduce the leakage current that current trigger end (2) flows to the negative pole of every joint lithium battery.
Above-mentioned resistance also can replace with switching tube, particularly, from the described second joint lithium battery, this lithium battery (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) Dui Ying protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) is respectively through a NPN type triode (Q1, Q2 ... Qn) or N channel field-effect pipe (T1, T2 ... Tn) negative pole with corresponding this section lithium battery links to each other, each described triode (Q1, Q2 ... Qn) base stage or each described field effect transistor (T1, T2 ... Tn) grid is subjected to corresponding protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) discharge control end (1) control, saving the pairing protection chip of lithium battery (IC2 from second, IC3 ... when discharge control end (1) ICn) was low level, switching tube ended; At protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... when discharge control end (1) ICn) is high level, the switching tube conducting.So in case the discharge control end (1) of protection chip is a low level, corresponding current trigger end (2) and this section cathode of lithium battery disconnect, and avoid producing leakage current.
Also be parallel with a delay electric capacity (Co) that prevents the moment impact electric current between the current trigger end (2) of the pairing first protection chip (IC1) of described first segment lithium battery (BT1) and the negative pole of described first segment lithium battery (BT1).When avoiding on rigidly connecting working power, the trigger protection chip prevents the misoperation of discharge control switch because the moment impact electric current is excessive.
Described control signal integrated circuit (11) can be for comprising the switching circuit of being made up of some field effect transistor, as preferably, this switching circuit corresponding each joint lithium battery (BT1, BT2 ... BTn) include first field effect transistor (T1a, the T2a of P raceway groove respectively ... Tna), second field effect transistor (T1b, the T2b of P raceway groove ... Tnb), the 3rd resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc), the 4th resistance (R1d, R2d ... Rnd) and the 5th resistance (R1e, R2e ... Rne)
Wherein, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) grid and corresponding protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) charging control end (3) links to each other, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) source electrode links to each other with the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) drain electrode one tunnel is through the 3rd resistance (R1c of correspondence, R2c ... Rnc) negative pole of connection this section lithium battery, another road is through the 4th resistance (R1d of correspondence, R2d ... Rnd) connect the charging control signal end (Ck) that connects described charging control circuit (13) for first node (A) altogether;
Each described second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) grid and corresponding protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) discharge control end (1) links to each other; second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) source electrode links to each other second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b with the positive pole of this section lithium battery of correspondence ... Tnb) drain electrode is through the 5th resistance (R1e, the R2e of correspondence ... Rne) connect the discharge control signal end (Fk) that connects described charge/discharge control circuit into Section Point (B) altogether.Above-mentioned control signal integrated circuit also can be realized by a single-chip microcomputer.
Because in giving the charging process of multi-section serial lithium battery; the time that is full of of every joint lithium battery has successively; usually; protective circuit stops charging when being full of having detected a joint lithium battery; charging circuit disconnects; when work, will cause some lithium battery under the underfill state, to discharge, influence the whole discharge capacity and the useful life of lithium battery group.After adopting the described control signal integrated circuit of this programme, when a joint lithium battery is full of electricity earlier, the protection chip charging control end (3) of this joint lithium battery correspondence is a low level, the corresponding first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) conducting, make this section lithium battery and the 3rd corresponding resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc) current circuit that formation one is flowed to negative pole by lithium battery anode between, promptly this joint lithium battery begins discharge and voltage reduction, when this batteries voltage is reduced to a certain limit value (as 4.05V), protection chip charging control end (3) that should batteries is recovered high level, and charger continues battery charge; And all the other charge conditions that respectively save lithium battery also are so, and every joint lithium battery discharges when being full of, and after all lithium batteries all were full of, charging circuit just finally disconnected, and had realized the equalizing charge process of multisection lithium battery.
In order to guarantee the first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) when ending, described control signal integrated circuit is in charging control signal end (Ck) or the output of discharge control signal end (Fk) no signal, guarantee the reliable isolation of signal, at each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... also be serially connected with one first diode (D1a between the negative pole of drain electrode Tna) and this section lithium battery, D2a ... Dna), wherein, each described first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) negative electrode is directly or through the 3rd resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc) negative pole with this section lithium battery links to each other, each described first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) anode is through the 3rd resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc) or directly and the corresponding first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) drain electrode links to each other;
So; as arbitrary protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) charging control end (3) is when being output as high level; first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) end; because first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) buffer action; the output of charging control signal end (Ck) no signal; charging control switch is conducting, and the charging control circuit operate as normal also charges the battery.
In order to guarantee the conducting reliability of first field effect transistor, prevent that reverse current from disturbing, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) can be serially connected with one second diode (D1b between drain electrode and the first node (A), D2b ... Dnb), wherein, each second diode (D1b, D2b ... Dnb) negative electrode is directly or through the 4th resistance (R1d, R2d ... Rnd) link to each other each second diode (D1b with described first node (A), D2b ... Dnb) anode is through the 4th resistance (R1d, R2d ... Rnd) or directly and the corresponding first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) drain electrode links to each other.
Equally, in order to guarantee the conducting reliability of second field effect transistor, each described second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) also can be serially connected with one the 3rd diode (D1c between drain electrode and the described Section Point (B), D2c ... Dnc), wherein, each the 3rd diode (D1c, D2c ... Dnc) negative electrode is directly or through the 5th resistance (R1e, R2e ... Rne) link to each other each the 3rd diode (D1c with described Section Point (B), D2c ... Dnc) anode is through the 5th resistance (R1e, R2e ... Rne) or directly and the corresponding second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) drain electrode links to each other.
The described P raceway groove first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna), the P raceway groove second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) replace with the positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a respectively accordingly, Q2a ... Qna) and the positive-negative-positive second triode (Q1b, Q2b ... Qnb), each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) grid, drain electrode and source electrode be the first triode (Q1a respectively and correspondingly, Q2a ... Qna) base stage, the collector and emitter correspondence, each described second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) grid, drain electrode and source electrode be the second triode (Q1b respectively and correspondingly, Q2b ... Qnb) base stage, the collector and emitter correspondence, and, at each first triode (Q1a, Q2a ... Qna) base stage correspondingly is serially connected with the first biasing resistor (R11 respectively, R12 ... R1n), at each second triode (Q1b, Q2b ... Qnb) base stage correspondingly is serially connected with the second biasing resistor (R21 respectively, R22 ... R2n), the first biasing resistor (R11 here, R12 ... R1n) and the second biasing resistor (R21, R22 ... R2n) use as current-limiting resistance.
Because triode is a current controling element, the driving power consumption height of relative field effect transistor, in order to satisfy the power consumption needs of circuit, further amplified current signal, also include respectively and described each positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a, Q2a ... Qna) Dui Ying NPN type the 3rd triode (Q1c, Q2c ... Qnc), wherein, each described the 3rd triode (Q1c, Q2c ... collector electrode (the Q1a of each described first triode of base stage Qnc) and correspondence, Q2a ... Qna) link to each other, at the first triode (Q1a, Q2a ... Qna) collector electrode and the 3rd triode (Q1c, Q2c ... Qnc) be connected with the 3rd biasing resistor (R31 between the base stage, R32 ... R3n), each described the 3rd triode (Q1c, Q2c ... Qnc) emitter and the described first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) anode links to each other, the 3rd triode (Q1c, Q2c ... Qnc) collector electrode is through the first load resistance (R51, R52 ... R5n) positive pole of connection this section lithium battery.
When discharge control switch ends, lithium battery stops discharge, yet the control signal integrated circuit that adopts the parallel-connection structure switching branches still has voltage signal output at this moment, make and still have power consumption to exist on other elements of charge/discharge control circuit, therefore, can consider to adopt the switching branches of following cascaded structure, to realize break-make control to discharge control switch, physical circuit is: the P raceway groove second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) replace with NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb '), second field effect transistor (the T1b, T2b ... Tnb) grid, the drain electrode and source electrode respectively with corresponding N PN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') base stage, the emitter and collector correspondence, and, each NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') base stage is serially connected with the second biasing resistor (R21 respectively accordingly, R22 ... R2n);
Also include respectively and described each second triode (Q1b, Q2b ... Qnb) Dui Ying positive-negative-positive the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd), wherein, each NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') collector electrode and the 4th corresponding triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd) base stage links to each other, each described the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd) base stage also is serially connected with the 4th biasing resistor (R41, R42 ... R4n), and, the emitter of the collector electrode of back one the 4th triode and adjacent last the 4th triode links to each other and forms a serial connection branch road, the discharge control signal end (Fk) of described charge/discharge control circuit is connected on the collector electrode of first corresponding the 4th triode (Q1d) of the first segment lithium battery (BT1) of this series arm, at back one the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... also be serially connected with the second load resistance (R61 between the emitter of collector electrode Qnd) and last the 4th triode, R62 ... R6n).
So, lithium battery under the regular picture state, mutually the 4th triode (Q1d, the Q2d of serial connection ... Qnd) branch road is conducting, and discharge control switch is conducting also, the circuit operate as normal; When any one protects discharge control end (1) output low level of chip; at this moment; the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd) series arm disconnects; the output current of discharge control signal end (Fk) ends; the input of the input no signal of whole charge/discharge control circuit, on each element of charge/discharge control circuit since no current by and can not produce extra power consumption.
As preferably, described charge/discharge control circuit include one the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and one the 4th field effect transistor (
T4), wherein, the drain electrode of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) is through positive source input (Uf1) and any joint lithium battery (BT1, the BT2 of first load resistance (Rf) as this charge/discharge control circuit ... BTn) positive pole links to each other, the discharge control signal end (Fk) of the grid of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and described charge/discharge control circuit links to each other, described the 4th field effect transistor (
T4) drain electrode links to each other grid with described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode of the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the back altogether and links to each other as the power cathode input (Uf2) of described charge/discharge control circuit and the negative pole of described lithium battery group; the drain electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) is the output (Ft) of charge/discharge control circuit; another road is the current controling end (Io) of charge/discharge control circuit behind the self-locking resistance (Rx) of serial connection; at this moment, the current trigger end (2) of first segment protection chip (IC1) is the conducting internal resistance sampling from the 4th field effect transistor (T4).
Here; when the 4th field effect transistor (T4) is ended; self-locking resistance (Rx) guarantees that current trigger end (2) current potential of the first protection chip (IC1) can not reduce; still keep the triggering state; realize the self-locking of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) (being discharge control switch); and when the drain potential of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) raise, described self-locking resistance (Rx) can be used as a current-limiting resistance again, prevented that electric current is too high and punctured the first protection chip (IC1).
Consider the circuit fluctuation of current value in the course of the work; for fear of change the instability that causes triggering signal because of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) internal resistance; guarantee the accurate triggering of the current trigger end of protection chip; described charge/discharge control circuit also includes current-limiting resistance (Ry) and sample resistance (Rz); one end of described current-limiting resistance (Ry) links to each other with the source electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4); the other end is the current controling end (Io) of charge/discharge control circuit; described sample resistance (Rz) end links to each other the negative pole of the described first segment lithium battery of another termination (BT1) with the source electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4).Like this, the current trigger end (2) of first protection chip (IC1) just can not be subjected to the influence of the internal resistance of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) own when current sampling, guarantees that current trigger end (2) only just triggers when surpassing rated current.
The current trigger end (2) of described first segment protection chip can also be from the source electrode sampling of the 4th field effect transistor (T4); correspondingly; described charge/discharge control circuit includes the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the 4th field effect transistor (T4); self-locking resistance (Rx); current-limiting resistance (Ry) and sample resistance (Rz); wherein; the drain electrode of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the positive source input (Uf1) of described charge/discharge control circuit through first load resistance (Rf); the discharge control signal end (Fk) of the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and described charge/discharge control circuit links to each other; the source electrode of the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the negative pole of described lithium battery group; drain electrode links to each other the grid of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4) with described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) connects the negative pole of described lithium battery group behind described sample resistance (Rz); another road links to each other through the current trigger end (2) of described current-limiting resistance (Ry) and the described first protection chip (IC1), and also is parallel with described self-locking resistance (Rx) between the base stage of the drain electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3).
In order to guarantee that described charge/discharge control circuit can obtain the positive feedback signal from the 4th triode (T4) at discharge control signal end (Fk) (i.e. the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor (T3)), prevent the reverse flow of current signal, also be serially connected with a diode (Df) between the grid of described the three or three field effect transistor (T3) and the 4th field effect transistor (T4) drain electrode.
Increase along with the serial lithium battery joint number, the grid of charging control switch and source electrode both end voltage also increase thereupon, in order to guarantee the reliability of executive circuit, prevent too high voltage breakdown charging control switch, the grid of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and source electrode two ends can also be parallel with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1) and second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) respectively, and, described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3), the grid of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1), the negative electrode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects, and described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3), the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) then respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1), the anode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects.
As preferably, described charging control circuit includes the 5th field effect transistor (T5) and the 6th field effect transistor (T6), the drain electrode of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) is positive source input (Uc1) and any joint lithium battery (BT1 of described charging control circuit through second load resistance (Rc), BT2 ... BTn) positive pole links to each other, the grid of described the 6th field effect transistor (T6) links to each other with the drain electrode of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5), the drain electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) is the output (Ct) of described charging control circuit, and the source electrode of the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) and described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) connects the power cathode input (Uc2) that is described charging control circuit altogether.
In order to realize the self-protection of circuit; avoid because the excessive or battery short circuit of charging current; described charging control circuit also includes a unilateral diode (D) that is serially connected between the power cathode input (Uc2) of the source electrode of described the 6th field effect transistor (T6) and described charging control circuit; the anode of this unilateral diode (D) links to each other with the source electrode of described the 6th field effect transistor (T6), and the negative electrode of this unilateral diode (D) is the power cathode input (Uc2) of described charging control circuit.
Described unilateral diode (D) also replaces with resettable fuse (F), in case charging current is excessive, then resettable fuse promptly can cut off charge power supply, can recover conducting automatically again after electric current is normal.
Increase along with the serial lithium battery joint number, the grid of charging control switch and source electrode both end voltage also increase thereupon, in order to guarantee the reliability of executive circuit, prevent too high voltage breakdown charging control switch, the grid of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) and the 6th field effect transistor (T6) and source electrode two ends are parallel with one the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3) and the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) respectively, and, the 5th field effect transistor (T5), the grid of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) respectively accordingly with described the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3), the negative electrode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) connects, and the 5th field effect transistor (T5), the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) then respectively accordingly with described the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3), the anode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) connects.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that: fully use the single-unit li-ion cell protection chip that has been widely used at present, every joint lithium battery is cooperated a single battery protection chip, and cooperate field effect transistor and form an element loop; Each element loop comprises a sample circuit and a signaling conversion circuit, is used for monitoring the voltage of each joint lithium battery and exporting control signal; Again by by field effect transistor being charging/discharging voltage and the electric current that the executive circuit of core is totally controlled each lithium battery; as long as a joint lithium battery operating voltage that ought be wherein is too high or too low; when perhaps the operating current of lithium battery is too high; the charge or discharge switch of whole charging and discharging circuit will cut out; stop to discharge and recharge, to reach the purpose of protection lithium battery.
Since between the multisection lithium battery for being connected in series; therefore the monitoring of electric current only need be sampled with the current trigger end of first segment li-ion cell protection chip and be got final product; the current trigger end of all the other protection chips can be directly links to each other with the negative pole of this section lithium battery of this protection chip correspondence, perhaps connects the negative pole of this section lithium battery of correspondence after the current trigger end is connected in series a resistance.
This multisection lithium battery series connection protective circuit only just can realize charge and discharge protecting under the multisection lithium battery tandem working with single-unit li-ion cell protection chip; the reason of manufacturing process and cost overcome because can't realize the charge and discharge protecting of most amount serial lithium batteries with traditional li-ion cell protection chip; because single-unit li-ion cell protection chip can directly have been bought finished product from the market; need not otherwise designed; therefore, can be easy to construct the charge-discharge protection circuit of the above multisection lithium battery series connection of five joints.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the charge-discharge protection circuit of prior art with single-unit li-ion cell protection chip controls one joint lithium battery;
Fig. 2 is the theory diagram of multisection lithium battery charge-discharge protection circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is another theory diagram of multisection lithium battery charge-discharge protection circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structure chart one of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the structure chart two of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the structure chart three of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the structure chart four of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is the structure chart five of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the structure chart one of charge/discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 10 is the structure chart two of charge/discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 11 is the structure chart three of charge/discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 12 is the structure chart four of charge/discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 13 is the structure chart one of charging control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 14 is the structure chart two of charging control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 15 is the structure chart three of charging control circuit of the present invention;
Figure 16 is the charge-discharge protection circuit figure of the n joint lithium battery series connection of the embodiment of the invention one;
Figure 17 is the charge-discharge protection circuit figure of the n joint lithium battery series connection of the embodiment of the invention two;
The charge-discharge protection circuit figure of Figure 18 for connecting for the n joint lithium battery of the embodiment of the invention three.
Figure 19 is the charge-discharge protection circuit figure of the n joint lithium battery series connection of the embodiment of the invention four;
Figure 20 is the charge-discharge protection circuit figure of the n joint lithium battery series connection of the embodiment of the invention five;
Figure 21 is the charge-discharge protection circuit figure of the n joint lithium battery series connection of the embodiment of the invention six.
Embodiment
Embodiment describes in further detail the present invention below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
As shown in Figure 1, charge-discharge protection circuit for a joint lithium battery in the prior art, this circuit adopts single-unit li-ion cell protection chip, this protection chip has two inputs 5,6 that are used to gather lithium battery voltage, a current trigger end 2, and a charging control end 3 and a discharge control end 1, under normal circumstances, charging control end 3 and discharge control end 1 are high potential, N type discharge control valve Q1 ' and charging control valve Q2 ' are in conducting state, the working method of circuit can be battery to load discharge, also can be that charger charges to battery; When protective circuit detects anomaly, when promptly overcharging, charging control end 3 output low levels; When protective circuit detects overdischarge or detects overcurrent by current trigger end 2, discharge control end 1 output low level, thus can cut off the charge or discharge loop, realize defencive function.
Because in the practical application; use such as electric tool; often need the above lithium battery series connection of two joints that operating voltage is provided; employing single-unit li-ion cell protection chip can not be realized the protection to the multi-section serial lithium battery; and existing multisection lithium battery protection chip can only be controlled four joint lithium batteries at most; cost is higher, and the above serial lithium battery protection of five joints chip can't obtain at present especially.So the present invention is exactly the charge-discharge protection circuit of a suitable multi-section serial lithium battery that utilized the chip design of above-mentioned single-unit li-ion cell protection.
As Fig. 2, shown in Figure 3, the theory diagram for multisection lithium battery charge-discharge protection circuit of the present invention includes
By at least two joints lithium battery BTi (n=1,2 of mutual series connection successively ... n, n is an integer) the lithium battery group formed, wherein, with the pairing joint lithium battery of the negative pole of lithium battery group is first segment lithium battery BT1, and saving lithium battery with anodal pairing one of lithium battery group is final section lithium battery BTn;
Control signal integrated circuit 11 is serially connected in the positive and negative end of lithium battery group, and the charge and discharge sampling voltage that is used for taking from lithium battery BTi is converted to the charge and discharge voltage detection signal that can realize discharging and recharging the control switch break-make;
Charge/discharge control circuit 12, has a discharge control end Fk, reception is from the discharge voltage detection signal of described control signal integrated circuit output, and then the break-make of control discharge control switch, also has current sampling is carried out in a realization to described lithium battery group current controling end Io;
Charging control circuit 13 has a charging control end Ck, receives the charging voltage detection signal from described control signal integrated circuit, and then the break-make of control charging control switch.
Here, charging control circuit also includes the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit, the power cathode input Uc2 of charging control circuit and the output Ct of charging control circuit; Charge/discharge control circuit 12 also includes the positive source input Uf1 of charge/discharge control circuit, the power cathode input Uf2 of charge/discharge control circuit and the output Ft of charge/discharge control circuit;
The positive source input Uf1 of the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit is mainly charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit provides certain cut-in voltage, because the cut-in voltage of switching tube is generally lower, therefore, the positive source input Uf1 of the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit can be connected respectively to any joint lithium battery BTi (n=1,2 ... n, n are integer) positive terminal;
Wherein, the power cathode input Uc2 of charging control circuit 13 can be connected to the cathode output end P-of external charge device 14, and the output Ft of charge/discharge control circuit 12 can connect external load RL; The output Ct of charging control circuit can be through the discharge control switch ground connection of charge/discharge control circuit 12; referring to Fig. 2; at this moment; charging control switch and discharge control switch are serially connected on the same branch road, and the break-make of charging control switch is subjected to the influence of discharge control switch, promptly press the signal code signal in case protect chip to detect overdischarge; discharge control switch ends; simultaneously, the current circuit of charging control switch is cut off, and charging control switch also ends.The output Ct of charging control circuit is direct ground connection also, referring to Fig. 3, at this moment, charging control switch and discharge control switch are serially connected in respectively in two separate current circuits, in case discharge voltage is excessive or electric current when surpassing rated current, discharge control switch ends, and lithium battery stops discharge, but charging control switch can still keep conducting, and charger can continue lithium cell charging.
The main inventive point of present embodiment is: each positive and negative end that saves described lithium battery also is connected with a single-unit li-ion cell protection chip IC i (n=1 who realizes lithium battery voltage and current sampling respectively, 2 ... n, n is an integer), each joint protection chip ICi (n=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) include the leads ends of following function: first voltage input end 5, second voltage input end 6, discharge control end 1, charging control end 3 and current trigger end 2, so, present embodiment directly utilizes the current trigger end 2 of described protection chip to realize current sampling, need not other design current detection module, circuit structure is more simple;
Wherein, each protection chip ICi (n=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) first voltage input end 5 through the first resistance R ia (n=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) link to each other with the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each described protection chip ICi (n=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) second voltage input end 6 and the negative pole of corresponding this section lithium battery link to each other, each described protection chip ICi (n=1,2 ... n, n are integer) charging control end 3 and discharge control end 1 receive charge and discharge sampling voltage as the input of described control signal integrated circuit 11 from described lithium battery;
And; the current trigger end 2 of the pairing first protection chip IC1 of first segment lithium battery BT1 inserts charge/discharge control circuit 12; and as the break-make of the current controling end Io of this charge/discharge control circuit 12 and then control discharge control switch; all the other lithium battery BTi (n=2,3 ... n; n is an integer) pairing protection chip ICi (n=2,3 ... n, n are integer) current trigger end 2 connect the negative pole of this section lithium batteries.
The current trigger end 2 of the pairing first protection chip IC1 of first segment lithium battery BT1 and the negative pole two ends of first segment lithium battery BT1 also are parallel with a delay electric capacity Co who prevents the moment impact electric current.
As Fig. 4～shown in Figure 8, be four kinds of circuit structure diagrams of control signal integrated circuit of the present invention.
The circuit structure diagram one of control signal integrated circuit, referring to Fig. 4:
This control signal integrated circuit 11 can comprise the switching circuit of being made up of some field effect transistor, as preferably, corresponding each the joint lithium battery BTi (n=1 of this switching circuit, 2 ... n, n is an integer) include the positive-negative-positive first field effect transistor Tia (i=1 respectively, 2 ... n, n is an integer), the positive-negative-positive second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), the 3rd resistance R ic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), the 4th resistance R id (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) and the 5th resistance R ie (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein
Each second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) grid and corresponding protection chip ICi (n=2,3 ... n, n is an integer) discharge control end 1 link to each other, the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) source electrode and the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery link to each other, the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode through the 5th resistance R ie (i=1,2 of correspondence ... n, n are integer) meet the discharge control end Fk that connects charge/discharge control circuit into Section Point B altogether;
The grid of each first field effect transistor and corresponding protection chip ICi (n=2,3 ... n, n is an integer) charging control end 3 link to each other, each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) source electrode and the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery link to each other, each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode one tunnel through the 3rd resistance R ic (i=1 of correspondence, 2 ... n, n is an integer) connect the negative pole of this section lithium battery, another road is through the 4th resistance R id (i=1 of correspondence, 2 ... n, n are integer) meet the charging control end Ck that connects charging control circuit 13 into first node A altogether;
And, at each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode and the negative pole of this section lithium battery between also be serially connected with one first diode Dia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each first diode Dia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) negative electrode through the 3rd resistance R ic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) link to each other with the negative pole of this section lithium battery, each first diode Dia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode and the corresponding first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode directly link to each other.
So, when a joint lithium battery is full of electricity earlier, the protection chip charging control end 3 of this joint lithium battery correspondence is a low level, the corresponding first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) conducting, make this section lithium battery and the 3rd corresponding resistance R ic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) between form a current circuit that flows to negative pole by lithium battery anode, promptly this joint lithium battery begins discharge and voltage reduction, when this batteries voltage is reduced to a certain limit value (as 4.05V), protection chip charging control end 3 that should batteries is recovered high level, and charger continues battery charge; And all the other charge conditions that respectively save lithium battery also are so, and every joint lithium battery discharges when being full of, and after all lithium batteries all were full of, charging circuit just finally disconnected, and had realized the equalizing charge process of multisection lithium battery.
In addition, be serially connected in each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode and the first diode Dia (i=1,2 between the negative pole of this section lithium battery ... n, n is an integer) because the electric current one-way of diode, can guarantee the first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) when ending, described control signal integrated circuit guarantees the reliable isolation of signal in charging control signal end Ck or the output of discharge control signal end Fk no signal.
The circuit structure diagram two of control signal integrated circuit, referring to Fig. 5:
The difference of the circuit structure diagram of the control signal integrated circuit of structure chart one is among this circuit structure diagram two and Fig. 4: each described first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode and first node A between can be serially connected with one second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) negative electrode link to each other with described first node A directly or indirectly, each second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode directly or indirectly with the corresponding first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode link to each other.This second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) guaranteed the first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) the conducting reliability, prevent that reverse current from disturbing.
The circuit structure diagram three of control signal integrated circuit, referring to Fig. 6:
The difference of the circuit structure diagram of the control signal integrated circuit of structure chart one is among structure chart three and Fig. 4: each described second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode and described Section Point B between also can be serially connected with one the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) negative electrode link to each other with described Section Point B directly or indirectly, each the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode directly or indirectly with the corresponding second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode link to each other.The 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 in this structure chart three ... n, n is an integer) effect and structure chart two in the second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) effect identical, guaranteed the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the conducting reliability, prevent that reverse current from disturbing.
The circuit structure diagram four of control signal integrated circuit, referring to Fig. 7:
The difference of the circuit structure diagram of this circuit structure diagram and last control signal integrated circuit is: the first field effect transistor Tia (i=1 wherein, 2 ... n, n is an integer), the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) use the first triode Qia (i=1 of identical bias type respectively, 2 ... n, n is an integer) and the second triode Qib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) substitute, and, each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) grid, drain electrode and source electrode be the first triode Qia (i=1 respectively and correspondingly, 2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage, the collector and emitter correspondence, each second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) grid, drain electrode and source electrode be the second triode Qib (i=1 respectively and correspondingly, 2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage, the collector and emitter correspondence, at each first triode Qia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage correspondingly is serially connected with the first biasing resistor R1i (i=1 respectively, 2 ... n, n is an integer), at each second triode Qib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage correspondingly be serially connected with the second biasing resistor R2i (i=1 respectively, 2 ... n, n are integer).
In order to guarantee the conducting reliability of switching tube (triode or field effect transistor), prevent that reverse current from disturbing, each first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the drain electrode or the first triode Qia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) collector electrode and described first node A between be serially connected with one second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) negative electrode connect altogether and be first node A, each second diode Dib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode through the 4th resistance R id (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) and the corresponding first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode directly link to each other, guarantee that promptly electric current is from the first field effect transistor Tia (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode single flow direction first node A;
Each second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the drain electrode or the second triode Qib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) and described Section Point B between also be serially connected with one the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) negative electrode connect altogether and be Section Point B, each the 3rd diode Dic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode through the 5th resistance R ie (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) and the corresponding second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) drain electrode directly link to each other, guarantee that promptly electric current is from the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) drain electrode single flow direction Section Point B.
The circuit structure diagram five of control signal integrated circuit, referring to Fig. 8:
Control signal integrated circuit among Fig. 8 is the further optimization at Fig. 7 circuit structure diagram, because triode is a current controling element, with respect to wanting high as the field effect transistor power consumption of voltage controlled element, in order to satisfy the power consumption needs of circuit, further amplified current signal, so, at each first triode Qia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the also corresponding NPN type that is serially connected with the 3rd triode Qic (i=1 of back one-level, 2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each the 3rd triode Qic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the base stage and the collector electrode Qia (i=1 of each first triode accordingly, 2 ... n, n is an integer) link to each other, at the first triode Qia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) collector electrode and the 3rd triode Qic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage between be connected with the 3rd biasing resistor R3i (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), each the 3rd triode Qic (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the emitter and the first diode Dia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) anode link to each other, the 3rd triode Qi (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) collector electrode through the first load resistance R5i (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) connect the positive pole of this section lithium battery.
In addition, this circuit structure diagram is compared with Fig. 7, changed the parallel branch of control signal integrated circuit output discharge voltage detection signal into series arm, be specially: with the positive-negative-positive second triode Qib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) replace with the NPN type second triode Qib ' (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), simultaneously, at each second triode Qib (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) serial connection positive-negative-positive the 4th triode Qid (i=1 of back one-level correspondence, 2 ... n, n is an integer), wherein, each NPN type second triode Qib ' (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) collector electrode and the 4th corresponding triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage link to each other, each the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage also be serially connected with the 4th biasing resistor R4i (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer), and, the emitter of the collector electrode of back one the 4th triode and adjacent last the 4th triode links to each other and forms a serial connection branch road, the discharge control end Fk of charge/discharge control circuit is connected on the collector electrode of first the 4th triode Q1d of first segment lithium battery BT1 correspondence of this series arm, at back one the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) collector electrode and the emitter of last the 4th triode between also be serially connected with the second load resistance R6i (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer).
So, lithium battery under the regular picture state, mutual the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 of serial connection ... n, n are integer) branch road is conducting, discharge control switch is conducting also, the circuit operate as normal; When any one protects discharge control end 1 output low level of chip; at this moment; the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n; n is an integer) series arm disconnect; the output current of discharge control end Fk ends; the input of the input no signal of whole charge/discharge control circuit, on each element of charge/discharge control circuit since no current by and can not produce extra power consumption.
In the middle of the circuit structure diagram one to figure five of above-mentioned control signal integrated circuit; because being series connection, all lithium batteries are the lithium battery group; current signal only need be protected the current trigger end 2 of chip to get from first segment and get final product; the current trigger end 2 of all the other protection chips generally is the negative pole that directly connects this section lithium battery; but; after current trigger end 2 directly connects this section cathode of lithium battery; when producing certain leakage current during for low level at discharge control end 1; therefore; generation for fear of this leakage current; except that first segment protection chip; can protect the current trigger end 2 of chip and be connected in series little resistance resistance or switching tube accordingly between the cathode of lithium battery at all the other; when in a single day discharge control end 1 overturn to low level, switching tube ended, and avoided producing leakage currents at current trigger end 2.This control signal integrated circuit also can be realized with single-chip microcomputer.
As preferably; from the described second joint lithium battery BTi (i=2,3 ... n; n is an integer) rise; the pairing protection chip of this lithium battery ICi (i=2,3 ... n; n is an integer) current trigger end 2 through the second resistance R ib (i=1,2 of a little resistance ... n; n is an integer) link to each other with the negative pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, referring to Fig. 7.
Above-mentioned resistance also can replace with switching tube, particularly, from the described second joint lithium battery BTi (i=2,3 ... n, n is an integer) rise, the protection chip ICi (i=2 of this lithium battery correspondence, 3 ... n, n is an integer) current trigger end 2 respectively through a NPN type triode Qi (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) or N channel field-effect pipe Ti (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) link to each other with the negative pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each triode Qi (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) base stage or each field effect transistor Ti (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) grid be subjected to corresponding protection chip ICi (i=2,3 ... n, n are integer) discharge control end 1 control, at protection chip ICi (i=2,3 ... n, n is an integer) discharge control end 1 during for low level, switching tube ends; At protection chip ICi (i=2,3 ... n, n are integer) discharge control end 1 during for high level, the switching tube conducting.So in case the discharge control end 1 of protection chip is a low level, corresponding current trigger end 2 and this section cathode of lithium battery disconnect, and avoid producing leakage current.The concrete connected mode of switching tube (triode or field effect transistor) can be referring to Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Fig. 8, switching tube can be connected on the outside of control signal integrated circuit, also can directly utilize triode or field effect transistor in the control signal integrated circuit to use as the switching tube that is connected between current trigger end 2 and this section cathode of lithium battery.
As Fig. 9～shown in Figure 12, be four kinds of circuit structure diagrams of charge/discharge control circuit of the present invention.
The structure chart one of charge/discharge control circuit, referring to Fig. 9:
This charge/discharge control circuit includes one the 3rd field effect transistor T3 and one the 4th field effect transistor T4; wherein; the drain electrode of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 is through positive source input Uf1 and any joint lithium battery BTi (i=1 of the first load resistance Rf as this charge/discharge control circuit; 2 ... n; n is an integer) positive pole link to each other; the discharge control end Fk of the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 and charge/discharge control circuit links to each other; drain electrode links to each other the grid of the 4th field effect transistor T4 with the 3rd field effect transistor T3; the source electrode of the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor T4 and the 3rd field effect transistor T3 connects the back altogether and links to each other as the power cathode input Uf2 of charge/discharge control circuit and the negative pole of lithium battery group; the drain electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor T4 is the output Ft of charge/discharge control circuit; another road is the current controling end Io of charge/discharge control circuit behind the self-locking resistance R x of serial connection; at this moment, the current trigger end 2 of first segment protection chip IC1 is the drain electrode samplings from the 4th field effect transistor T4.
The structure chart two of charge/discharge control circuit, referring to Figure 10:
Charge/discharge control circuit among Figure 10 and the difference of Fig. 9 are: charge/discharge control circuit also includes current-limiting resistance Ry and sample resistance Rz, the end of current-limiting resistance Ry links to each other with the source electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor T4, the other end is the current controling end Io of charge/discharge control circuit, sample resistance Rz one end links to each other with the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor T4, the negative pole of the described first segment lithium battery of another termination BT1.
The structure chart three of charge/discharge control circuit, referring to Figure 11:
This circuit structure diagram and Fig. 9; the difference of Figure 10 is: the current trigger end 2 of first segment protection chip IC1 can also be from the source electrode sampling of the 4th field effect transistor T4; correspondingly; charge/discharge control circuit includes the 3rd field effect transistor T3; the 4th field effect transistor T4; self-locking resistance R x; current-limiting resistance Ry and sample resistance Rz; wherein; the drain electrode of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 connects the positive source input Uf1 of charge/discharge control circuit through the first load resistance Rf; the discharge control end Fk of the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 and charge/discharge control circuit links to each other; the source electrode of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 connects the negative pole of described lithium battery group; the grid of the 4th field effect transistor T4 links to each other with described the 3rd field effect transistor T3 drain electrode; the source electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor T4 connects the negative pole of lithium battery group behind described sample resistance Rz; another road links to each other through the current trigger end 2 of the described current-limiting resistance Ry and the first protection chip IC1, and also is parallel with described self-locking resistance R x between the base stage of the drain electrode of the 4th field effect transistor T4 and the 3rd field effect transistor T3.
The structure chart four of charge/discharge control circuit, referring to Figure 12:
This circuit structure diagram is on the basis of Figure 11, also is serially connected with a diode Df between the grid of the three or three field effect transistor T3 and the 4th field effect transistor T4 drain electrode.This diode Df guarantees that charge/discharge control circuit can obtain the positive feedback signal from the 4th triode T4 at discharge control end Fk (i.e. the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor T3), prevents the reverse flow of current signal.
As Figure 13～shown in Figure 15, be three kinds of circuit structure diagrams of charging control circuit of the present invention.
The circuit structure diagram one of charging control circuit, referring to Figure 13:
This charging control circuit includes the 5th field effect transistor T5 and the 6th field effect transistor T6, the drain electrode of the 5th field effect transistor T5 is positive source input Uc1 and any joint lithium battery BT1, the BT2 of charging control circuit through the 7th resistance R 7 ... the positive pole of BTn links to each other, the grid of the 6th field effect transistor T6 links to each other with the drain electrode of the 5th field effect transistor T5, the drain electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6 is the output Ct of charging control circuit, and the source electrode of the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6 and the 5th field effect transistor T5 meets the power cathode input Uc2 that is charging control circuit altogether.
The circuit structure diagram two of charging control circuit, referring to Figure 14:
The difference of this circuit structure diagram and Figure 13 is: this charging control circuit also includes a resettable fuse F, and resettable fuse F is serially connected between the power cathode input Uc2 of the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6 and charging control circuit.In case charging current is excessive, then resettable fuse promptly can cut off charge power supply, can recover conducting automatically again after electric current is normal.
The circuit structure diagram two of charging control circuit, referring to Figure 15:
On the basis of Figure 14, described resettable fuse F also can replace with unilateral diode D, the anode of this unilateral diode D links to each other with the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6, and the negative electrode of this unilateral diode D is the power cathode input Uc2 of charging control circuit.
As Figure 16～shown in Figure 21, be the specific embodiment that control signal integrated circuit, charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit among above-mentioned Fig. 4～Figure 15 is carried out obtain behind the various combination, include n joint lithium battery BT1, the BT2 of mutual series connection among these embodiment ... the lithium battery group that BTn forms, the positive pole of lithium battery group connects the anodal p+ of charger 14 power supplys, and the negative pole of lithium battery group connects the negative pole p-of charger power supply through the charge/discharge switching tube; And each joint lithium battery BTi (i=1; 2 ... n; n is an integer) have and be connected with one accordingly with R5402 type single-unit li-ion cell protection chip IC i (i=1; 2 ... n; n is an integer) be the sample circuit of core; this protection chip ICi (i=1; 2 ... n; n is an integer) can detect whether overrate of the voltage of every joint lithium battery when charge or discharge; and; because all lithium batteries are cascaded; can be with the current trigger end 2 of the pairing first protection chip IC1 of first segment lithium battery BT1 current sampling end as whole lithium battery group, be used to detect the electric current overrate whether that flows through the lithium battery group.
The operation principle of multisection lithium battery charge-discharge protection circuit of the present invention is described according to the particular circuit configurations figure of different embodiment below.
Figure 16 is embodiment one:
The lithium battery group is when charging; under the normal condition; each protection chip ICi (i=1,2 ... n; n is an integer) discharge control end 1 and charging control end 3 be high level; then the 3rd field effect transistor T3, the 5th field effect transistor T5 conducting; the anodal P+ of charger power supply connects the positive pole of lithium battery group, and the negative pole P-of charger power supply links to each other through the negative pole of the 4th field effect transistor T4, the 6th field effect transistor T6 and lithium battery group, has formed the charge circuit of a closure.
When a joint lithium battery wherein reaches when overcharging state; when surpassing set point such as lithium battery BT1 both end voltage; first voltage input end 5, second voltage output end 6 of protection chip IC1 detect this signal; the charging control end 3 of protection chip IC1 becomes low level, the first field effect transistor T1a conducting, and then the 3rd field effect transistor T3 conducting; so; the grid potential of the 6th field effect transistor T6 reduces, and the 6th field effect transistor T6 is by (being that the charge switch pipe is closed), and charge power supply stops battery charge.At this moment; if the voltage of other lithium battery does not also reach the charging voltage rated value; then lithium battery BT1 again can be by the 3rd resistance R 1c and first diode D1a discharge; when lithium battery BT1 both end voltage is put into set point (as 4.05V); the charging control end 3 of protection chip IC1 is got back to high level again; circuit recovers normal charging condition, so repeatedly, and till all lithium batteries all are full of electricity.
When lithium battery connects load RL work; the discharge prevention process of lithium battery and charge protection similar process; if any one protection chip ICi (i=1; 2 ... n; n is an integer) voltage input end detect this section lithium battery and force down in setting voltage value; then the discharge control end 1 of this protection chip becomes low level; with the second field effect transistor Tib (i=1 in the control signal integrated circuit that the discharge control end 1 of this protection chip links to each other; 2 ... n; n is an integer) conducting; and finally make discharge switch pipe (i.e. the 4th field effect transistor T4) close by charge/discharge control circuit, cut off discharge loop.
Since in the series circuit respectively to save the lithium battery electric current identical; therefore current detecting is as long as use current trigger end 2 samplings of the protection chip IC1 of first segment lithium battery BT1 correspondence; current trigger end 2 from the second protection chip that begin of joint lithium battery is connected in series the second resistance R ib (i=1,2 respectively ... n, n are integer) after connect the negative pole of corresponding this section lithium battery.Perhaps; also can will link to each other from the current trigger end 2 of the second protection chip that begin of joint lithium battery this section cathode of lithium battery by a switching tube and correspondence; and; this control end of switching tube protects the discharge control end 1 of chip to link to each other with corresponding each; promptly should discharge control end 1 when be low level, disconnection between the current trigger end 2 of the protection chip that the second joint lithium battery begins and this section cathode of lithium battery and leakage current.
So; when the current trigger end 2 of the first protection chip IC1 detects over-current signal; promptly concerning the lithium battery that is cascaded; the operating current of lithium battery group surpasses set point; the discharge control end 1 of the first protection chip IC1 becomes low level; the 4th field effect transistor T4 cuts off discharge loop by (being that the discharge switch pipe is closed).When over-current detection, because the current trigger end 2 of the first protection chip IC1 is obtained current signal from self conducting resistance of the 4th field effect transistor T4, at this moment, self-locking resistance R X is simultaneously as a current-limiting resistance; When the 4th field effect transistor T4 ended, self-locking resistance R X guaranteed that the current potential of the current trigger end 2 of the first protection chip IC1 can not reduce, and still keeps the triggering state, realizes the self-locking of the 4th field effect transistor T4 (being the discharge switch pipe).
In addition, in the present embodiment, as long as can satisfying the grid cut-in voltage of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 and the 5th field effect transistor T5, the voltage of the positive source input Uf1 of the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit all can, therefore, the positive source input Uf1 of the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit or charge/discharge control circuit can link to each other with the positive pole of any joint lithium battery, at this, the positive source input Uf1 of charge/discharge control circuit promptly links to each other with the positive pole of final section lithium battery BTn, and the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit then links to each other with the positive pole of the second joint lithium battery BT2.
Figure 17 is embodiment two, be on the basis of embodiment one, to have increased current-limiting resistance RY and the sample resistance RZ that is connected in the charge/discharge control circuit again, wherein, the end of current-limiting resistance RY links to each other with the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor T4 (discharge control switch), and the other end links to each other with the current trigger end 2 of the first protection chip IC1; Sample resistance RZ one end links to each other with the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor T4, the negative pole of another termination first lithium battery BT1.At this moment; the current trigger end 2 of the first protection chip IC1 directly obtains current signal from sample resistance RZ; with obtain current signal from self conducting resistance of the 4th field effect transistor T4 among the embodiment one and compare; the sampling current of embodiment two is not disturbed by the fluctuation of self conducting resistance of the 4th field effect transistor T4, the sampling better effects if.
Also increased by one in the present embodiment and postponed electric capacity C0, this current trigger end 2 that postpones electric capacity C0 one end and the first protection chip IC1 links to each other, and the other end links to each other with the negative pole of the first lithium battery BT1.Because circuit load moment on rigidly connecting; can trigger the first protection chip IC1 because the moment impact electric current is excessive; make the 4th field effect transistor T4 (discharge control switch) end; postpone the deadline that electric capacity C0 can delay control four field effect transistor T4 (discharge control switch), avoid the misoperation of the 4th field effect transistor T4 (discharge control switch pipe).
Increase along with the serial lithium battery joint number, the 3rd field effect transistor T3, the 4th field effect transistor T4, the grid voltage of the 5th field effect transistor T5 and the 6th field effect transistor T6 all can constantly raise, in order to guarantee the reliability of charge/discharge control circuit and charging control circuit, prevent the high-voltage breakdown field effect transistor, can also be respectively at the 3rd field effect transistor T3, the 4th field effect transistor T4, the grid of the 5th field effect transistor T5 and the 6th field effect transistor T6 and source electrode two ends voltage-stabiliser tube in parallel again, referring to Figure 16: promptly, at the 3rd field effect transistor T3, the 4th field effect transistor T4, the 5th field effect transistor T5, the grid of the 6th field effect transistor T6 respectively accordingly with the first voltage-stabiliser tube DZ1, the second voltage-stabiliser tube DZ2, the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube DZ3, the negative electrode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube DZ4 connects, and the 3rd field effect transistor T3, the 4th field effect transistor T4, the 5th field effect transistor T5, the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6 then respectively accordingly with the first voltage-stabiliser tube DZ1, the second voltage-stabiliser tube DZ2, the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube DZ3, the anode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube DZ4 connects.
In order to prevent because the overcurrent that battery or external circuit short circuit cause; can also be on the link circuit of the negative pole P-of charge power supply and the 6th field effect transistor T6 (being charging control switch) source electrode unilateral diode D of serial connection; make electric current can only flow to the negative pole P-of charge power supply through this unilateral diode D from the 6th field effect transistor T6 (being charging control switch) source electrode; and can not flow to the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor T6 from the negative pole P-of charge power supply; when charge power supply short circuit or electric current are excessive; can play and oppositely end protective effect, avoid burning out the 6th field effect transistor T6.
In addition; on embodiment one basis; positive source input Uc1 and second at charging control circuit saves between the positive pole of lithium battery BT2; and between the positive pole of the positive source input Uf1 of charge/discharge control circuit and final section lithium battery BTn, can be connected in series a normally closed Temperature protection switch F ' respectively; in case working temperature is too high; normally closed Temperature protection switch F ' will disconnect, in time protective circuit components and parts or lithium battery.
Figure 18 is embodiment three, in this embodiment, the positive source input Uf1 of the positive source input Uc1 of charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit connects altogether and is node C, be connected to the positive pole of final section lithium battery BTn then jointly, described normally closed Temperature protection switch F ' then can be serially connected between the positive pole of node C and final section lithium battery BTn.The difference of embodiment three and the foregoing description one and embodiment two is: the self-locking resistance R X among the embodiment one and two is connected between the drain electrode of the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor T3 and the 4th field effect transistor T4 (discharge control switch) as a feedback resistance, and, in this feedback loop, also be serially connected with a diode Df, form the positive feedback signal of a current signal from the 4th field effect transistor T4 to the three field effect transistor T3.
In the present embodiment, be serially connected in the negative pole P-of charge power supply and the 6th field effect transistor T6 (being charging control switch) source electrode between described unilateral diode D also can replace by a resettable fuse F, when external power supply is short-circuited, this resettable fuse F disconnects, in case electric current is normal, the conducting that resettable fuse F can automatic restoring circuit.
Figure 19 is embodiment four, the difference of present embodiment and above-mentioned several embodiment is: the field effect transistor that control signal is integrated in the electric current is replaced for the identical triode of bias type, and the 3rd field effect transistor T3 in charge/discharge control circuit and the charging control circuit and the 5th field effect transistor T5 are replaced with triode realize same function, the current work principle of the operation principle of circuit and previous embodiment is basic identical.
Because triode is a current controling element, the first order first triode Qia (i=1,2 in the present embodiment ... n, n is an integer) the base stage input current very little, therefore, at this first triode Qia (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) the back be connected in series one-level the 3rd triode Qic (i=1,2 again ... n, n are integer) as further current amplification circuit 111, reached the output current that satisfies the circuit working requirement;
And, the parallel branch of originally being made up of some field effect transistor has been changed into by the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n, n is an integer) series arm 112 formed, so, lithium battery is under the regular picture state, by the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 ... n, n are integer) series arm 112 formed is conductings, also conducting of discharge control switch (i.e. the 4th field effect transistor T4), the circuit operate as normal; When any one protects discharge control end 1 output low level of chip; at this moment; the 4th triode Qid (i=1,2 of corresponding any one protection chip ... n; n is an integer) series arm 112 disconnect; the output current of discharge control end Fk ends; the input of the input no signal of whole charge/discharge control circuit, on each element of charge/discharge control circuit since no current by and can not produce extra power consumption.
Figure 20 is embodiment five; present embodiment is that on embodiment two bases improves circuit structure diagram; the main distinction point of comparing with embodiment two is: the output Ct of charging control circuit directly links to each other with the negative pole of first segment lithium battery BT1; rather than be connected to the negative pole of first segment lithium battery BT1 by discharge control switch; thus; charging control circuit and charge/discharge control circuit are two circuit that work alone; the multisection lithium battery protective circuit can be discharged in charging; and; when in case the discharge voltage overrate of any joint lithium battery is arranged; the corresponding protection chip is in discharge control end 1 meeting output low level; so corresponding discharge control switch (i.e. the 4th field effect transistor T4) ends; charge/discharge control circuit disconnects; the lithium battery circuit stops discharge, at this moment, and charging control switch (i.e. the 6th field effect transistor T6) or conducting; charger can still continue lithium cell charging by charging control circuit, and is not subjected to the influence of discharge control switch.
Figure 21 is embodiment six, present embodiment then is the improvement circuit structure diagram on embodiment three bases, communicate with embodiment five, present embodiment six also is with the difference of embodiment three: the output Ct of charging control circuit directly links to each other with the negative pole of first segment lithium battery BT1, promptly disconnect at charge/discharge control circuit, when the lithium battery circuit stops to discharge, charging control switch (i.e. the 6th field effect transistor T6) or conducting, charger can still continue lithium cell charging by charging control circuit.
In embodiment five and embodiment six, the connected mode that the output Ct of charging control circuit directly links to each other with the negative pole of first segment lithium battery BT1 is applicable to embodiment four too, omits circuit diagram at this.

Claims (23)

1, a kind of charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery includes
By at least two joints lithium battery (BT1, the BT2 of mutual series connection successively ... BTn) the lithium battery group of Zu Chenging, wherein, with the pairing joint lithium battery of the negative pole of lithium battery group is first segment lithium battery (BT1), and saving lithium battery with anodal pairing one of lithium battery group is final section lithium battery (BTn);
Control signal integrated circuit (11), be serially connected in the positive and negative end of described lithium battery group, be used for and take from described lithium battery (BT1, BT2 ... BTn) charge and discharge sampling voltage is converted to the charge and discharge voltage detection signal that can realize discharging and recharging the control switch break-make;
Charge/discharge control circuit (12) has a discharge control signal end (Fk), receives the discharge voltage detection signal from described control signal integrated circuit output, and then the break-make of control discharge control switch;
Charging control circuit (13) has a charging control signal end (Ck), receives the charging voltage detection signal from described control signal integrated circuit, and then the break-make of control charging control switch;
It is characterized in that: described charge/discharge control circuit (12) also has current sampling is carried out in a realization to described lithium battery group current controling end (Io); and; each saves described lithium battery (BT1; BT2 ... BTn) positive and negative end also is connected with a single-unit li-ion cell protection chip (IC1 who is used for lithium battery voltage and current sampling respectively; IC2 ... ICn); this protection chip (IC1; IC2 ... ICn) include first voltage input end (5); second voltage input end (6); discharge control end (1); charging control end (3) and current trigger end (2)
Wherein, each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) first voltage input end (5) is through first resistance (R1a, R2a ... Rna) link to each other with the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) second voltage input end (6) links to each other each described protection chip (IC1, IC2 with the negative pole of this section lithium battery of correspondence ... ICn) charging control end (3) and discharge control end (1) receive charge and discharge sampling voltage from described lithium battery as the input of described control signal integrated circuit (11);
And the current trigger end (2) of the pairing first protection chip (IC1) of described first segment lithium battery (BT1) connects described charge/discharge control circuit (12); and as the current controling end (Io) of this charge/discharge control circuit (12) and then control the break-make of described discharge control switch, all the other lithium batteries (BT2, BT3 ... BTn) pairing protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) connects the negative pole of this section lithium battery.
2, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described charging control circuit also includes the positive source input (Uc1) of charging control circuit, the power cathode input (Uc2) of charging control circuit and the output (Ct) of charging control circuit;
Described charge/discharge control circuit (12) also includes the positive source input (Uf1) of charge/discharge control circuit, the power cathode input (Uf2) of charge/discharge control circuit and the output (Ft) of charge/discharge control circuit;
Wherein, positive source input (Uf1) signal of the positive source input (Uc1) of described charging control circuit (13) and described charge/discharge control circuit is taken from the described lithium battery of any joint (BT1, BT2 ... BTn) cathode voltage, the output of described charging control circuit (Ct) is through the discharge control switch ground connection of described charge/discharge control circuit (12), and the negative pole of negative input of described charge/discharge control circuit (Uf2) and described lithium battery group links to each other;
Be under the charged state in the lithium battery group, the power cathode input (Uc2) of described charging control circuit (13) and the cathode output end (P-) of external charge device (14) link to each other; Be under the discharge condition in the lithium battery group, the output (Ft) of described charge/discharge control circuit (12) links to each other with external load (RL).
3, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described charging control circuit also includes the positive source input (Uc1) of charging control circuit, the power cathode input (Uc2) of charging control circuit and the output (Ct) of charging control circuit;
Described charge/discharge control circuit also includes the positive source input (Uf1) of charge/discharge control circuit, the power cathode input (Uf2) of charge/discharge control circuit and the output (Ft) of charge/discharge control circuit;
Wherein, the positive source input (Uc1) of described charging control circuit (13) and the positive source input (Uf1) of described charge/discharge control circuit are connected the described lithium battery of any joint (BT1, BT2 respectively ... BTn) positive pole, the output of described charging control circuit (Ct) is ground connection directly, and the negative pole of negative input of described charge/discharge control circuit (Uf2) and described lithium battery group links to each other;
Be under the charged state in the lithium battery group, the power cathode input (Uc2) of described charging control circuit (13) and the cathode output end (P-) of external charge device (14) link to each other; Be under the discharge condition in the lithium battery group, the output (Ft) of described charge/discharge control circuit (12) links to each other with external load (RL).
4, according to the charge-discharge protection circuit of claim 2 or 3 described multisection lithium batteries, it is characterized in that: the described lithium battery of any joint (BT1, BT2 ... also be serially connected with a normally closed Temperature protection switch (F2) between the positive source input (Uc1) of positive pole BTn) and the described charging control circuit (13) that is attached thereto or the positive source input (Uf1) of described charge/discharge control circuit.
5, according to the charge-discharge protection circuit of claim 1,2 or 3 described multisection lithium batteries; it is characterized in that: from the described second joint lithium battery, this lithium battery (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) Dui Ying protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) is through one second resistance (R1b, R2b ... Rnb) negative pole with corresponding this section lithium battery links to each other.
6, according to claim 1, the charge-discharge protection circuit of 2 or 3 described multisection lithium batteries, it is characterized in that: from the described second joint lithium battery, this lithium battery (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) Dui Ying protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) current trigger end (2) is respectively through a NPN type triode (Q1, Q2 ... Qn) or N channel field-effect pipe (T1, T2 ... Tn) negative pole with corresponding this section lithium battery links to each other, each triode (Q1, Q2 ... Qn) base stage or each field effect transistor (T1, T2 ... Tn) grid is subjected to corresponding protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... ICn) discharge control end (1) control, at protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... when discharge control end (1) ICn) was low level, switching tube ended; At protection chip (IC2, IC3 ... when discharge control end (1) ICn) is high level, the switching tube conducting.
7, according to the charge-discharge protection circuit of claim 1,2 or 3 described multisection lithium batteries, it is characterized in that: also be parallel with a delay electric capacity (Co) that prevents the moment impact electric current between the current trigger end (2) of the pairing first protection chip (IC1) of described first segment lithium battery (BT1) and the negative pole of described first segment lithium battery (BT1).
8; charge-discharge protection circuit according to the described multisection lithium battery of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～3; it is characterized in that: described control signal integrated circuit (11) comprises the switching circuit of being made up of some field effect transistor; corresponding each the joint lithium battery (BT1 of this switching circuit; BT2 ... BTn) include the P raceway groove first field effect transistor (T1a respectively; T2a ... Tna); the P raceway groove second field effect transistor (T1b; T2b ... Tnb); the 3rd resistance (R1c; R2c ... Rnc); the 4th resistance (R1d; R2d ... Rnd) and the 5th resistance (R1e; R2e ... Rne)
Wherein, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) grid and corresponding protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) charging control end (3) links to each other, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) source electrode links to each other with the positive pole of corresponding this section lithium battery, each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) drain electrode one tunnel is through the 3rd resistance (R1c of correspondence, R2c ... Rnc) negative pole of connection this section lithium battery, another road is through the 4th resistance (R1d of correspondence, R2d ... Rnd) connect the charging control signal end (Ck) that connects described charging control circuit (13) for first node (A) altogether;
Each described second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) grid and corresponding protection chip (IC1, IC2 ... ICn) discharge control end (1) links to each other, second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) source electrode links to each other second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b with the positive pole of this section lithium battery of correspondence ... Tnb) drain electrode is through the 5th resistance (R1e, the R2e of correspondence ... Rne) connect the discharge control signal end (Fk) that connects described charge/discharge control circuit into Section Point (B) altogether;
At each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... also be serially connected with one first diode (D1a, D2a between the negative pole of drain electrode Tna) and this section lithium battery ... Dna), wherein, each described first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) negative electrode is directly or through described the 3rd resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc) negative pole with this section lithium battery links to each other, each described first diode (D1a, D2a ... Dna) anode is through described the 3rd resistance (R1c, R2c ... Rnc) or directly and corresponding first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) drain electrode links to each other.
9; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 8; it is characterized in that: each described first field effect transistor (T1a; T2a ... Tna) be serially connected with one second diode (D1b between drain electrode and the first node (A); D2b ... Dnb); wherein; each second diode (D1b; D2b ... Dnb) negative electrode is directly or through the 4th resistance (R1d; R2d ... Rnd) link to each other each second diode (D1b with described first node (A); D2b ... Dnb) anode is through the 4th resistance (R1d; R2d ... Rnd) or directly and the corresponding first field effect transistor (T1a; T2a ... Tna) drain electrode links to each other.
10; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 9; it is characterized in that: each described second field effect transistor (T1b; T2b ... Tnb) be serially connected with one the 3rd diode (D1c between drain electrode and the described Section Point (B); D2c ... Dnc); wherein; each the 3rd diode (D1c; D2c ... Dnc) negative electrode is directly or through described the 5th resistance (R1e; R2e ... Rne) link to each other each the 3rd diode (D1c with described Section Point (B); D2c ... Dnc) anode is through described the 5th resistance (R1e; R2e ... Rne) or directly and the corresponding second field effect transistor (T1b; T2b ... Tnb) drain electrode links to each other.
11; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 10; it is characterized in that: the described P raceway groove first field effect transistor (T1a; T2a ... Tna); the P raceway groove second field effect transistor (T1b; T2b ... Tnb) the corresponding respectively positive-negative-positive that the replaces with same type first triode (Q1a; Q2a ... Qna) and the positive-negative-positive second triode (Q1b; Q2b ... Qnb); each described first field effect transistor (T1a; T2a ... Tna) grid; drain electrode and source electrode be the positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a respectively and accordingly; Q2a ... Qna) base stage; the collector and emitter correspondence; each described second field effect transistor (T1b; T2b ... Tnb) grid; drain electrode and source electrode be the positive-negative-positive second triode (Q1b respectively and accordingly; Q2b ... Qnb) base stage; the collector and emitter correspondence; and; at each positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a; Q2a ... Qna) base stage is serially connected with the first biasing resistor (R11 respectively accordingly; R12 ... R1n), at each positive-negative-positive second triode (Q1b; Q2b ... Qnb) base stage is serially connected with the second biasing resistor (R21 respectively accordingly; R22 ... R2n).
12; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 11; it is characterized in that: also include respectively and described each positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a; Q2a ... Qna) Dui Ying NPN type the 3rd triode (Q1c; Q2c ... Qnc); wherein; each described the 3rd triode (Q1c; Q2c ... collector electrode (the Q1a of each described first triode of base stage Qnc) and correspondence; Q2a ... Qna) link to each other; at the first triode (Q1a; Q2a ... Qna) collector electrode and the 3rd triode (Q1c; Q2c ... Qnc) be connected with the 3rd biasing resistor (R31 between the base stage; R32 ... R3n); each described the 3rd triode (Q1c; Q2c ... Qnc) emitter and the described first diode (D1a; D2a ... Dna) anode links to each other, the 3rd triode (Q1c; Q2c ... Qnc) collector electrode is through the first load resistance (R51; R52 ... R5n) positive pole of connection this section lithium battery.
13, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: the described P raceway groove first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) replace with the positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a, Q2a ... Qna), the described P raceway groove second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) replace with NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb '), each described first field effect transistor (T1a, T2a ... Tna) grid, drain electrode and source electrode be the positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a respectively and accordingly, Q2a ... Qna) base stage, the collector and emitter correspondence, each described second field effect transistor (T1b, T2b ... Tnb) grid, the drain electrode and source electrode respectively with corresponding N PN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') base stage, the emitter and collector correspondence, and, at each positive-negative-positive first triode (Q1a, Q2a ... Qna) base stage is serially connected with the first biasing resistor (R11 respectively accordingly, R12 ... R1n), each NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') base stage is serially connected with the second biasing resistor (R21 respectively accordingly, R22 ... R2n);
Also include respectively and described each second triode (Q1b, Q2b ... Qnb) Dui Ying positive-negative-positive the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd), each NPN type second triode (Q1b ', Q2b ' ... Qnb ') collector electrode and the 4th corresponding triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd) base stage links to each other, each described the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... Qnd) base stage also is serially connected with the 4th biasing resistor (R41, R42 ... R4n), and, the emitter of the collector electrode of back one the 4th triode and adjacent last the 4th triode links to each other and forms a serial connection branch road, the discharge control signal end (Fk) of described charge/discharge control circuit is connected on the collector electrode of first corresponding the 4th triode (Q1d) of the first segment lithium battery (BT1) of this series arm, at back one the 4th triode (Q1d, Q2d ... also be serially connected with the second load resistance (R61 between the emitter of collector electrode Qnd) and last the 4th triode, R62 ... R6n).
14; charge-discharge protection circuit according to the described multisection lithium battery of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～3; it is characterized in that: described charge/discharge control circuit includes one the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and one the 4th field effect transistor (T4); wherein; the drain electrode of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) is through positive source input (Uf1) and any joint lithium battery (BT1 of first load resistance (Rf) as this charge/discharge control circuit; BT2 ... BTn) positive pole links to each other; the discharge control signal end (Fk) of the grid of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and described charge/discharge control circuit links to each other; drain electrode links to each other the grid of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4) with described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode of the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the back altogether and links to each other as the power cathode input (Uf2) of described charge/discharge control circuit and the negative pole of described lithium battery group; the drain electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) is the output (Ft) of charge/discharge control circuit, and another road is the current controling end (Io) of charge/discharge control circuit behind the self-locking resistance (Rx) of serial connection.
15, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 14; it is characterized in that: described charge/discharge control circuit also includes current-limiting resistance (Ry) and sample resistance (Rz); one end of described current-limiting resistance (Ry) links to each other with the source electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4); the other end is the current controling end (Io) of charge/discharge control circuit; described sample resistance (Rz) end links to each other the negative pole of the described first segment lithium battery of another termination (BT1) with the source electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4).
16; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 14; it is characterized in that: the grid of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and source electrode two ends also are parallel with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1) and second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) respectively; and; described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the grid of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1); the negative electrode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects, and described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) then respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1); the anode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects.
17; charge-discharge protection circuit according to the described multisection lithium battery of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～3; it is characterized in that: described charge/discharge control circuit includes the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the 4th field effect transistor (T4); self-locking resistance (Rx); current-limiting resistance (Ry) and sample resistance (Rz); wherein; the drain electrode of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the positive source input (Uf1) of described charge/discharge control circuit through first load resistance (Rf); the discharge control signal end (Fk) of the grid of the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and described charge/discharge control circuit links to each other; the source electrode of the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) connects the negative pole of described lithium battery group; drain electrode links to each other the grid of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4) with described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode one tunnel of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) connects the negative pole of described lithium battery group behind described sample resistance (Rz); another road links to each other through the current trigger end (2) of described current-limiting resistance (Ry) and the described first protection chip (IC1), and between the base stage of the drain electrode of described the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and and be connected to described self-locking resistance (Rx).
18, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 17 is characterized in that: also be serially connected with a diode (Df) between the grid of described the three or three field effect transistor (T3) and the 4th field effect transistor (T4) drain electrode.
19; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 17; it is characterized in that: the grid of described the 3rd field effect transistor (T3) and the 4th field effect transistor (T4) and source electrode two ends are parallel with one first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1) and second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) respectively; and; the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the grid of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1); the negative electrode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects, and the 3rd field effect transistor (T3); the source electrode of the 4th field effect transistor (T4) then respectively accordingly with first voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ1); the anode of second voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ2) connects.
20; charge-discharge protection circuit according to the described multisection lithium battery of arbitrary claim in the claim 1～3; it is characterized in that: described charging control circuit includes the 5th field effect transistor (T5) and the 6th field effect transistor (T6); the drain electrode of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) is positive source input (Uc1) and any joint lithium battery (BT1 of described charging control circuit through second load resistance (Rc); BT2 ... BTn) positive pole links to each other; the grid of described the 6th field effect transistor (T6) links to each other with the drain electrode of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5); the drain electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) is the output (Ct) of described charging control circuit, and the source electrode of the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) and described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) connects the power cathode input (Uc2) that is described charging control circuit altogether.
21, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 20; it is characterized in that: described charging control circuit also includes a unilateral diode (D); the anode of this unilateral diode (D) links to each other with the source electrode of described the 6th field effect transistor (T6), and the negative electrode of this unilateral diode (D) is the power cathode input (Uc2) of described charging control circuit.
22, the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 21 is characterized in that: described unilateral diode (D) replaces with resettable fuse (F).
23; the charge-discharge protection circuit of multisection lithium battery according to claim 20; it is characterized in that: the grid of described the 5th field effect transistor (T5) and the 6th field effect transistor (T6) and source electrode two ends are parallel with one the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3) and the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) respectively; and; the 5th field effect transistor (T5); the grid of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) respectively accordingly with described the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3); the negative electrode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) connects, and the 5th field effect transistor (T5); the source electrode of the 6th field effect transistor (T6) then respectively accordingly with described the 3rd voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ3); the anode of the 4th voltage-stabiliser tube (DZ4) connects.
CN2008101771398A 2008-01-02 2008-12-02 Charge-discharge protection circuit for a plurality of lithium batteries Expired - Fee Related CN101534017B (en)

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