CN103872655A - Charging battery protecting circuit and control method of protecting circuit - Google Patents
Charging battery protecting circuit and control method of protecting circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN103872655A CN103872655A CN201410116304.4A CN201410116304A CN103872655A CN 103872655 A CN103872655 A CN 103872655A CN 201410116304 A CN201410116304 A CN 201410116304A CN 103872655 A CN103872655 A CN 103872655A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a charging battery protecting circuit and a control method of the protecting circuit. A charging battery comprises one or more single battery bodies. The protecting circuit comprises a single chip microcomputer, a fuse fusing circuit, a voltage sampling module and a switching tube driving module. The voltage sampling module is controlled by the single chip microcomputer to start or stop voltage sampling of the charging battery and transmit voltage data to the single chip microcomputer. The switching tube driving module can receive a control signal of the single chip microcomputer and control a switching tube to act to conduct the fuse fusing circuit and fuse a fuse. The invention further discloses a control method of the protecting circuit. A topological structure of a traditional protection scheme is changed by the charging battery protecting circuit, a power switch tube is arranged outside a battery charging and discharging circuit and the battery charging and discharging circuit is connected with the fuse. The reliability is improved to some degree and cost of materials is also greatly reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to battery technology field, particularly relate to a kind of protective circuit and control method thereof of rechargeable battery.
Background technology
The use of secondary power battery is more and more general; as electric bicycle etc. all needs rechargeable battery; in the time of the discharging and recharging of battery; need to carry out charge and discharge protecting to it; traditional battery protection scheme; mainly be made up of voltage detecting circuit, current detection circuit, power switch driver circuit and power switch, wherein power switch is generally power MOS pipe.Due to the consideration of cost and power consumption, most power MOS pipes drive do simpler and cruder, battery is worked under complex load environment, because MOS drives processing bad, be generally and realize low-power consumption and adopt the poor weak upper pull down resistor of driving force to drive, the very easily impaired inefficacy of power MOS pipe, causes whole protective circuit to lose efficacy; Power MOS pipe is connected on charging and discharging circuit simultaneously, produces larger thermal power when battery charging and discharging, and to stack battery, heat radiation makes troubles.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is for the technological deficiency existing in prior art, and a kind of protective circuit and control method thereof of rechargeable battery are provided.
For realizing the technical scheme that object of the present invention adopts be:
A protective circuit for rechargeable battery, described rechargeable battery comprises one or more battery cells, comprises single-chip microcomputer,
Fuse melting loop, it comprises diode D3, switching tube and fuse, described diode D3 anode is connected with rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node through fuse, the negative electrode of diode D3 is connected with switching tube, the other end of described switching tube is connected with the negative pole of rechargeable battery or the second series connection node, between the first described series connection node and the second series connection node, be serially connected with at least one battery cell, and the voltage of the first series connection node is higher than the second described series connection node voltage; Voltage sample module, it is subject to Single-chip Controlling start or stop the voltage sample of rechargeable battery and voltage data is sent to single-chip microcomputer, switching tube driver module, it can receive Single-chip Controlling signal and control described switching tube action with by the conducting of fuse melting loop and by blown fuse.In the time selecting the first series connection node and the second series connection node, consider the operating voltage of switching tube, its setting position can be selected arbitrarily., can the battery cell of any amount be included in fusing loop by operating mode.
Described voltage sample module comprises a N channel field-effect pipe M1 and the 5th P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5, single-chip microcomputer gather control output end through successively series connection the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 after be communicated with the negative pole of rechargeable battery, between grid access the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 of a described N channel field-effect pipe M1, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole through the 11 resistance R 11 and the tenth resistance R 10 of series connection successively, source electrode is communicated with battery cathode, between grid access the tenth resistance R the 10 and the 11 resistance R 11 of the 5th described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5, source electrode is communicated with rechargeable battery is anodal, drain electrode through successively series connection R1 and R2 after access battery cathode, the voltage acquisition termination of described single-chip microcomputer enters between the first resistance R 1 and the second resistance R 2.
Described switching tube is the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3, described switching tube driver module comprises the 4th N channel field-effect pipe M4 and the second P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2, single-chip microcomputer insurance control output end is communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery after the 8th resistance R 8 of series connection successively and the 9th resistance R 9, between grid access the 8th resistance R 8 and the 9th resistance R 9 of the 4th described N channel field-effect pipe M4, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node through the 6th resistance R 6 and the 5th resistance R 5 of series connection successively, source electrode is communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery, between grid access the 5th resistance R 5 and the 6th resistance 6 of the second described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2, source electrode is communicated with rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node, drain electrode is communicated with the anode of switching diode D2, the 3rd described N channel field-effect pipe M3 grid is communicated with through the negative electrode of the 12 resistance R 12 and switching diode D2, source electrode is communicated with diode D3 negative electrode, drain electrode is communicated with the second described series connection node.
Also comprise bleeder resistance R7, described bleeder resistance R7 one end is connected to the negative electrode of switching diode D2, and the other end is communicated with the second described series connection node.
The voltage difference of described anodal or the first series connection node and the second described series connection node is at 8-20V.
Described fuse is connected between the battery cell between the first series connection node and the second series connection node.
A control method for protective circuit as claimed in claim 1, comprises the following steps,
1) single-chip microcomputer is by preset frequency start signal output voltage sample module and gather voltage;
2) single-chip microcomputer will gather voltage and predeterminated voltage comparison, if do not export in normal range (NR), if exceed export insurance control signal carry out next step of normal range (NR);
3) switching tube driver module receive insurance control signal and by the conducting of fuse melting loop with by blown fuse.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
Secondary battery protective circuit of the present invention changes the topological structure of traditional protection scheme, and power switch pipe is placed in outside battery charging and discharging loop, and battery charging and discharging loop connects fuse, and reliability promotes to some extent, and material cost also reduces greatly.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows that single chip computer architecture schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the circuit connection diagram of the voltage sample module of secondary battery protective circuit.
Fig. 3 is the circuit line graph of switching tube driver module first embodiment of the protective circuit of rechargeable battery;
Fig. 4 is the circuit line graph of switching tube driver module second embodiment of the protective circuit of rechargeable battery.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein, only in order to explain the present invention, is not intended to limit the present invention.
The first embodiment
As Figure 1-3, secondary battery protective circuit of the present invention, comprise single-chip microcomputer U1, fuse melting loop, voltage sample module and switching tube driver module, the inner 12-Bit ADC of single-chip microcomputer module, described fuse melting loop comprises the diode D3 being in series, the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3 and fuse F1, described diode D3 anode is rechargeable battery positive pole with battery output cathode OUT+(after series connection fuse F1) be connected, negative electrode is connected with the drain electrode of the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3, the source electrode of the 3rd described N channel field-effect pipe M3 and the negative pole of rechargeable battery join, described fuse F1 is connected between rechargeable battery positive pole and battery output cathode.; between described rechargeable battery positive pole and the second series connection node, be serially connected with several battery cells; as 3; B1-B3; like this; in the time of the controlled conducting of the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3 as switching tube, be clipped in battery cell, fuse and diode D3 between anodal and the second series connection node of rechargeable battery and form short-circuit loop with by blown fuse.
Its sampled voltage that can collect according to voltage acquisition module of described single-chip microcomputer and default reference voltage compare whether charge and discharge voltage normal; depart from normal range of operation when gathering cell voltage, it can make the loop short circuit of fuse place protect with fuse wire by the action of switching tube driver module.Wherein, it should be noted that, rechargeable battery is preferably electrokinetic cell, as battery of electric vehicle or automobile batteries etc., described rechargeable battery is formed by the connection in series-parallel of many Battery packs group, also can be battery cell, it is to be noted, in the present invention, the rechargeable battery of indication can be a complete battery, also can be the battery cell of certain several series connection of rechargeable battery, also can be a battery cell, , this protective circuit can be protected rechargeable battery entirety, also can protect the battery pack of indivedual several series connection, that is to say, a rechargeable battery can comprise one or more than one battery protecting circuit of the present invention.
The present invention carries out exemplary illustrated as an example of an integral battery door example.
Wherein, voltage sample module is subject to Single-chip Controlling start or stop the voltage sample of rechargeable battery and voltage data is sent to single-chip microcomputer, described voltage sample module comprises a N channel field-effect pipe M1 and the 5th P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5, single-chip microcomputer gather control output end through successively series connection the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 after be communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery, between grid access the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 of a described N channel field-effect pipe M1, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole through the 11 resistance R 11 and the tenth resistance R 10 of series connection successively, source electrode is communicated with battery cathode, between grid access the tenth resistance R the 10 and the 11 resistance R 11 of the 5th described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5, source electrode is communicated with rechargeable battery is anodal, drain electrode through successively series connection R1 and R2 after access battery cathode, the voltage acquisition termination of described single-chip microcomputer enters between the first resistance R 1 and the second resistance R 2.In the time of work, single-chip microcomputer carries out voltage acquisition by preset frequency, and a N channel field-effect pipe is controlled by single-chip microcomputer, at starting resistor sampling front opening the one N channel field-effect pipe M1, voltage sample finishes to close a N channel field-effect pipe M1, stops sampling, can effectively reduce like this system power dissipation.Meanwhile, adopt series-parallel R11, R10 between two, R1 and R2, can effectively reduce the leakage current of point hydraulic circuit, to the advantage of bringing of depositing of battery.Discrete sampling simultaneously and the time beyond sampling are turn-offed a point hydraulic circuit, and now leakage current almost can have been ignored, and then reduce the comprehensive leakage stream in this loop, improve cell integrated performance.
In the time that sampled voltage is abnormal, described single-chip microcomputer export insurance control signal, described switching tube driver module can receive the insurance control signal of single-chip microcomputer and by the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3 conducting, the second described series connection node is any series connection node beyond rechargeable battery positive pole, if any the battery of 10 battery cell the present embodiment in series, just very total positive pole of rechargeable battery, the second series connection node is the positive pole of the 7th battery, specifically, described switching tube driver module comprises the 4th N channel field-effect pipe M4 and the second P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2, single-chip microcomputer insurance control output end is communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery after the 8th resistance R 8 of series connection successively and the 9th resistance R 9, between grid access the 8th resistance R 8 and the 9th resistance R 9 of the 4th described N channel field-effect pipe M4, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole through the 6th resistance R 6 and the 5th resistance R 5 of series connection successively, source electrode is communicated with battery cathode, between grid access the 5th resistance R 5 and the 6th resistance 6 of the second described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2, source electrode is communicated with anode, drain electrode is communicated with the anode of switching diode D2, the negative electrode of described switching diode D2 is connected to the 3rd described N channel field-effect pipe M3 grid to realize its switch control after the 12 resistance R 12 of series connection.
Wherein, be to ensure the simplest metal-oxide-semiconductor Drive Structure, the second series connection node P2 selects to ensure that rechargeable battery cathode voltage BAT+ and the second series connection node voltage MIDSELL+ voltage is advisable at 8V-20V.Described diode D3 is Schottky barrier diodes, in order to prevent the externally output separately of part series-connected cell.Described diode D2 is switching diode, and in order to lifting switch speed, anti-driving stage is by the anti-voltage of filling with, and the 12 described resistance R 12 use are in case drive ring.
Preferably, protective circuit of the present invention also comprises bleeder resistance R7, and described bleeder resistance R7 one end is connected to the negative electrode of switching diode D2, and the other end is communicated with described series connection node.After fault is got rid of, single-chip microcomputer detects that cell voltage recovers normal, can turn-off M4; through coupling drive circuit; M3 is turned off, and M2 closes and has no progeny, and M3 grid is equal to unsettled; current potential is drop-down by R7; be interpolar charge discharging resisting, M3 gate-source voltage is less than self conducting voltage, and M3 is turned off; then Global Macros circuit reset is rewirable fuse.
As an example of collection battery total voltage example, its course of work is set forth to explanation below, the anodal BAT+ of rechargeable battery, negative electrode of chargeable battery BAT-is series-connected cell incoming end, battery output cathode OUT+, negative electrode of chargeable battery BAT-is battery charging and discharging negative pole incoming end, single-chip microcomputer is according to fixed frequency, as 5Hz, the collection control output end of single-chip microcomputer, as a high level of 12 pin outputs makes M1 conducting, then the bleeder circuit that R10 and R11 form forms loop, now between grid source electrode for negative pressure M5 be switched on, after M5 conducting, because of R1 and R2 formation sample circuit, between R1 and R2, carry out voltage acquisition and be passed to the voltage acquisition end of single-chip microcomputer, as 16 pins, single-chip microcomputer compares according to the voltage signal that collects and preset voltage whether charge and discharge voltage normal, if be normally failure to actuate and stop sampling, depart from normal range of operation if gather cell voltage, need to be protected time, single-chip microcomputer is by insurance control end, as a high level of 11 pin outputs, make M4 conducting, then make M2 conducting, and then driving M3 conducting, BAT+, F1, OUT+, D3, M3, MIDSELL+ and part series-connected cell monomer form battery short circuit loop, F1 is fused, battery charging and discharging path is thoroughly cut off, prevent that battery from further being overcharged or excessively put, protection cell safety.Now, be also a prompting to battery user, need be to battery charger, load and battery are investigated itself.After fault is got rid of, single-chip microcomputer voltage sampling judge whether voltage recovers normally again, if detect, cell voltage recovers normally, can turn-off M4, through coupling drive circuit, M3 is turned off, again change fuse, it is normal that recover in battery charging and discharging loop, can continue to use.
The second embodiment
As shown in Figure 4, in the present embodiment, the first series connection node P1 beyond the anode access rechargeable battery positive pole of described diode D3, fuse F1 is connected between the adjacent battery cell in two, the first series connection node place simultaneously, , the first series connection node substitutes the effect of rechargeable battery positive pole, correspondingly, than the first embodiment, the source electrode of the 5th resistance R 5 and the second P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2 all accesses the first series connection node P1, and the second series connection node P2, the selection of each series connection node only need meet the operating voltage range of M3 grid source electrode, can realize the present invention equally like this, physical circuit and control are similar to the above embodiments, no longer launch to describe at this.Certainly, described fuse can be connected on the optional position in fuse melting loop.
Secondary battery protective circuit of the present invention, broken away from the loop topology structure of conventional batteries protection, power switch pipe is beyond battery charging and discharging loop, and only in the time of protection action, just the short time works, the accumulative total heat power consumption of power switch pipe has not existed, and has reduced the working strength of power switch pipe; Only need the one direction driving force of test switch driving circuit, easily realize lower comprehensive power consumption; The selection of power switch pipe is not directly related with charging and discharging currents, escapable cost.The fuse of charging and discharging circuit series connection simultaneously, ensures battery charging and discharging safety.
And protective circuit voltage sample of the present invention flexibility is strong, can select to gather battery cell, battery module or battery voltage.In addition; Compared with conventional batteries protection scheme, power switch pipe is without battery charging and discharging loop, and like this, in battery charge and discharge process, the lasting thermal power loss of power switch pipe circuit part has not existed, and radiating treatment is simplified; Power switch pipe is without charging and discharging circuit, and the probability that is subject to complexity to discharge and recharge environmental impact reduces, and circuit reliability strengthens.Circuit structure is simple, easily accomplishes scale production, and cost, is of great importance to suitability for industrialized production.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a protective circuit for rechargeable battery, described rechargeable battery comprises multiple battery cells, it is characterized in that, comprises single-chip microcomputer,
Fuse melting loop, it comprises diode D3, switching tube and fuse, described diode D3 anode is connected with rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node through fuse, described diode D3 negative electrode is connected with switching tube one end, the other end of described switching tube is connected with the negative pole of rechargeable battery or the second series connection node, between the first described series connection node and the second series connection node, be serially connected with at least one battery cell, and the voltage of the first series connection node is higher than the second described series connection node voltage;
Voltage sample module, it is subject to Single-chip Controlling start or stop the voltage sample of rechargeable battery and voltage data is sent to single-chip microcomputer,
Switching tube driver module, it can receive Single-chip Controlling signal and control described switching tube action with by the conducting of fuse melting loop and by blown fuse.
2. the protective circuit of rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 1; it is characterized in that; described voltage sample module comprises a N channel field-effect pipe M1 and the 5th P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5; single-chip microcomputer gather control output end through successively series connection the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 after be communicated with the negative pole of rechargeable battery
Between grid access the 3rd resistance R 3 and the 4th resistance R 4 of a described N channel field-effect pipe M1, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole through the 11 resistance R 11 and the tenth resistance R 10 of series connection successively, and source electrode is communicated with battery cathode,
Between grid access the tenth resistance R the 10 and the 11 resistance R 11 of the 5th described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M5, source electrode is communicated with rechargeable battery is anodal, drain electrode through successively series connection R1 and R2 after access battery cathode, the voltage acquisition termination of described single-chip microcomputer enters between the first resistance R 1 and the second resistance R 2.
3. the protective circuit of rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 1 or 2; it is characterized in that; described switching tube is the 3rd N channel field-effect pipe M3; described switching tube driver module comprises the 4th N channel field-effect pipe M4 and the second P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2; single-chip microcomputer insurance control output end is communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery after the 8th resistance R 8 of series connection successively and the 9th resistance R 9
Between grid access the 8th resistance R 8 and the 9th resistance R 9 of the 4th described N channel field-effect pipe M4, drain electrode is communicated to rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node through the 6th resistance R 6 and the 5th resistance R 5 of series connection successively, and source electrode is communicated with negative electrode of chargeable battery,
Between grid access the 5th resistance R 5 and the 6th resistance 6 of the second described P-channel field-effect transistor (PEFT) pipe M2, source electrode is communicated with rechargeable battery positive pole or the first series connection node, and drain electrode is communicated with the anode of switching diode D2,
The 3rd described N channel field-effect pipe M3 grid is communicated with through the negative electrode of the 12 resistance R 12 and switching diode D2, and source electrode is communicated with diode D3 negative electrode, and drain electrode is communicated with the second described series connection node.
4. the protective circuit of rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 3, is characterized in that, also comprises bleeder resistance R7, and described bleeder resistance R7 one end is connected to the negative electrode of switching diode D2, and the other end is communicated with the second described series connection node.
5. the protective circuit of rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, the voltage difference of described anodal or the first series connection node and the second described series connection node is at 8-20V.
6. the protective circuit of rechargeable battery as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, described fuse is connected between the battery cell between the first series connection node and the second series connection node.
7. a control method for protective circuit as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps,
1) single-chip microcomputer is by preset frequency start signal output voltage sample module and gather voltage;
2) single-chip microcomputer will gather voltage and predeterminated voltage comparison, if do not export in normal range (NR), if exceed export insurance control signal carry out next step of normal range (NR);
3) switching tube driver module receive insurance control signal and by the conducting of fuse melting loop with by blown fuse.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410116304.4A CN103872655A (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Charging battery protecting circuit and control method of protecting circuit |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201410116304.4A CN103872655A (en) | 2014-03-26 | 2014-03-26 | Charging battery protecting circuit and control method of protecting circuit |
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| CN105655659A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-06-08 | 江苏师范大学 | Battery power storage module with microcomputer chip and portable computer |
| CN108414976A (en) * | 2018-01-17 | 2018-08-17 | 石化盈科信息技术有限责任公司 | Explosion-proof type bluetooth positioning device |
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Application publication date: 20140618 |