CN101526431A - Amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot for shaft vibration analysis of starting-stopping process - Google Patents
Amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot for shaft vibration analysis of starting-stopping process Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot for shaft vibration analysis of starting-stopping process of equipment. A making method of the waterfall plot comprises three steps: (1) reading a pair of vibration displacement signal arrays, i.e. an x signal array and a y signal array of a rotating shaft in the process of starting or stopping; (2) evaluating a synthesized amplitude spectrum of the x signal array and the y signal array at each rotation speed; and (3) arranging the synthesized amplitude spectrum in rising speed or reducing speed sequence into an array plot which is the made amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot. Any amplitude on the waterfall plot made by the method can represent the true amplitude of the corresponding shaft vibration component in a bearing cross section; the shape of the waterfall plot is only involved with the starting and stopping process and has no relation with the installation position of a sensor; and the invention is convenient for understanding the characteristics of machine states.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure that has been used for parking process shaft vibration analysis.
With the sliding bearing is the large rotating machinery of rotor bearing spare, as large-size machine, centrifugal compressor etc., the analysis and evaluation of these equipment states, an important tool that is relied on be---equipment plays the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure (Waterfall Diagram) of parking process shaft vibration displacement signal.Waterfall figure is a kind of saying of image, and amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure is actual to be an array of figure of will arrange in order from the amplitude frequency spectrum of the displacement signal under each rotating speed in cycling start or the docking process and form.
Usually, in a bearing cross section position of rotating machinery rotating shaft, the vibration displacement sensor at two mutually perpendicular sensing rotating shaft centers is installed, is called X sensor and Y sensor, to obtain the shaft vibration displacement signal on this cross section, illustration is seen accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3; So-called X sensor refers to, is that an end of counterclockwise rotation direction is seen over from observing rotor, on the rotor surface with accompanying drawing in level point to the particle that intersects, counterclockwise that sensor that at first turns over is the X sensor.Might as well, will be called x burst and y burst from two direction vibration displacement bursts of this cross section X sensor and Y sensor synchronous acquisition, below be called for short x signal and y signal sometimes.
The x and the y burst of synchronous acquisition under each rotating speed have been arranged in the parking process, just can with they by certain mode conversion to frequency domain, obtain amplitude frequency spectrum, by raising speed or reduction of speed order the amplitude frequency spectrum under each rotating speed is lined up array of figure then, be amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure.Such waterfall figure abundant information, the amplitude that can show parking process shaft vibration frequency components intuitively changes, can make the user therefrom obtain the shake amplitude of each frequency component of the critical rotary speed of machine and this rotating speed lower shaft easily, the state of estimating machinery and equipment is had important effect.
Background technology
At present, the acquisition methods of waterfall figure is: only taking out the displacement signal sequence under each rotating speeds of some directions in cycling start or the docking process, perhaps is the x burst entirely, perhaps is the y burst entirely; Then, the burst under each rotating speed is done Fourier transform, ask its fourier series and corresponding amplitude frequency spectrum; At last, arrange amplitude frequency spectrum under each rotating speed, form an array of figure, promptly be called amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure by raising speed or reduction of speed order.Such waterfall figure can be called x waterfall figure or y waterfall figure according to employed sequence.
(Qu Liang gives birth to work to document " the holographic diagnostics principle of mechanical fault ", Science Press, in July, 2007) introduced a kind of holographic waterfall figure in, this waterfall figure is not waterfall figure in general sense, it is not an amplitude frequency spectrum array figure, does not have the shape of " waterfall ".It and the present invention do not belong to same nearest upperseat concept.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves.The shortcoming of the present method for making that plays parking process amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure is: (1) waterfall figure, only make by the signal of a direction, and can only reflect that a shaft vibration on the direction is with change in rotational speed; (2) correspondingly, the arbitrary amplitude on the waterfall figure can not reflect that the axle under the rotating speed of place shakes the respective frequencies component in the true amplitude of whole bearing cross section, i.e. amplitude radially; When the installation position of (3) two mutually perpendicular sensors on the cross section changed (as becoming accompanying drawing 3 by accompanying drawing 2), even an identical parking process status, waterfall figure also can show difference, and this is not easy to set up the relation between waterfall figure and machine state.
Technical scheme.
A kind of method for making that has been used for the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of parking process shaft vibration analysis that proposes, be made up of three steps: (1) reads a pair of shaft vibration displacement signal sequence---x and the y burst under each rotating speed of gathering in cycling start or the docking process; (2) a pair of x under each rotating speed and y burst are asked a synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum; (3) the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum under the different rotating speeds of trying to achieve is arranged in an array of figure by raising speed or reduction of speed order, is the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of making.
The method that proposes with the difference of existing method is: above (1) what read when going on foot reading of data is right from the x and the y burst of both direction, rather than from the burst data of a simple direction; More than each rotating speed amplitude frequency spectrum down in (2) step determine jointly by a pair of x under this rotating speed and y burst, be not the amplitude frequency spectrum of folk prescription to signal, be based on the amplitude frequency spectrum that two direction sequences synthesize; More than in (3) step, arrangement to as if the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum of two direction sequences.
Synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum under each rotating speed in the above waterfall figure method for making, its making is made up of such step: (1) carries out the fast discrete Fourier conversion to a pair of x under this rotating speed and y burst respectively; (2) ask for separately fourier series based on the result of fast fourier transform; (3) from the x that obtains and the fourier series of y burst, with under each frequency from the multifrequency sinusoid component of x signal and synthetic from the multifrequency sinusoid component of y signal, obtain an ellipse, be called lee sajous graphics again, its physical meaning is the shake orbit of shaft center figure of component of this frequency axis in the bearing cross section, as shown in Figure 5; (4) calculate the size that two durection components are synthesized oval major semi-axis under each frequency, i.e. the size of axle amplitude on each frequency lower section; (5) being transverse axis with frequency or its order, is the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, draws amplitude frequency spectrum, is synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum, and as shown in Figure 6, the frequency order refers to the relative frequency value that frequency values obtains divided by a certain reference frequency, dimensionless.The flow process that synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum is made is seen shown in the accompanying drawing 4.
If a pair of x burst and y burst carry out the ω that the fourier series decomposition obtains under a certain rotating speed
i(i.e. 2 π f
i) frequency component is respectively:
Then the synthetic oval major semi-axis of orbit of shaft center of this two component is calculated as follows:
Order
This ω
iO under the t
i 2(t) then be oval major semi-axis or minor semi-axis square, calculate again the radius turn over the ellipse behind 90 degree square, promptly
With
Corresponding o
i(t) square, by relatively, can finally determine the major semi-axis that this is oval, i.e. this component axle amplitude size.
A kind of method for making that has been used for the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of parking process shaft vibration analysis of the present invention, its based on rule be: the one-period signal, can carry out fourier series and decompose, be decomposed into several unifrequency harmonic components; The vibration of mechanical rotating shaft (its axle center in other words) in bearing cross section is periodic vibration, can be decomposed into one group of unifrequency axle component rotative component in other words that shakes; The unifrequency axle component that shakes, the oscillation trajectory in bearing cross section is an ellipse, the length of oval major semi-axis is exactly the amplitude of this oscillating component in whole bearing cross section, in other words amplitude radially; With the synthetic ellipse of the same frequency single-frequency harmonic component of x and y burst, be exactly the shake track of component of this frequency axis.
Beneficial effect.
The waterfall figure that the present invention produced is made jointly by the shaft vibration signal of both direction, the integrated vibration information of both direction.Because the amplitude frequency spectrum on the waterfall figure under each rotating speed is a synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum, therefore, its arbitrary amplitude has been represented corresponding frequencies axle shake the true amplitude value (radially amplitude) of component on bearing cross section rather than the vibration amplitude of component on a certain sensor orientation.Simultaneously, owing to adopt synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum, waterfall figure is not subjected to the influence that installation position changes on bearing cross section of two orthogonal sensors, is convenient to set up the relation that machine plays parking status of processes and waterfall figure.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1, the step of amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure method for making of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2, one cross section X, Y displacement transducer installation position synoptic diagram 1.
Accompanying drawing 3, one cross section X, Y displacement transducer installation position synoptic diagram 2.
Accompanying drawing 4, a pair of x and y burst are made the process flow diagram of synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum.
Accompanying drawing 5, the oval synoptic diagram that the unifrequency harmonic component of a pair of x and y burst is synthetic.
Accompanying drawing 6 is based on the synoptic diagram of the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum of a pair of x and y two bursts.
The amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure that accompanying drawing 7, one cycling start process datas are made of the present invention
The x direction amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure that accompanying drawing 8, one cycling start process datas are made of classic method
The y direction amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure that accompanying drawing 9, one cycling start process datas are made of classic method
Embodiment
(embodiment)
Survey x and the y vibration displacement burst of a unit cycling start process shaft under different rotating speeds synchronously, the layout orientation of X, Y two sensors as shown in Figure 3.The x signal of synchronous acquisition and y burst, sampling rate is 2kHz, and sampling number is the N=1024 point.Embodiment is as follows:
(1) it is right to read in the cycling start process x signal under each rotating speed and y burst, sampling rate 2kHz, sampling number N=1024 point.
(2) to a pair of x signal and y burst under each rotating speed, carry out fast discrete Fourier conversion (FFT) respectively, the gained result is 1024 complex sequencess.
(3) based on x, y two signal fast fourier transform results, ask for fourier series separately, obtain the ascending parameter of N/2=512 harmonic component altogether.
(4) from two fourier series that obtain, with under each frequency from the multifrequency sinusoid component of x signal and synthetic from the multifrequency sinusoid component of y signal, obtain an orbit of shaft center ellipse, be called lee sajous graphics again, as shown in Figure 5; Obtain 512 ellipses altogether.
(5) calculate the following size of synthesizing oval major semi-axis of each frequency, i.e. the size of the axle amplitude on each frequency lower section; Totally 512 amplitudes.
(6) being transverse axis with frequency or its order, is the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, draws synthetic axle amplitude frequency spectrum, as shown in Figure 6.
(7) the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum of corresponding different rotating speeds is arranged in order, then formed based on amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of the present invention, as shown in Figure 7.Peak swing 309.325 in the accompanying drawing 7 and corresponding rotating speed 2273.17 refer to peak swing and the corresponding first critical speed on the waterfall figure respectively.Peak swing 177.463 in the accompanying drawing 8 and corresponding rotating speed 2273.17 are gone back peak swing 300.357 and corresponding rotating speed 2273.17 in the drawings attached 9, also are same implications.Peak swing in the accompanying drawing 7 is greater than the maximum amplitude in accompanying drawing 8 and the accompanying drawing 9, is because its to be axle shake component amplitude on whole cross section, and accompanying drawing 8 and the accompanying drawing 9 unidirectional amplitude of x, y just respectively.
In addition, if arrange that by accompanying drawing 2 modes can find, traditional x waterfall figure and y waterfall figure can change, and the waterfall figure that the inventive method is made is constant, unaffected with sensor.
Claims (2)
1, a kind of method for making that has been used for the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of parking process shaft vibration analysis, it is characterized in that, be made up of three steps: (1) reads a pair of shaft vibration displacement signal sequence---x and the y burst under each rotating speed in cycling start or the docking process; (2) a pair of x under each rotating speed and y burst are asked a synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum; (3) with the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum under the different rotating speeds of trying to achieve, be arranged in an array of figure, be the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure of making by raising speed or reduction of speed order.
2, according to the method for making of the amplitude frequency spectrum array waterfall figure described in the claim 1, it is characterized in that the method for making of the synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum under each rotating speed is made up of the following step: (1) carries out the fast discrete Fourier conversion to a pair of x under this rotating speed and y burst respectively; (2) ask for separately fourier series based on the result of fast fourier transform; (3) from the x that obtains and the fourier series of y burst, with under each frequency from the multifrequency sinusoid component of x signal and synthetic from the multifrequency sinusoid component of y signal, obtain an ellipse, be called lee sajous graphics again, its physical meaning is the shake orbit of shaft center figure of component of this frequency axis in the bearing cross section; (4) calculate the size that two durection components are synthesized oval major semi-axis under each frequency, i.e. the size of axle amplitude on each frequency lower section; (5) being transverse axis with frequency or its order, is the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, draws amplitude frequency spectrum, is synthetic amplitude frequency spectrum, and the frequency order refers to the relative frequency value that frequency values obtains divided by a certain reference frequency, dimensionless.
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| CN200910029418A CN101526431A (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2009-04-13 | Amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot for shaft vibration analysis of starting-stopping process |
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| CN200910029418A CN101526431A (en) | 2009-04-13 | 2009-04-13 | Amplitude spectrum array waterfall plot for shaft vibration analysis of starting-stopping process |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102759394A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Device and method for detecting vibration of vehicle body |
| CN102928638A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 南京国睿安泰信科技股份有限公司 | Frequency spectrograph waterfall plot display system and method |
| CN103674545A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | Mechanical fault detecting method |
| EP3187884A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-05 | Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG | A method and apparatus for processing measurement tuples |
| CN114264366A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-01 | 南水北调东线江苏水源有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring multi-angle vibration components of pump shell of water pump unit |
-
2009
- 2009-04-13 CN CN200910029418A patent/CN101526431A/en active Pending
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102759394A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2012-10-31 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Device and method for detecting vibration of vehicle body |
| CN102759394B (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2014-05-21 | 中国移动通信集团公司 | Device and method for detecting vibration of vehicle body |
| CN102928638A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 南京国睿安泰信科技股份有限公司 | Frequency spectrograph waterfall plot display system and method |
| CN103674545A (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2014-03-26 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | Mechanical fault detecting method |
| CN103674545B (en) * | 2013-11-26 | 2016-01-13 | 成都阜特科技股份有限公司 | A kind of mechanical fault method for detecting |
| EP3187884A1 (en) * | 2015-12-28 | 2017-07-05 | Rohde&Schwarz GmbH&Co. KG | A method and apparatus for processing measurement tuples |
| US10514405B2 (en) | 2015-12-28 | 2019-12-24 | Rohde & Schwarz Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method and apparatus for processing measurement tuples |
| CN114264366A (en) * | 2021-12-22 | 2022-04-01 | 南水北调东线江苏水源有限责任公司 | Method for monitoring multi-angle vibration components of pump shell of water pump unit |
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