CN101451882B - Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array for single section shaft vibration analysis for mechanical rotor - Google Patents
Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array for single section shaft vibration analysis for mechanical rotor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101451882B CN101451882B CN200810243432XA CN200810243432A CN101451882B CN 101451882 B CN101451882 B CN 101451882B CN 200810243432X A CN200810243432X A CN 200810243432XA CN 200810243432 A CN200810243432 A CN 200810243432A CN 101451882 B CN101451882 B CN 101451882B
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Abstract
A short-term spectrum array for mechanic rotor single section shaft vibration analysis called short-term amplitude frequency spectrum array, manufacturing comprising steps of: (1) reading an x signal sequence and y signal sequence in two vertical directions from a section of a rotary shaft collected synchronously; (2) dividing the x signal sequence and y signal sequence according to a certain time delay D and short-term window length L, dividing a group of short-term signal sequence; (3) processing Fourier transformation individually for each pair of two directional short-term signals; (4) solving Fourier levels individually; (5) synthesizing an ellipse by two directional Fourier components of each frequency for each pair of Fourier level; (6) calculating size of major semiaxis of the synthesized ellipse, that is shaft vibration component amplitude of each frequency; (7) obtaining short-term amplitude frequency spectrum in the cross section for each pair of two short-term signals, using frequency or order as a transverse axis and shaft vibration amplitude as a vertical axis; (8) arranging short-term amplitude frequency spectrum of each time cross along time axis to obtain short-term amplitude frequency spectrum array.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array that is used for mechanical rotor single cross section shaft vibration analysis.
With the sliding bearing is the large rotating machinery of rotor bearing spare, as large-size machine, centrifugal compressor etc., the analysis and evaluation of their running status, the basic tool that is relied on is exactly the frequency spectrum of shaft vibration displacement signal, because shaft vibration displacement signal frequency spectrum can be done decomposition to shaft vibration by frequency---and the axle that the is decomposed into one group of corresponding different frequency component that shakes represents to the user.
Usually, in a bearing cross section position of rotating machinery, the vibration displacement sensor at two mutually perpendicular sensing rotating shaft centers is installed, is called X sensor and Y sensor, to obtain the shaft vibration displacement signal on this cross section, illustration is seen accompanying drawing 2 and accompanying drawing 3.So-called X sensor refers to, is that an end of counterclockwise rotation direction is seen over from observing rotor, and that sensor that rotor surface (with the crossing particle of horizontal direction in the illustration) turns at first counterclockwise is the X sensor.Might as well, the two direction vibration displacement bursts that will gather simultaneously from this cross section X sensor and Y sensor are called x burst and y burst, below are called for short x signal and y signal sometimes.
X and y two bursts on a cross section of rotating shaft of picking up have simultaneously been arranged, just can press certain mode conversion to them to frequency domain, made the rumble spectrum of rotating shaft.Wherein, amplitude frequency spectrum is called for short amplitude spectrum or amplitude-frequency spectrum sometimes, is a most frequently used class rumble spectrum.Correspondingly, be used for observation signal observation the period in whether stably short time amplitude frequency spectrum array also be the most frequently used a kind of shaft vibration short-time analysis method.
Background technology
To x and y two bursts on a cross section of rotating shaft of picking up simultaneously, a kind of common short time amplitude frequency spectrum array obtains form and is: read x burst (or y burst), by certain time delay D and short-term window length L, be partitioned into one group of short signal sequence successively, each short signal sequence is carried out the fast discrete Fourier conversion, asked for fourier series separately, the intercepting chronological order that the amplitude frequency spectrum of each fourier series is pressed the short signal sequence along time shaft is arranged again, has then constituted a short time amplitude frequency spectrum array.The shortcoming of this short time amplitude frequency spectrum array is: (1) short time amplitude frequency spectrum array can only reflect the stationarity of shaft vibration on the direction; (2) this short time amplitude frequency spectrum array of being made to signal by folk prescription, the arbitrary amplitude on the spectrogram can not reflect the shake maximal value (i.e. an amplitude) of component of axle on place frequency and the time point; When the installation position of (3) two mutually perpendicular sensors on the cross section changes (as becoming Fig. 3 by Fig. 2), even the stationarity of rotor operation is constant, short time amplitude frequency spectrum array also can show difference, and this is not easy to set up the feature of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array and the relation between machine state.
To x and y two bursts on a cross section of rotating shaft of picking up simultaneously, the form of obtaining of another kind of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array is: structure complex displacement burst z=x+iy, by certain time delay D and short-term window length L, from complex sequences z, be partitioned into one group of complex signal sequence in short-term successively, to every group in short-term the complex signal sequence carry out the fast discrete Fourier conversion, ask for fourier series separately, again the amplitude frequency spectrum of fourier series is pressed each intercepting chronological order arrangement of complex signal sequence in short-term along time shaft, then constitute a short time amplitude frequency spectrum array, might as well be called complex-specturm array in short-term.The complex-specturm array is the result of x and y two burst information fusion in short-term, thereby the influence that it is not changed by X and Y two vertical reference installation positions can provide convenience to the characteristics of setting up short time amplitude frequency spectrum array and the relation of machine run stationarity.But shortcoming is: (1) complex-specturm array in short-term is a bilateral spectrum, and the negative frequency composition is difficult for understanding; (2) each in short-term frequency component be broken down into positive and negative two precession components, their amplitude is the result of abstract mathematics computing, does not represent the actual size of this frequency lower rotary shaft oscillating component amplitude.(list of references: Qu Liang gives birth to work, the holographic diagnostics principle of mechanical fault, Science Press, in July, 2007).
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that solves.Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array by folk prescription is made to displacement signal by the array of complex-specturm in short-term that two direction displacement signals are made, all can not reflect the actual size of each frequency vibration component amplitude of rotating shaft.The spectrum signature of unidirectional short time amplitude frequency spectrum array also is subjected to the influence of two mutually perpendicular X sensors and the installation position variation of Y sensor on the installation cross section.The negative frequency composition indigestion of complex-specturm array influences its use in short-term.
Technical scheme.
A kind of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array that is used for mechanical rotor single cross section shaft vibration analysis, its making is made up of following step: (1) reads the x and the y burst that come the axis of rotation one cross section two vertical direction of synchronous acquisition; (2) by certain time delay D and short-term window length L, successively x and y burst are cut apart respectively, be partitioned into one group of short signal sequence separately, dividing method is seen accompanying drawing 4; (3) to each to the time stride two identical direction short signal sequences and carry out the fast discrete Fourier conversion respectively; (4), ask for corresponding a pair of fourier series based on each result to fast fourier transform; (5), that two direction harmonic components under its each frequency are synthetic to each fourier series to asking for---synthetic result is an orbit of shaft center ellipse, as shown in Figure 6; (6) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, calculate its each frequency component the size of major semi-axis of synthetic orbit of shaft center ellipse, i.e. the size of each frequency lower shaft amplitude; (7) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, be transverse axis with frequency or its order, be the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, the short time amplitude frequency spectrum when obtaining this in section of striding is as accompanying drawing 7; The short time amplitude frequency spectrum of the section of striding is arranged by the chronological order of short signal sequence intercepting along time shaft during (8) with each, then obtains short time amplitude frequency spectrum array, as shown in Figure 8.The frequency order refers to the relative frequency value that frequency values obtains divided by a certain reference frequency, dimensionless.The making flow process of whole short time amplitude frequency spectrum array is seen shown in the accompanying drawing 1.
If from x burst, y burst be partitioned into the time stride identical a pair of short signal sequence, its fourier series decomposes the ω that obtains
i(i.e. 2 π f
i) frequency component is respectively:
Then the synthetic oval major semi-axis of orbit of shaft center of this two component is calculated as follows:
Order
Then have,
This ω
iO under the t
i 2(t) then be oval major semi-axis or minor semi-axis square, calculate again the radius turn over the ellipse behind 90 degree square, promptly
With
Corresponding o
i(t) square, by relatively, can finally determine the major semi-axis that this is oval, i.e. this component axle amplitude size.
The present invention---be used for the short time amplitude frequency spectrum array of rotor single cross section shaft vibration analysis, its making based on rule be: one-period vibration signal sequence, can carry out fourier series and decompose, be decomposed into several unifrequency vibration harmonics components; From the same frequency single-frequency harmonic component of two vertical direction of same shaft section, be an ellipse after synthetic, this ellipse has the shake physical meaning of component oscillation trajectory of this frequency axis, and correspondingly, its oval major semi-axis has also been represented the shake axle amplitude of component of this frequency axis; With the axle amplitude frequency spectrum of a series of sequences in short-term along time shaft in chronological sequence order arrange, can show that shaft vibration forms the stationarity of component.
Beneficial effect.
Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array by folk prescription is made to displacement signal by the array of complex-specturm in short-term that two direction displacement signals are made, all can not reflect the actual size of each frequency vibration component amplitude of rotating shaft.The spectrum signature of unidirectional short time amplitude frequency spectrum array also is subjected to the influence of two mutually perpendicular X sensors and the installation position variation of Y sensor on the installation cross section.The negative frequency composition indigestion of complex-specturm array influences its use in short-term.
The present invention---be used for the short time amplitude frequency spectrum array of rotor single cross section shaft vibration analysis, the influence that the spectrogram shape is not changed at the installation position of installing on the cross section by X sensor and Y sensor, particularly, its amplitude has been represented the shake actual size of component amplitude of each frequency axis, be of practical significance, spectrogram does not have the negative frequency composition yet, is convenient to the user and analyzes and set up the feature of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array and the relation between state of runtime machine intuitively.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing 1, the making flow process of short time amplitude frequency spectrum array of the present invention.
Accompanying drawing 2, one cross section X, Y displacement transducer installation position synoptic diagram 1.
Accompanying drawing 3, one cross section X, Y displacement transducer installation position synoptic diagram 2.
Accompanying drawing 4 is from the method synoptic diagram of x and y signal intercepting short signal sequence.
Accompanying drawing 5, the amplitude frequency spectrum of a pair of short signal sequence fourier series.
Accompanying drawing 6, the oval synoptic diagram that a pair of two direction unifrequency harmonic components are synthetic.
Accompanying drawing 7, the short time amplitude frequency spectrum that a pair of short signal sequence fourier series is synthetic.
Accompanying drawing 8, the short time amplitude frequency spectrum array that each short time amplitude frequency spectrum is arranged in along time shaft.
Embodiment (embodiment)
From certain rotor one bearing cross section actual measurement vibration displacement signal, the layout orientation of X, Y two sensors as shown in Figure 3.Synchronous acquisition is from the rotor vibration displacement signal of X, Y displacement transducer, i.e. x signal and y signal, and sampling rate is 2kHz, and sampling number is 1024 points.Embodiment is as follows:
(1) reads the rotor vibration displacement signal from rotor single cross section X, Y sensor of one group of synchronous acquisition, i.e. x signal and y signal, sampling rate 2kHz, sampling number 1024 points.
(2) getting time delay D is 4 sampling interval, and short-term window length L is 128 sampling interval, by this time delay D and short-term window length L, successively x and y burst is cut apart respectively, is partitioned into one group of short signal sequence separately; Time delay D of choosing and short-term window length L can be adjusted in practice as required; Time delay D is selected more for a short time, and the sequence of cutting apart in short-term is many more, and promptly the short-time spectrum number is many more, but calculated amount increases; The long L of window selects more for a short time, and time domain resolution is big more, but frequency domain resolution reduces.
(3) to each to the time stride two identical direction short signal sequences and carry out the fast discrete Fourier conversion respectively, the gained result is L point complex sequences (being 128 point sequences) here.
(4) based on each result to fast fourier transform, ask for corresponding a pair of fourier series, obtain the ascending parameter (being 64 harmonic components) of L/2 harmonic component altogether here.Its amplitude spectrum is seen width of cloth Fig. 5.
(5) to each fourier series to asking for, two direction harmonic components under its each frequency are synthetic, obtain an orbit of shaft center ellipse under this frequency, as shown in Figure 6,---the synthetic one group of ellipse of two harmonic components under all frequencies, L/2 oval (being 64 ellipses here) altogether.Accompanying drawing 6 is the synthetic ellipse of two components of accompanying drawing 5 dotted lines indication.
(6) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, calculate the size that each frequency component is synthesized oval major semi-axis, i.e. the size of each frequency lower shaft amplitude, L/2 (being 64 here) altogether.
(7) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, be transverse axis with frequency or its order, be the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, obtain this short time amplitude frequency spectrum in section of striding in short-term, as shown in Figure 7.
The short time amplitude frequency spectrum of the section of striding is arranged by the chronological order of sequence intercepting in short-term along time shaft during (8) with each, then obtains short time amplitude frequency spectrum array of the present invention, as shown in Figure 8, wherein, 0,2,4,6,8,10 are frequency order (reference frequency is 135.432Hz), dimensionless, 0.3 0.4 grade is the time, unit is second.
Claims (1)
1. short time amplitude frequency spectrum array that is used for mechanical rotor single cross section shaft vibration analysis, it is characterized in that, its making is made up of following step: (1) reads the x and the y burst that come the axis of rotation one cross section two vertical direction of synchronous acquisition, i.e. the two orthogonal directions vibration displacement bursts in this rotating shaft cross section; (2) by certain time delay D and short-term window length L, successively x and y burst are cut apart respectively, be partitioned into one group of short signal sequence separately; (3) to each to the time stride two identical direction short signal sequences and carry out the fast discrete Fourier conversion respectively; (4), ask for corresponding a pair of fourier series based on each result to the fast discrete Fourier conversion; (5), that two direction harmonic components under its each frequency are synthetic to each fourier series to asking for---synthetic result is an orbit of shaft center ellipse; (6) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, calculate the size that each frequency component is synthesized oval major semi-axis, i.e. the size of each frequency lower shaft amplitude; (7) to each to the time stride two identical short signal sequences, be transverse axis with frequency or its order, be the longitudinal axis with the axle amplitude, the short time amplitude frequency spectrum when obtaining this in section of striding; The short time amplitude frequency spectrum of the section of striding is arranged by the chronological order of its short signal sequence intercepting along time shaft during (8) with each, obtains short time amplitude frequency spectrum array.
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| CN200810243432XA CN101451882B (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array for single section shaft vibration analysis for mechanical rotor |
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| CN200810243432XA CN101451882B (en) | 2008-12-24 | 2008-12-24 | Short time amplitude frequency spectrum array for single section shaft vibration analysis for mechanical rotor |
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| CN101451882B true CN101451882B (en) | 2010-09-22 |
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Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102663261B (en) * | 2012-04-27 | 2015-02-04 | 长安大学 | Method for extracting rotating machinery rotor shaft centerline orbit by using time-frequency slice technology |
| CN103398831B (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-08-05 | 西安瑞特快速制造工程研究有限公司 | The method of cross section whirl orbit identification rotating machinery supporting difference fault |
| CN103412145B (en) * | 2013-08-19 | 2014-12-17 | 华北电力大学（保定） | Automatic identifying method of rotor system shaft center track precessional motion direction |
| CN106950047B (en) * | 2017-03-09 | 2018-12-18 | 西安交通大学 | The visual analysis method of vibration acceleration signal frequency spectrum |
| CN107967239B (en) * | 2017-10-18 | 2021-08-31 | 长安大学 | Method for realizing frequency-frequency plane energy distribution diagram |
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