CN101522135B - 髋关节假体的杆件 - Google Patents

髋关节假体的杆件 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101522135B
CN101522135B CN2007800290498A CN200780029049A CN101522135B CN 101522135 B CN101522135 B CN 101522135B CN 2007800290498 A CN2007800290498 A CN 2007800290498A CN 200780029049 A CN200780029049 A CN 200780029049A CN 101522135 B CN101522135 B CN 101522135B
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Prior art keywords
rod member
rod
shaft
bulb
members
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Expired - Fee Related
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CN2007800290498A
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CN101522135A (zh
Inventor
R·普鲁斯
T·庞多夫
P·默克特
H·伊丁克
M·迪特里克
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Ceramtec GmbH
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Ceramtec GmbH
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    • A61F2230/00—Geometry of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2230/0002—Two-dimensional shapes, e.g. cross-sections
    • A61F2230/0004—Rounded shapes, e.g. with rounded corners
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0018—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in elasticity, stiffness or compressibility
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0014—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis
    • A61F2250/0039—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof having different values of a given property or geometrical feature, e.g. mechanical property or material property, at different locations within the same prosthesis differing in diameter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2250/00—Special features of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof
    • A61F2250/0058—Additional features; Implant or prostheses properties not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2250/0075—Sound-damping or noise-reducing means

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于植入到患者股骨(5)内的髋关节假体的杆件(1)，其中，杆件(1)能与球头(2)耦接，该球头又能够可转动地插在髋臼插入体(3)的球缺内。依据本发明，为避免发出嘎吱声音，提出所述杆件(1)在其外部几何形状和/或内部几何形状和/或材料组成上构造成非对称的，其中所述杆件(1)具有体积不同的内部空腔(11)。

Description

髋关节假体的杆件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于植入到患者股骨内的髋关节假体的杆件，其中，杆件可与球头耦接，该球头又能够可转动地插在髋臼插入体的球缺内。
背景技术
市场上存在很多用于代替天生的髋关节的假体系统。这些假体系统通常由与球头2耦接的杆件1和与髋臼插入体3耦接的髋部臼4构成。杆件1和髋部臼4通过长入到股骨或骨盆骨中与身体结合，并且是用于球头1或髋臼插入体3的承载体。球头2可旋转地支承在髋臼插入体3的球缺中-自由度：1(见图1)。
在球头在髋臼插入体的球缺中接合期间，出于不同的原因，特别是球头和髋臼插入体使用高硬度的材料(例如金属合金、陶瓷材料)时，在滑动摩擦副之间会出现不希望的固体摩擦。此时会出现不同的现象，这些现象会导致相关组件的振动，进而导致产生噪声、所谓的嘎吱声音。下面简短地说明三种现象。
1.取决于两个摩擦副的材料配对、表面结构和相对速度，在运动时在固体摩擦的作用下会出现所谓的粘着滑动效应。也就是说，在仔细的观察下，球缺中的球头的准连续运动由很多非常短暂的运动周期构成-每次短暂的运动直接紧跟着突然的静止状态，接着又紧跟着突然的运动。这种粘着滑动效应由静摩擦和滑动摩擦的持续交替引起。
由于出现粘着滑动效应而产生的振动用作激励，并导致人造关节的单个组件或组件组振动。其中如果上述组件或组件组的一个或多个固有频率处于能听到的频率(约16Hz-20000Hz)内，则所述固有频率能够被作为人造髋关节的携带者的病人例如以所谓的嘎吱声音的形式在听觉上被感觉到。这是病人所不希望的，也许还会被病人周围的人感觉到，有时会导致对人的极大制约。
2.由于经常重复的运动方式以及出现微分开(在运动周期期间摩擦系统球头插入体的短暂分开)，在球头或插入体上会形成条纹磨损，其沿着条纹长度具有一定的规律。如果现在球头在一定的个人的状况(身体姿势、运动过程)下相对于插入体在条纹磨损区域中运动，则这会导致自激振动。如果该激励处于相关组件或组件组的固有频率的范围内，则这会导致形成固有模式(Eigenform)，并导致产生噪声。其中如果上述组件或组件组的一个或多个固有频率处于能听到的频谱(约16Hz-20000Hz)内，则所述固有频率能够被作为人造髋关节的携带者的病人例如以所谓的嘎吱声音的形式在听觉上被感觉到。
3.在插入人造髋关节之后，特别是在髋臼处于极限位置时，会在金属杆件和金属髋臼之间，或者在金属杆件和陶瓷插入体之间出现接触。这种接触并非以点的方式进行，而是通过腿相应地运动以一个角度进行，从而金属杆件通过髋臼/插入体而出现“磨损”，这会导致自激振动。如果该激励处于相关组件或组件组的固有频率的范围内，则这会导致形成固有模式，并导致产生噪声。其中如果上述组件或组件组的一个或多个固有频率处于能听到的频谱(约16Hz-20000Hz)内，则所述固有频率能够被作为人造髋关节的携带者的病人例如以所谓的嘎吱声音的形式在听觉上被感觉到。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，对所述的杆件进一步改进，使其不出现嘎吱声音。
该目的由此得以实现，提出一种用于植入到患者股骨内的髋关节假体的杆件，其中，杆件能与球头耦接，该球头又能够可转动地插在髋臼插入体的球缺内，其中，杆件在其外部几何形状和/或内部几何形状和/或材料组成上构造成非对称的，其中所述杆件具有体积不同的内部空腔。
通过杆件有针对性地构造成非对称的，可以防止杆件形成固有模式构成，并大大地抑制在这些组件中的在听觉上可感觉到的频率范围内的振动影响。所提出的杆件的非对称性在此方面可以通过不同的措施实现，这些措施可以任意相互组合：外部几何形状在所有三个空间方向(横截面以及纵轴线)上都非对称、内部几何形状在所有三个空间方向(横截面以及纵轴线)上都非对称，以及通过杆件的由不同刚度和阻尼性能的材料构造成非对称的材料组成。
在本发明优选的方案中，因此外部和内部几何形状在所有三个空间方向上都构造成非对称的。
这一点例如可以由此实现，即杆件在其表面上具有凹槽。
作为备选或者组合，横截面的外部轮廓非对称地成型，和/或杆件沿杆件轴线不连续地成型。
在本发明的一种方案中，杆件具有贯通的横孔。
内部几何形状的非对称结构在本发明的一种方案中由此实现，即杆件具有体积尽可能不同的内部空腔。
在另一种方案中，在杆件内设有能不连续地相互邻接的纵孔。
本发明另一种方案的特征在于，在连接杆中设有直径不同的孔。
材料组成的非对称构造可以由此实现，即刚度和/或阻尼特性和/或材料沿杆件的纵轴线是不同的。
附图说明
下面借助附图对现有技术和本发明进行详细说明。
具体实施方式
图1示出了现有技术。髋部假体通常由与球头2耦接的杆件1和与髋臼插入体3耦接的髋部臼4构成。杆件1和髋部臼4通过长入到股骨5或骨盆骨15中与病人的身体结合，并且是用于球头2或髋臼插入体3的承载体。球头2可旋转地支承在髋臼插入体3的球缺中。
图2示出依据本发明的杆件1，其中为使外部几何形状形成非对称的结构，在表面上设置凹槽。
图3示出依据本发明的杆件的横截面(实线)，其与传统的杆件横截面(虚线)相对照。杆件的横截面的外部轮廓7非对称地成型，以避免发出嘎吱声音。杆件1由此沿杆件轴线9不连续地成型。
为使杆件1的内部几何形状形成非对称的结构，图4示出贯通的横孔10。该横孔10的直径选择为不同的。
图5示出在横截面8中的内部空腔11，用于使杆件1的内部几何形状形成非对称结构。杆件轴线采用附图标记9标注。内部空腔11的体积优选不同。
图6示出依据本发明的杆件，其具有能不连续地相互邻接的纵孔12。纵孔12也设置在连接杆13内。
图7a示出一种杆件1，其在连接杆13内具有孔14。图7b示出沿图7a中线A-A的剖面。可以清楚看出，孔14的直径不同。
杆件1的非对称结构也可以由此实现，即杆件1的材料或材质沿杆件轴线9变化。在这种情况下重要的是，弹性模量与传统的杆件材料不同。这样，图2中的凹槽6也可以通过其弹性模量与杆件1的基本材料不同的另一材料来填充。

Claims (9)

1.用于植入到患者股骨(5)内的髋关节假体的杆件(1)，其中，杆件(1)能与球头(2)耦接，该球头又能够可转动地插在髋臼插入体(3)的球缺内，其特征在于，所述杆件(1)在其外部几何形状和/或内部几何形状和/或材料组成上构造成非对称的，其中所述杆件(1)具有体积不同的内部空腔(11)。
2.按权利要求1所述的杆件，其特征在于，外部和内部几何形状在横截面以及纵轴线上都构造成非对称的。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，杆件(1)在其表面上具有凹槽(6)。
4.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，杆件(1)的横截面(8)的外部轮廓(7)非对称地成型。
5.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，杆件(1)沿杆件轴线(9)不连续地成型。
6.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，杆件(1)具有贯通的横孔(10)。
7.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，在杆件(1)内设有不连续地相互邻接的纵孔(12)。
8.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，该杆件具有连接杆(13)，其特征在于，在所述连接杆(13)中设有直径不同的孔(14)。
9.按权利要求1或2所述的杆件，其特征在于，刚度和/或阻尼特性和/或材料沿杆件轴线(9)是不同的。
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WO1997046179A1 (de) * 1996-06-03 1997-12-11 Mathys Medizinaltechnik Ag Femurkomponente für eine hüftendoprothese
EP0820731A2 (fr) * 1996-07-22 1998-01-28 Fred Zacouto Implant squelettique
DE19635307A1 (de) * 1996-09-01 1998-03-05 Copf Franz Prof Dr Med Prothesenteil
WO2005089675A1 (ja) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-29 B.I.Tec Ltd. 複合材料を用いた人工関節ステムの設計製造方法

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EP2049047A1 (de) 2009-04-22
KR101388594B1 (ko) 2014-04-23
JP2009545413A (ja) 2009-12-24
JP5388065B2 (ja) 2014-01-15
DE102007031663A1 (de) 2008-02-21
CN101522135A (zh) 2009-09-02
WO2008015284A1 (de) 2008-02-07

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