CN101513188A - Bactericide and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Bactericide and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101513188A CN101513188A CNA2008100578711A CN200810057871A CN101513188A CN 101513188 A CN101513188 A CN 101513188A CN A2008100578711 A CNA2008100578711 A CN A2008100578711A CN 200810057871 A CN200810057871 A CN 200810057871A CN 101513188 A CN101513188 A CN 101513188A
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Abstract
The invention provides a novel bactericide, which consists of tourmaline, transition metal and/or oxide thereof, and a carrier. The tourmaline is powder of (Na, Ca) (Mg, Fe)3B3Al6Si6(O, OH, F)31, and accounts for 5 to 80 percent by weight of the bactericide; the transition metal and/or the oxide thereof by the weight of the metal elements account for 0.1 to 50 percent of the weight of the bactericide; and the carrier is one or a mixture of titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminum oxide, zeolite, zinc oxide, ferric oxide, zirconium dioxide, sepiolite, porous ceramics and active carbon. The bactericide does not need to add a power supply or a light source but can kill microbes such as bacteria, virus and mildew in the air, has the characteristics of small resistance, high sterilization speed and no pollution, and can be widely applied to air sterilization for an air purifier, an air conditioner and a concentrated air-conditioning ventilation system.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environment electrochemical catalysis technical field, is about a kind of bactericide and preparation method thereof, and it belongs to a kind of novel electrochemical catalytic oxidation bactericide.
Background technology
In recent years, the architecture indoor biological pollution is subject to people's attention day by day, after particularly a series of respiratory infectious diseases take place on a large scale.Country has put into effect serial standards and norms, as " IAQ standard ", " public place centralized air ventilation system hygienic practice " and " public place and facility sterilization bookkeeping rules (provisional) " etc., to in the family room, the microbial contamination of public place proposes clear and definite limit value, in order to reach the limit value of these regulation and stipulations, guarantee personal safety, must the biological pollution of air be purified.
At present, following method is mainly adopted in the purification of the biological pollution of room air: the one, spray chemosterilant, this method can reach the purpose of purification at short notice, but chemosterilant is mostly toxic, in being arranged, should not use people's environment, so generally when static state is sterilized, adopt, promptly under unmanned state, use, significant limitation is arranged during use; Two are to use the purifier that has high efficiency particulate air filter or have high voltage electrostatic device and remove biological pollution, but the general resistance of the purifier that has high efficiency particulate air filter is very big, incompatibility is used in centralized air ventilation system, high efficiency filter material require periodic replacement simultaneously, increased user's use cost, and high voltage electrostatic device can produce ozone usually, and ozone is a kind of new pollutant, therefore the use of this technology is greatly limited; Three are to use photocatalysis oxidation technique, utilize the ultraviolet ray of uviol lamp emission to come kill bacteria, and measured result is slower, and equipment is too complicated simultaneously, and cost is too high.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the problem that prior art exists, having designed and developed does not a kind ofly need additional power source, does not need to add ultraviolet ray, utilize the electrochemical catalytic oxidation characteristic of self, airborne bacterium is adsorbed the bactericide that the ionization oxidation is killed, this bactericide has that resistance is little, sterilization speed is fast and free of contamination characteristics, can be widely applied to the air disinfection in air purifier, air regulator, the centralized air ventilation system.
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of bactericide, sintering makes on porous carrier by tourmaline and transition metal and/or its oxide are carried, have that resistance is little, sterilization speed is fast and free of contamination characteristics, can be widely applied to the air disinfection in air purifier, air regulator, the centralized air ventilation system.
The invention provides a kind of bactericide, it is made up of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and carrier, this tourmaline be (Na, Ca) (Mg, Fe)
3B
3Al
6Si
6(O, OH, F)
31Powder, tourmaline accounts for 5%～80% of bactericide weight; Described transition metal and/or its oxide are adjusted with metallic element weight, its weight is 0.1%～50% of this bactericide weight, and described carrier is selected from one or more mixtures in titanium dioxide, silica, alundum (Al, zeolite, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, sepiolite, porous ceramics, the active carbon.
The composition thing that tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide are formed in the bactericide is the main component of sterilization, and the weight sum of the composition of this tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide (being the gross weight of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide) is 1～20: 100 with the ratio of vehicle weight.
The advantage of bactericide of the present invention do not need to be additional power source, light source, does not even need to add ultraviolet ray, utilizes the electrochemical catalytic oxidation characteristic of self microorganisms such as airborne bacterium, virus and mould absorption ionization oxidation can be killed.
The tourmaline that the present invention adopts preferably accounts for 30～50% of bactericide weight, and it is a trigonal system silicate, molecular formula be (Na, Ca) (Mg, Fe)
3B
3Al
6Si
6(O, OH, F)
31, preferably be present in the bactericide with powder type; This powder is generally particle diameter and is no more than 10 microns powder, the powder of preferred 1～5 μ m.
Transition metal of the present invention is meant the element of IB family in the periodic table, IIB family, IIIB family, IVB family, VB family, group vib, VIIIB family, VIII family, that is, transition metal of the present invention is at least a in zinc, titanium, tin, copper, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, cerium, gold, silver and the platinum group metal (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum); Preferred precious metal element and/or its oxide that adopts wherein, this noble metal by gold, silver and platinum group metal (ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, platinum) totally 8 kinds of metallic elements forms, metal oxide containing precious metals is by gold oxide, silver oxide, the platinum group metal oxide composition.
The characteristic properties of transition elements have following some.
(1) all is metal, has characteristics such as fusing point height, boiling point height, hardness height, density be big; And metallic luster and ductility, high conductivity and thermal conductivity arranged.For example the energising of tungsten and tantalum is respectively 3410 degrees centigrade and 2996 degrees centigrade.Can form multiple alloy between the different transition metal.
(2) the d electronics in the transition elements has participated in the formation of chemical bond, so often show multiple oxidation state in their compound.Highest oxidation state from every start of line element (scandium, yttrium, lanthanum)+3 be increased to the 6th element (ruthenium, osmium)+8.In each perpendicular row of transition elements, the highest oxidation state of element is typically implemented in the element bottom these row, and for example in iron, ruthenium, these row of osmium, the highest oxidation state of iron is+6, then the reaching of osmium+8.
(3) transition elements has the empty d track and the higher electric charge/radius ratio that can be used to into key, forms stable complex easily, for example can form Au (CN)
2-Complex ion, transition elements is commonly used for catalyzer.
The bactericide that the present invention is above-mentioned, the specific surface area of wherein said carrier is preferably 50～2000m
2/ g.
Carry in the preferred embodiments of the present invention, described bactericide is carried by above-mentioned tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and forms on described carrier, and the weight sum of this tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and the ratio of vehicle weight are 1～20: 100.
The present invention also provides the preparation method of above-mentioned bactericide, and this preparation method comprises:
(1) described transition metal is mixed with soluble-salt solution, soluble-salt solution such as nitrate for example or chlorate make the powder suspension of tourmaline in this solution with the powder of tourmaline;
(2) adding carbonate again in the solution of (1) makes transition metal change into carbonate in solution;
(3) in the solution that contains carbonate that carrier impregnation is obtained in (2) step, 300～1500 ℃ of heating are carried on carrier bactericidal composition, and the monomer of generation transition metal and/or the oxide of transition metal take place to decompose in the carbonate that makes transition metal, thereby make transition metal and/or transition metal oxide and tourmaline (or claiming bactericidal component) high degree of dispersion on carrier, obtain bactericide.
The bactericide that above-mentioned steps obtains, with the sterilization component that is combined as of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide, the weight sum of this sterilization component and the ratio of vehicle weight are 1～20: 100.
Above-mentioned bactericide of the present invention, it evenly mixes the nitrate of the solubility of transition metal or the solution of chlorate with tourmaline powder, carries on porous carrier again and gets; The mixed solution that is made into of copper nitrate, silver nitrate and/or platinum chloride for example, utilize the molten water-based of copper nitrate, silver nitrate, platinum chloride to make it be dissolved into the solution of transition metal and/or its oxide, the weight content of the salt of the solubility of transition metal and/or its oxide in this solution is 0.1～10%, is preferably 0.5～5%.
Described carrier also claims porous carrier, generally should have bigger specific surface area, and preferred specific surface area is 50～1000m
2/ g, more preferably 100～500m
2/ g; The ratio of the weight sum of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and vehicle weight is 1～20: 100 in the bactericide.
The preparation method of bactericide has infusion process, sol-gel process, coprecipitation, complexometry or ion-exchange, also can be that above-mentioned several method is used in combination.In order to obtain noble metal or transition metal, general nitrate or the chlorate that adopts noble metal or transition metal, the molten water-based of utilizing them is made into mixed aqueous solution with the tourmaline that is no more than 10 microns (especially nanoscales) and (its essence is suspension, because tourmaline powder is suspended in wherein), the long-time stirring is uniformly dispersed several materials, add carbonate such as sodium carbonate after mixing again, potash etc., make noble metal or transition metal change into carbonate, method by the high temperature heating makes the carbonate of noble metal or transition metal that monomer or the oxide that generates noble metal or transition metal take place to decompose again, thereby reach the purpose of bactericide high degree of dispersion, have good bactericidal effect in carrier.
The principles of science of the present invention is as follows: bactericide is made up of tourmaline, transition metal (preferred noble metal) and/or transition metal oxide (preferred metal oxide containing precious metals).Tourmaline has permanent spontaneous electrode, has the electrostatic field phenomenon around the tourmaline, and under electrostatic field, hydrone generation electrolysis forms H
3O
+And H
3O
2 -, electric field has the strong adsorption effect to airborne cenobium, and at H
3O
+Or H
3O
2 -Act in the ionization down and the cenobium of air, reach the effect of kill bacteria; Simultaneously, oxygen can be dissociated into oxygen atom or the charged peroxide or the superoxide radical of ADSORPTION STATE in the air on transition metal, noble metal, transition metal oxide or metal oxide containing precious metals surface, the free radical that this oxygen atom forms has strong oxidation susceptibility, can be on moment oxidation Decomposition bacterium and virus, cooperate the tourmaline effect of electric field, realize the function of kill bacteria and virus, because whole sterilization process is controlled at the bactericide surface, so can not produce any side effect to surrounding air.
" the antiseptic hygiene standard " that the method for evaluating performance of bactericide of the present invention is issued with reference to the Ministry of Public Health, the sterilizing unit evaluation method that is applied in centralized air ventilation system is with reference to " public place centralized air ventilation system hygienic practice ", at the air purifier that adopts bactericide, require its sterilizing rate can reach more than 99%, require one-pass germicidal efficiency to reach more than 90% at the sterilizing unit of centralized air ventilation system.
According to above-mentioned method of evaluating performance test, the sterilizing rate of bactericide of the present invention all reaches more than 99%.
The present invention also provides the application of above-mentioned bactericide in the control environmental pollution.By bactericide being coated on the different carriers, multiple use can be arranged, be coated on the porous ceramics, may be used in air purifier or the central air-conditioning system; Be coated on the nonwoven, can be applicable to the surface disinfection of mouth mask, protective garment; Also can spray on the ventilation shaft tube wall or metope, reach the effect of degerming mildew-resistant.Bactericide of the present invention can be widely applied to the air disinfection in the air purifier, air regulator, centralized air ventilation system, prevents the pollution of the environment, and comprises biological pollution in room air pollution, the certain space environment etc.Bactericide of the present invention is used for control and improves indoor air environment, it can be added in the household electrical appliances such as clarifier, humidifier, this bactericide self produces electric polarization, cenobium in the ionization absorbed air, simultaneously the oxygen in the catalytic air is killed airborne microorganism, have broad-spectrum sterilization, sterilization speed fast, need not to add advantages such as electric power is auxiliary.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
Tourmaline powder is mixed to copper nitrate and platinum chloride, and (the copper mass ratio of amounting to simple substance platinum and simple substance is 1～2: in the solution that 10) is made into, the weight of tourmaline powder accounts for 10～30% in this solution, (sodium carbonate/copper nitrate/platinum chloride mol ratio is 15: 10 to add 40% sodium carbonate liquor under stirring; 1), the amount of sodium carbonate makes copper nitrate be oxidized to copper oxide for being enough to, and makes platinum chloride be oxidized to platinum oxide, continues high-speed stirred 2h then.
Get 100 gram porous ceramics, specific surface area is about 100～300m
2/ g impregnated in the above-mentioned mixed solution, after 80 ℃ of vacuum dryings, be warming up to 450 ℃ at the Muffle furnace internal program, be incubated 2 hours, reduce to room temperature naturally, at this moment, copper nitrate is oxidized to copper oxide, platinum chloride is oxidized to platinum oxide, and promptly making with copper oxide platinum oxide tourmaline is the bactericide of main component, and this bactericide is sintered on cellular ceramic substrate, form the sterilization porous ceramics, this porous ceramics may be used on air purifier or the air-conditioning duct.
Embodiment 2:
Adopt infusion process to make bactericide: silver nitrate is dissolved in the deionized water, add and be no more than 10 microns tourmaline powder, high-speed stirred formed even mixed solution after 12 hours, the alundum (Al powder is added in the mixed solution, high-speed stirred 2 hours, again after 90 ℃ of vacuum drying, larger particles is ground into 200～400 purpose particles, afterwards particle is placed in the Muffle furnace internal program and is warming up to 600 ℃, be incubated 3 hours, reduce to room temperature naturally, at this moment, powder ball milling after the roasting is become 2～10 microns particle, be bactericide.
The ratio of silver nitrate and tourmaline is 1: 3～30 in this bactericide, all can reach bactericidal effect.
This bactericide can further be applied on air purifier or the air-conditioning duct.
The part by weight of the composition of silver nitrate and tourmaline and porous mass is 3: 100 in this bactericide.
This porous mass is silica or zeolite.
Embodiment 3: adopt sol-gel process to make bactericide
Butyl titanate is dissolved in the aqueous isopropanol, makes butyl titanate/aqueous isopropanol of 50%, violent constant speed stirs.Pipette a small amount of concentrated hydrochloric acid and add fast in the solution, stir 2min after, the rate of addition that drips with every 2s drips a certain amount of deionized water.After stirring 60min, drip tourmaline silver nitrate mixed solution, after continuing to stir 30min, stop to stir, form colloidal sol.Airtight ageing 5～6d between aging period, need constantly filter to isolate because of gel " syneresis " aqueous isopropanol and product n-butanol of separating out gradually.
, in 50～60 ℃ of vacuum drying 5h the gained xerogel is activated in muffle furnace through the good wet gel of ageing, activation condition is: be warming up to 250 ℃ with 3 ℃/min under the normal temperature, behind the insulation 1h, continuation is warming up to 450 ℃ with 5 ℃/min, and insulation takes out behind the 5.5h, through grind the bactericidal composition powder.This powder can further carry and form bactericide (bactericide module) on porous mass (for example active carbon) surface, and this module may be used on air purifier or the air-conditioning duct.
Contain titanium, the soluble-salt of silver and the mixture 10% of tourmaline powder on this bactericide, the percentage composition of silver, titanium dioxide and tourmaline is followed successively by 4%, 56% and 40% in this mixture.
Embodiment 4:
Get the sterilization porous ceramics of making among about 3 cubic decimeters of embodiment 1, do the module of growth 350mm, wide 300mm, thickness 30mm, this module is installed to air purifier, this clarifier air quantity is 180m
3/ h tests in 30 cubic metres bactericidal assay storehouse, sprays staphylococcus albus in the storehouse, and according to " antiseptic hygiene standard " check, after the decay of deduction nature, sterilizing rate had reached 99% in one hour, the actual measurement resistance 15Pa of this filter core.
Embodiment 5:
Pulverous bactericide among the employing embodiment 2 is made into the bactericidal liquid of 0.1% concentration with sterile water.Get the bacterium liquid that 1ml contains aspergillus niger with sterile test tube, add the 4ml bactericidal liquid then, mix rapidly, and begin to clock, after 2 minutes, above-mentioned mixed solution is got 1ml with sterile test tube, the nutrient agar that is chilled to 40～45 ℃ fusion is poured in the culture dish that adds sample liquid, every culture dish is 15ml～20ml.Culture dish is built, shaken mixing at once gently, lie against on the aseptic platform.The original bacteria liquid of getting the 1ml bactericidal liquid with sterile test tube is inoculated in culture dish simultaneously, treat that agar solidifies after, in 30 ℃ of incubators, be inverted and cultivated 72 hours.Two culture dishes of each inoculation are averaged.
Experimental data:
Aspergillus niger in the culture dish of adding of germicide (CFU/ml): 0, the aspergillus niger (CFU/ml) in the culture dish of blank group (not inoculating bactericidal liquid): 65.
Conclusion:
Compare with the blank group, bactericide reaches 100% to the bactericidal effect of aspergillus niger.
Claims (10)
1. bactericide, it is made up of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and carrier, this tourmaline be (Na, Ca) (Mg, Fe)
3B
3Al
6Si
6(O, OH, F)
31Powder, account for 5%～80% of bactericide weight; Described transition metal and/or its oxide are adjusted with metallic element weight, and its weight is 0.1%～50% of bactericide weight; Described carrier is selected from one or more mixtures in titanium dioxide, silica, alundum (Al, zeolite, zinc oxide, iron oxide, zirconium dioxide, sepiolite, porous ceramics, the active carbon.
2. bactericide as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the particle diameter of described tourmaline is no more than 10 microns.
3. bactericide as claimed in claim 1, wherein, described transition metal is the element of IB family in the periodic table of elements, IIB family, IIIB family, IVB family, VB family, group vib, VIIIB family, VIII family.
4. bactericide as claimed in claim 3, wherein, described transition metal is at least a in zinc, titanium, tin, copper, iron, tungsten, molybdenum, cerium, gold, silver and the platinum group metal.
5. bactericide as claimed in claim 1, wherein, the specific surface area of described carrier is 50～2000m
2/ g.
6. bactericide as claimed in claim 1, this bactericide is carried by described tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and forms on described carrier, in vehicle weight is 100 weight portions, and the weight sum of this tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide is 1～20 weight portion.
7. the preparation method of the described bactericide of claim 1, comprising:
(1) described transition metal is mixed with soluble-salt solution, makes the powder suspension of tourmaline in this solution with the powder of tourmaline;
(2) adding carbonate again in the solution of (1) makes transition metal change into carbonate in solution;
(3) in the solution that carrier impregnation is obtained in (2) step, being heated to 300～1500 ℃ carries on carrier transition metal and/or its oxide and tourmaline, and make the carbonate generation of step (2) generation decompose the monomer of generation transition metal and/or the oxide of transition metal, obtain bactericide.
8. the preparation method of bactericide as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the specific surface area of described carrier is 50～2000m
2/ g.
9. the preparation method of bactericide as claimed in claim 7, wherein, the ratio of the weight sum of tourmaline, transition metal and/or its oxide and vehicle weight is 1～20: 100 in the bactericide that step (3) obtains.
10. the application of the described bactericide of claim 1 in the control environmental pollution.
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