CN101497371A - 用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型 - Google Patents

用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101497371A
CN101497371A CNA2009100098761A CN200910009876A CN101497371A CN 101497371 A CN101497371 A CN 101497371A CN A2009100098761 A CNA2009100098761 A CN A2009100098761A CN 200910009876 A CN200910009876 A CN 200910009876A CN 101497371 A CN101497371 A CN 101497371A
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performance
profile
aerodynamic
embodied
performance profile
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V·米库拉
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Airbus Helicopters Deutschland GmbH
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Eurocopter Deutschland GmbH
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00Wings
    • B64C3/10Shape of wings
    • B64C3/14Aerofoil profile
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C21/00Influencing air flow over aircraft surfaces by affecting boundary layer flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C27/00Rotorcraft; Rotors peculiar thereto
    • B64C27/32Rotors
    • B64C27/46Blades
    • B64C27/467Aerodynamic features
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00Wings
    • B64C3/10Shape of wings
    • B64C3/14Aerofoil profile
    • B64C2003/147Aerofoil profile comprising trailing edges of particular shape
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C3/00Wings
    • B64C3/10Shape of wings
    • B64C3/14Aerofoil profile
    • B64C2003/148Aerofoil profile comprising protuberances, e.g. for modifying boundary layer flow
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C2230/00Boundary layer controls
    • B64C2230/28Boundary layer controls at propeller or rotor blades
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T50/00Aeronautics or air transport
    • Y02T50/10Drag reduction

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Tires In General (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供一种用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型(10),其中为了强制形成离开底侧(12)的边界层紊流,在后缘(15)紧接的附近设置在后缘的整个长度上延伸的过渡条带(16)。

Description

用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型
技术领域
本发明涉及用于诸如固定翼和/或旋翼飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型。
背景技术
已知一个实施空气动力学高性能翼型的重要标准是减小其空气阻力,尤其是通过在其翼型深度的大部分上保持层流来减小其空气阻力。作为有利的压力梯度的结果,在这种情况下特别关注高性能翼型底侧上的边界层,该边界层尽可能地压抵在高性能翼型钝形地形成的后边缘上,以避免气泡形的气流分离。这些分离效应被称作失速,它们导致流动中断并因而导致性能损失,已知这些分离效应是雷诺数(Re数)的函数。这种不希望的气泡形成也可能发生在旋翼飞行器的主旋翼或尾部旋翼的旋翼叶片上,并且也会减少围绕其中的旋翼叶片的气流,导致产生和发生(如实验所显示的)有关推力和俯仰力矩的损失,特别是在旋翼叶片的钝后缘上会产生和发生这样的损失,这是因为在那里也可能存在十分大的反向压力梯度。
发明内容
本发明的目的是在将用其产生的推力和俯仰力矩方面,对特别是直升机的旋翼叶片的具有空气动力学表面的翼型的实施方式加以改进。
基于在特别是旋翼叶片的空气动力学体的高性能翼型的底侧上也会形成所不希望的气泡的发现,根据本发明实现了该目的,这是因为:为了在高性能翼型的底侧上实现紊流出流,设置过渡条带且使其在后缘的整个深度上延伸。
从从属权利要求中可以得到本发明的其它特征。
根据本发明的较佳实施例,过渡条带实施为锯齿形带,并胶合到空气动力学高性能翼型的底侧上。
根据本发明的另一实施例,过渡条带实施为所谓的片状件,即一体形成在空气动力学高性能翼型的底侧上/中的干涉边缘。
首次由本发明强制形成在特别是具有钝后缘的旋翼叶片的空气动力学高性能翼型的底侧上的紊流出流,这就令人惊奇地致使升力增大并提高装有其的旋翼飞行器的稳定性。
在最简单的情况下,在旋翼叶片的整个深度,即整个半径上胶合上过渡条带,该过渡条带可在空气动力学高性能翼型的底侧上强制形成这样的紊流;不过,也可以将过渡条带在旋翼叶片的底侧上实施为一体形成在旋翼叶片的翼型中的片状件。
通过根据本发明的这里所讨论类型的空气动力学高性能翼型的实施方式,实现了升力和俯仰力矩方面的空气动力学特性且翼型阻力的增加可忽略不计。在相同的旋翼动力下可以实现旋翼推力的增加。还可以看到另一优点在于,可通过该过渡条带来实现高性能翼型的较低的雷诺数敏感度,并因而实现较小的诸如在旋翼飞行器旋翼上的非静态激励之类的空气动力学效应。这延长了旋翼叶片和旋翼叶片部件的使用寿命。对于固定翼飞行器的机翼翼型也相应地是同样的情况。
附图说明
下文将基于在附图中示意地示出的示例性实施例来更加详细地描述本发明。
在附图中:
图1是示出根据本发明的用于直升机尾部旋翼叶片的空气动力学高性能翼型的剖视图,该翼型具有钝后缘;和
图2示出图1的高性能翼型从下方所见的视图。
具体实施方式
在图1中所示的呈用于直升机尾部旋翼的旋翼叶片的形式的空气动力学高性能翼型10包括大幅弯曲的顶表面11和小幅弯曲的下表面12以及翼型突耳14和钝后缘15。它以如下方式来实施:在合适地选择的Re数的情况下,在翼型周围的气流尽可能地发生而在该表面的大部分上而没有气流分离。为了在后缘15紧接的附近在高性能翼型10的底侧上产生(为了实现紊流出流)紊流边界层,在后缘15的底侧上设置过渡条带16。它在整个深度,即空气动力学高性能翼型10的旋翼叶片的后缘15的半径R上延伸,可对照图2。
过渡条带16在本示例性实施例中实施为锯齿形带的形式,如在详图D中所示。它的厚度为0.4mm,宽度为10mm,并在其前缘和后缘上设有锯齿形部18。
经由永久粘性结合来固定过渡条带16,也可以通过相应的表面实施方式来将其实施为翼型底侧上的所谓片状件(控制缘)。
此外,可以从图2看到实施为尾部旋翼的旋翼叶片的高性能翼型10的附连凸缘20上的固定孔19。如果高性能翼型10实施为用于主旋翼的旋翼叶片,则可以不同的方式来实施附连凸缘20,并且如果高性能翼型10实施为用于固定翼飞机的机翼,则将完全取消附连凸缘20。
通过使用上述的过渡条带16或片状件,在翼型的底侧12上会实现紊流出流,造成气流循环,且因此对于升力和动量以及雷诺数特性和因此的性能在可实现的推力方面提高约3%或以上。如果上述空气动力学高性能翼型10实施为直升机的主旋翼叶片或实施为固定翼飞机的机翼时也是同样的情况。
附图标记列表
10      高性能翼型
11      顶表面
12      底表面
14      翼型突耳
15      后缘
16      过渡条带
18      锯齿形部
19      固定孔
20      附连凸缘
R       半径
D       过渡条带的详图

Claims (7)

1.一种用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型(10),所述空气动力学高性能翼型具有在其顶侧和底侧(11,12)以及钝后缘(15)上实现不同层流边界层的弯曲形状,其特征在于,为了在所述空气动力学高性能翼型(10)的底侧(12)上实现紊流出流,设置过渡条带(16)且使其在所述翼型(10)的后缘(15)的整个深度(半径)上延伸。
2.如权利要求1所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述过渡条带(16)实施为锯齿形带(锯齿形部18)。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述过渡条带(16)是胶合上的。
4.如权利要求1或2所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述过渡条带(16)实施为在靠近所述后缘(15)处一体形成在所述高性能翼型(10)的底侧(12)中的片状件。
5.如权利要求1至4所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述高性能翼型实施为直升机的主旋翼叶片。
6.如权利要求1至4所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述高性能翼型(10)实施为直升机的尾部旋翼叶片。
7.如权利要求1至4所述的空气动力学高性能翼型,其特征在于,所述高性能翼型(10)实施为固定翼飞行器的机翼。
CNA2009100098761A 2008-01-28 2009-01-23 用于飞行器的空气动力学高性能翼型 Pending CN101497371A (zh)

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DE102008006437A DE102008006437A1 (de) 2008-01-28 2008-01-28 Aerodynamisches Hochleistungsprofil für Luftfahrzeuge
DE102008006437.8 2008-01-28

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US20200284151A1 (en) * 2019-03-08 2020-09-10 Ranbir S. Sahni Modified airfoil for horizontal-axis wind turbine and aircraft

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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US20090189023A1 (en) 2009-07-30
RU2009102281A (ru) 2010-08-10
DE102008006437A1 (de) 2009-08-13
RU2473453C2 (ru) 2013-01-27

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Application publication date: 20090805