CN101494504A - Automatic control optical module with constant average light power and extinction ratio based on singlechip - Google Patents
Automatic control optical module with constant average light power and extinction ratio based on singlechip Download PDFInfo
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- CN101494504A CN101494504A CNA2008102368648A CN200810236864A CN101494504A CN 101494504 A CN101494504 A CN 101494504A CN A2008102368648 A CNA2008102368648 A CN A2008102368648A CN 200810236864 A CN200810236864 A CN 200810236864A CN 101494504 A CN101494504 A CN 101494504A
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Abstract
The invention discloses an automatic control optical module of average optical power and constant extinction ratio based on a single chip microprocessor and relates to an optical module in the optical communication field, in particular to a structure of the optical module and a control method thereof. The main structure of the optical module is as follows: the single chip microprocessor (1), a digital-to-analog converter (2), a laser driving circuit (4), a laser component (7) and a backlight current sampling circuit (5) are connected in sequence so as to realize constant control of average optical power; the single chip microprocessor (1), the digital-to-analog converter (2), the laser driving circuit (4), the laser component (7) and a temperature sampling circuit (3) are connected with the single chip microprocessor (1) in sequence so as to realize constant control of extinction ratio. The invention has simple circuit, good control effect, high precision, fast response and convenient application.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the optical module in the optical communication field, relate in particular to the constant automatic control optical module of a kind of SCM Based average light power and extinction ratio; Specifically, the structure and the control method thereof that relate to optical module.
Background technology
Along with the development of optical communication network transmission capacity, more and more to the optical module demand of compact package, by littler volume and lower cost, provide higher access density, finally improve user's access capacity.Reducing of optical module volume makes the inside modules temperature raise, and adds that intermodule is apart from more approaching in the whole system, and the peripheral temperature of module work has also raise, and this performance impact to module is very big.Change owing to the characteristic of laser varies with temperature, when the design optical module, need think over the relation between laser parameter and the temperature.
When the design optical module, there are two crucial parameters to want emphasis to consider: average light power and extinction ratio.The slope and the threshold current of the luminous power-current curve of these two parameters and laser diode are closely bound up, and the characteristics that the performance of laser shows vary with temperature exactly and change.In the whole onboard temperature working range of optical module, keep average light power and extinction ratio constant.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention just is at the temperature variant characteristics of optical module characteristic, provides a kind of SCM Based average light power and extinction ratio constant automatic control optical module.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this:
Adopt single-chip microcomputer, high precision digital-to-analog converter,, realize the adjusting of optical module average light power and extinction ratio and stablize by the software control and the mode of tabling look-up.
1, the constant control of average light power
Because it is little that diode linearity degree backlight varies with temperature, use so utilize this characteristic can do optical power monitoring;
Single-chip microcomputer, digital to analog converter, drive circuit for laser, laser assembly, back facet current sample circuit and single-chip microcomputer connect to form closed control circuit successively;
Concrete controlled step is as follows:
1. carry out power by host computer and report calibration, one biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, the back facet current sample circuit is converted into voltage to this power, be input to after single-chip microcomputer carries out analog-to-digital conversion, export diode current backlight and give host computer; Same method is provided with an other biased electrical flow point, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, and single-chip microcomputer is exported diode current backlight and is given host computer.By above data computation formula: P=KI
PbConstant K, b among the+b;
2. by host computer layout setting output average optical power point, promptly set-point, bias current are adjusted the error range of step value, permission control;
3. single-chip microcomputer judges by the diode current backlight of sampling repeatedly whether average light power reaches in the error range of the value of setting permission; If exceed error range, single-chip microcomputer increases by the stepping that is provided with or reduces bias current, controls average light power in the error allowed band.
2, the constant control of extinction ratio
Determine that by repetition test temperature and modulated current are provided with table, utilize lookup table mode that modulated current is set and keep extinction ratio constant;
Temperature sampling circuit, single-chip microcomputer, digital to analog converter, drive circuit for laser and laser assembly connect to form open loop circuit successively;
Concrete controlled step is as follows:
1. by the voltage of thermistor sampling laser temperature correspondence, the input single-chip microcomputer carries out analog-to-digital conversion;
2. single-chip microcomputer passes through formula operation: T=aV
3+ bV
2+ cV+d is voltage transitions that temperature is tabled look-up;
3. single-chip microcomputer is found the modulation electric flow valuve under the relevant temperature, and output removes to control laser driver.
In addition, temperature and modulated current table are empirical values, because device consistency problem, there is certain error in this empirical value, adopted 4 calibration methods for revising this error: under four temperature of test module, keep the constant required modulated current of extinction ratio, these data input host computers calculate one group of smoothed data, ask arithmetic mean with empirical value then, after the table that obtains deposit single-chip microcomputer in.
The present invention has following advantage and good effect:
Circuit is succinct, control effective, the accuracy height, response is fast, it is convenient to use, and adds the safety that protective circuit has guaranteed laser diode simultaneously.
Through actual detected, the error that the present invention controls average light power is ± 0.3dbm that the error of extinction ratio is ± 0.3db.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structured flowchart of this module;
Fig. 2 is the constant control upper computer software of the average light power of a this method flow chart;
Fig. 3 is the constant control single chip computer software flow pattern of the average light power of this method;
Fig. 4 is the constant control single chip computer software flow pattern of the extinction ratio of this method.
Wherein:
The 1-single-chip microcomputer;
The 2-digital to analog converter;
The 3-temperature sampling circuit;
The 4-drive circuit for laser;
5-back facet current sample circuit;
The 6-protective circuit;
The 7-laser assembly.
Embodiment
One, the structure of optical module
As Fig. 1, optical module mainly comprises single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, temperature sampling circuit 3, drive circuit for laser 4, back facet current sample circuit 5, protective circuit 6 and laser assembly 7;
Single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, drive circuit for laser 4, laser assembly 7, back facet current sample circuit 5 and single-chip microcomputer 1 are connected successively, realize the constant control of average light power;
Single-chip microcomputer 1, digital to analog converter 2, drive circuit for laser 4, laser assembly 7, temperature sampling circuit 3 and single-chip microcomputer 1 are connected successively, realize the constant control of extinction ratio;
Wherein:
* single-chip microcomputer 1, adopts Silicon Laboratories C8051F330, temperature, the luminous power of monitoring laser (LD), and control digital to analog converter (DAC) 2 is provided with bias current and modulated current.
Software comprises:
(1) luminous power and bias current formula calculate;
(2) Rth thermistor and T temperature conversion;
(3) modulated current and temperature compensation data table.
* digital to analog converter 2, adopt 10 higher DAC AD5315 band I2C interfaces of ADI precision.
* temperature sampling circuit 3, adopt field, village negative tempperature coefficient thermistor.
* drive circuit for laser (LDD) 4, promptly the ONET1101L by TI forms.
* the back facet current sample circuit 5, adopt high precision operating amplifier.
* protective circuit 6, are made up of triode and resistance, by software control.
* laser assembly 7, and VCSEL, F-P or Distributed Feedback Laser all can.
Two, control method
1, the constant control method of average light power
The constant control of average light power is by the diode backlight (PD) in the laser assembly 7, take out the electric current of laser (LD) in proportion, carrying out analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) sends into single-chip microcomputer 1 and judges, single-chip microcomputer 1 send control data to give digital to analog converter (DAC) 2 afterwards, control drive circuit for laser 4 is adjusted bias current, keeps constant thereby adjust average light power.
Luminous power and diode current formula backlight:
The mode of AC coupled is adopted in the design of optical module, and luminous power is mainly determined by bias current.Utilize laser diode backlight (PD) and the linear relation of luminous power, can draw following formula:
P＝KI
pb+b………………………………………………………………(1)
In the formula: P is an average light power, and Ipb is a diode output current backlight.K and b can determine with two point method in the formula, and a bias current such as 20mA promptly are set earlier, measuring light power, an and then bias point such as 40mA are set, and measuring light power once more, the substitution following formula can get K, b value.
The upper computer software of the constant control method of average light power comprises following flow process:
As Fig. 2,
1. the bias current A of first point is set;
2. judge whether to read the luminous power B under this bias current, be then to enter flow process 3., otherwise be turned back to flow process 2.;
3. the bias current C of second point is set;
4. judge whether to read the luminous power D under this bias current, be then to enter flow process 5., otherwise be turned back to flow process 4.;
5. by top two groups of data computation K, b value E.
Upper computer software is used LabView and is write, and what adopt with the slave computer communication is the mode that serial ports changes I2C.
This capability correction function can be proofreaied and correct under arbitrary temp, can proofread and correct under specific temperature according to the optical module actual working environment, and the average light power control of optical module in the work of total temperature scope is just more accurate like this, and it is more stable to work.
The scm software of the constant control method of average light power comprises following flow process:
As Fig. 3,
1. Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program initialization F;
2. diode current G backlight takes a sample;
3. the magnitude of voltage substitution formula P=KI of flow process in 2.
Pb+ b calculates performance number H;
4. judging that given performance number deducts flow process and calculates the gained performance number in 3. and whether satisfy assigned error, is process ends then; Otherwise enter flow process and 5. adjust bias current I;
Do not satisfy error requirements if 5. calculate the difference of gained power and given power, just adjust bias current J, enter flow process then 2..
After setting up the emission optical power calibration, average light power set point, bias current step value, permissible error are set again.After this this, single-chip microcomputer 1 will read diode current backlight repeatedly, judge whether average light power reaches set point, if surpassed set point error allowed band, single-chip microcomputer 1 can increase or reduce bias current gradually according to the bias current step value that is provided with, only to adjust to the error allowed band interior till.
2, the constant control method of extinction ratio
Extinction ratio is constant to be controlled to be open loop control, by the temperature sampling circuit of forming by thermistor Rth 3, become temperature inversion voltage input single-chip microcomputer 1 to carry out analog-to-digital conversion (ADC), convert to after the temperature according to having temperature in the single-chip microcomputer 1 and the tables of data of digital-to-analogue conversion (DAC) value of setting, find the corresponding D AC value of setting, remove to control drive circuit for laser 4 and adjust modulated current, keep constant thereby adjust extinction ratio.
Extinction ratio control divides following several parts:
(1) Rth thermistor and T temperature conversion
Thermistor adopts field, village negative temperature coefficient Rth, the simulation software that provides according to the field, village, obtain the simulation curve of voltage and temperature, this simulation software has taken all factors into consideration the influence of various aspects error, precision is higher, can obtain one group of data according to this curve again, these group data are carried out 3 rank matches, can get the following formula of equation:
T＝aV
3+bV
2+cV+d…………………………………………………(2)
In the formula: T is a temperature, and V is an AD sampling gained voltage, and a, b, c, d are constant, and these constants are to be determined by top one group of data, and this equation and constant all write in the single-chip microcomputer preserves, and the confession reduced temperature is used.When voltage of single-chip microcomputer (AD) sampling, just there is a temperature value corresponding with it by converting.
(2) modulated current and temperature compensation data table
Modulated current is to compensate by the mode of tabling look-up under high low temperature, and this form is to lean on a large amount of repetition test gained.Because the consistency of device exists certain difference, proofread and correct each optical module so use four-point method.
Be recorded under four temperature as-5 ℃, 25 ℃, 60 ℃, 75 ℃, the modulation electric flow valuve when keeping extinction ratio constant is determined constant a, b, c, d in the following formula (3) according to these data
I＝at
3+bt
2+ct+d…………………………………………………(3)
In the formula: I is the modulation electric flow valuve, and t is a temperature, and a, b, c, d are constant.
In the total temperature scope-5 ℃～75 ℃, every interval compensates for 2 ℃, temperature is brought into formula (3) calculate one group of modulated current smooth value.
Be further to improve control precision, obtain smooth value again after, can average with empirical value, then this mean value is deposited in single-chip microcomputer 1, as modulated current and temperature compensation data table.
The software of the constant control method of extinction ratio comprises following flow process:
As Fig. 4,
1. read laser temperature L;
2. look into temperature and bias current table M;
3. modulated current O is set.
Claims (9)
1, the constant automatic control optical module of a kind of SCM Based average light power and extinction ratio is characterized in that: mainly comprise single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), temperature sampling circuit (3), drive circuit for laser (4), back facet current sample circuit (5), protective circuit (6) and laser assembly (7);
Single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), drive circuit for laser (4), laser assembly (7), back facet current sample circuit (5) and single-chip microcomputer (1) are connected successively, realize the constant control of average light power;
Single-chip microcomputer (1), digital to analog converter (2), drive circuit for laser (4), laser assembly (7), temperature sampling circuit (3) and single-chip microcomputer (1) are connected successively, realize the constant control of extinction ratio;
Temperature sampling circuit (3) is arranged near the laser assembly (7), obtains the temperature of laser assembly (7);
Protective circuit (6) is arranged between drive circuit for laser (4) and the laser assembly (7), realizes the protection to laser assembly (7).
2, by the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Single-chip microcomputer 1 adopts Silicon Laboratories C8051F330, temperature, the luminous power of monitoring laser assembly (7), and control digital to analog converter (2) is provided with bias current and modulated current.
3, by the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Protective circuit (6) is made up of triode and resistance, by software control.
4,, it is characterized in that by host computer Control Parameter being set gives single-chip microcomputer by the constant control method of average light power of the described optical module of claim 1;
Controlled step is as follows:
1. carry out power by host computer and report calibration, one biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, back facet current sample circuit (5) is converted into voltage to this power, be input to after single-chip microcomputer (1) carries out analog-to-digital conversion, export diode current backlight and give host computer; Equally, an other biased electrical flow point is set, readout power meter reading input host computer interface, single-chip microcomputer (1) output diode current backlight is given host computer, by above data computation formula: P=KI
PbConstant K, b among the+b;
2. by host computer layout setting output average optical power point, promptly set-point, bias current are adjusted the error range of step value, permission control;
3. single-chip microcomputer (1) judges by the diode current backlight of sampling repeatedly whether average light power reaches in the error range of the value of setting permission; If exceed error range, single-chip microcomputer (1) increases by the stepping that is provided with or reduces bias current, controls average light power in the error allowed band.
5, by the constant control method of the described average light power of claim 4, the software control flow process of its host computer:
1. the bias current (A) of first point is set;
2. judge whether to read the luminous power (B) under this bias current, be then to enter flow process 3., otherwise be turned back to flow process 2.;
3. the bias current (C) of second point is set;
4. judge whether to read the luminous power (D) under this bias current, be then to enter flow process 5., otherwise be turned back to flow process 4.;
5. by top two groups of data computation K, b value E.
6, by the constant control method of the described average light power of claim 4, the software control flow process of its single-chip microcomputer:
1. Single Chip Microcomputer (SCM) program initialization (F);
2. the diode current backlight (G) of taking a sample;
3. the magnitude of voltage substitution formula P=KI of flow process in 2.
Pb+ b calculates performance number (H);
4. judging that given performance number deducts step and calculates the gained performance number in 3. and whether satisfy assigned error, is process ends then; Otherwise enter flow process and 5. adjust bias current (I);
Do not satisfy error requirements if 5. calculate the difference of gained power and given power, just adjust bias current (J), enter flow process then 2..
7, by the constant control method of extinction ratio of the described automatic control optical module of claim 1, it is characterized in that:
Determine that by repetition test temperature and modulated current are provided with table, utilize lookup table mode that modulated current is set and keep extinction ratio constant;
Controlled step is as follows:
1. by the voltage of thermistor sampling laser temperature correspondence, input single-chip microcomputer (1) carries out analog-to-digital conversion;
2. single-chip microcomputer (1) passes through formula operation: T=aV
3+ bV
2+ cV+d is voltage transitions that temperature is tabled look-up;
3. single-chip microcomputer (3) is found the modulation electric flow valuve under the relevant temperature, and output removes to control laser driver circuit (4).
8, the constant control method of extinction ratio according to claim 7 is characterized in that:
Temperature and modulated current table are empirical values, because device consistency problem, there is certain error in this empirical value, 4 calibration methods have been adopted for revising this error: under four temperature of test module, keep the constant required modulated current of extinction ratio, these data input host computers calculate one group of smoothed data, ask arithmetic mean with empirical value then, and preserve this group tables of data input single-chip microcomputer by host computer the back.
9, by the constant control method of the described extinction ratio of claim 7, it is characterized in that single-chip microcomputer (1) software control flow process:
1. read laser temperature (L);
2. look into temperature and bias current table (M);
Modulated current (O) 3. is set.
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