CN101484095A - 椎间盘假体 - Google Patents

椎间盘假体 Download PDF

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CN101484095A
CN101484095A CNA2006800491100A CN200680049110A CN101484095A CN 101484095 A CN101484095 A CN 101484095A CN A2006800491100 A CNA2006800491100 A CN A2006800491100A CN 200680049110 A CN200680049110 A CN 200680049110A CN 101484095 A CN101484095 A CN 101484095A
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prosthese
cushion pad
plate
thin film
pad
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V·珀因特拉特
R·阿萨克
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Assaker Richard
Pointillart Vincent
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Warsaw Orthopedic Inc
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Abstract

一种椎间盘假体(4)，其包括：刚性顶板(5)；刚性底板(6)；和被接纳在板(5，6)的两个内表面之间的弹性可压缩中间缓冲垫；其与众不同之处在于，所述假体组件沿厚度方向可再分成两个单元，这两个单元通过互补的接触面相互抵靠。

Description

椎间盘假体
技术领域
本发明涉及用于完全或部分地替换天然椎间盘以提供两个脊柱椎骨间的连接的椎间盘假体，而不管所涉及的脊柱部分。
背景技术
每个脊柱椎间盘由称为髓核(nucleus pulposus)的中央元件构成，髓核被包围在称为盘环的纤维卷中。椎间盘提供两个椎体间的连接，它控制脊柱的屈曲、弯曲和旋转运动。在老化、重劳力或某些退行性疾病状态下，椎间盘可能受损，然后变平和/或丧失功能。这可导致各种类型的病理学，或多或少地导致多重疼痛，并导致或多或少的程度的残疾。
对这种病症的治疗包括：切除患病的椎间盘，然后用可活动或可变形的元件，或用易于使所涉及的两个椎骨互连的元件置换。
已提及几种假体来置换椎间盘，但是它们仅仅部分地令人满意。这些假体可确实地保留椎骨间的运动性和使椎骨间的距离恢复至接近健康椎间盘所能提供的值。然而，在提供这种运动性的过程中，它们施加了与两椎骨间天然的相对运动不相容或者仅仅部分相容的特定机能。在大多数情况下，这些假体所施加机能的机能为其所特有的，包括其旋转中心及其各种平面之间的导引部分，并会不可避免地将干涉仍保留在两椎骨间的天然连接元件，尤其是后关节小面。在这方面必须小心定位假体，因为任何不精确的定位都将增加假体机能与天然机能之间冲突的严重性。这一非生理运动将导致不希望的临床后果。甚至可能导致部件迁移或假体移位。
而且，大多数已知假体对于恢复正常的颈椎或腰椎脊柱前凸是不合适的。恢复椎骨间的距离没有考虑到椎骨序列中一个椎骨到下一椎骨达到这种天然前凸所需的倾斜度，而倾斜度的存在对于脊柱整体，尤其是相邻脊柱高度的正常生物力学是有用的。
而且，已知的假体不具有缓冲作用。这种涉及天然机能与假体机能间的冲突的不恰当性的结果可导致天然元件和假体元件过早磨损，从而引起导致患者临床状态恶化的风险。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于用一种结构简单并易于设置到位的盘假体来弥补那些缺点。
为此，本发明提供了一种椎间盘假体，包括：
·刚性顶板；
·刚性底板；和
·被接纳在所述板的两个内表面之间的弹性可压缩中间缓冲垫；
该组件的特征在于，所述假体组件沿厚度方向可再分成两个单元，这两个单元通过互补的接触面相互抵靠。
这种结构不会在它所连接的两个椎骨之间施加任何应力连接(自然，这适用于与天然相对运动相对应的程度)。结果，导引这种相对运动的天然导引件仍然占优(尤其是后关节小面)，其完整性被保留。此外，在这些接触面上，通过选择合适的形状和状态，可以控制该表面上发生的应力和变形的性质和集中度。
在本发明的第一个实施方式中，沿中间缓冲垫的厚度形成互补接触面，优选是锯齿和凸起(齿)的形式，所述接触面之一的凸起与另一接触面的凸起互补，因而至少通过其齿腹面相互接触。
在本发明一个优选的实施方式中，位于板的两个内表面之间的弹性可压缩中间缓冲垫在自由状态下，在所述两块板之间具有大致楔形。这种楔形结构能够恢复脊柱前凸，所述脊柱前凸是随着椎间盘的退化而退化。
通过例子的方式，缓冲垫可基于高密度聚乙烯、高密度聚氨酯、硅氧烷、或上述材料的复合物。
假体优选包括缓冲垫的包容薄膜(contention membrane)，薄膜固定于板。包容薄膜能够避免假体的生物学侵入和移生。虽然所用材料都是生物相容的，薄膜仍然能够将缓冲垫与相邻的生物介质完全隔离，形成防止任何可能来自缓冲垫的颗粒侵入组织的屏障。
薄膜可以是固定于板的盘环(使缓冲垫与各个板直接接触)，或者薄膜可以是气密密封袋，包裹缓冲垫，通过粘合剂粘结于板，或者薄膜夹在各个板与铆接于其的背衬板之间，背衬板的另一面与缓冲垫相接触。
通过阅读下面的说明可理解其他结构排列。尤其要提及的是，假体两板之间存在系带，该系带使假体保持压缩状态而更容易放置到位。本发明假体的两个优点在于，容易放置到位，不需要很大的精确性，因为其自由度无需与两椎骨间存在的天然自由度相“匹配”。
附图说明
通过下面给出的一些实施方式，本发明的其他特征和优点将显而易见。
参考附图，其中：
图1示出了被设置在两个颈椎椎骨之间的本发明假体。
图2示出了本发明假体的一个实施方式的分解图。
图3是通过可切断系带而闭合并保持压缩的图2假体的视图。
图4示出了可压缩缓冲垫的一个实施方式。
图5示出了上图中可压缩缓冲垫的一个变型实施方式。
图6示出了对半折叠的上图中的缓冲垫。
图7示出了可压缩缓冲垫的一个变型实施方式。
图8是本发明假体另一个实施方式的分解图。
具体实施方式
图1示出了两个连续的颈部椎骨1和2以及后关节小面3，椎骨各自具有椎体1a和2a。在椎体之间示意性地示出了假体4，它包括两块端板5和6以及形式为楔形可压缩缓冲垫的中间体7，其尖端或顶点(薄的一端)位于后侧位置，图中右手部分代表脊柱前侧区域。
假体端板5和6通过主体表面与椎体1a和2a相接触，在切除受损的天然椎间盘之后，所述主体表面接受预制备。这些板的外表面可包括锚定装置，例如缓解、改善骨骼固定的部分；也可利用螺钉或任何其他等效元件。脊柱被显示为前凸一个角度A，将两个椎骨的相对取向施加到假体上。
在图2中，可见板5和6各自具有内表面5a、6a，它们被画成平面，但也可以是大致球形或呈圆柱形凹入的形状。可压缩缓冲垫7固定于板。缓冲垫被包容薄膜8所包裹，该包容薄膜使缓冲垫与患者身体其余部分生物性隔离。薄膜可通过任何合适的方式固定于假体其余部分。例如，可提及固定于每块板的边缘(尤其是通过卷边)的“圆柱形”薄膜；薄膜也可通过以下方式封闭，其边缘夹在每块板的内表面与例如通过铆接而匹配于薄膜的背衬板之间。薄膜也可以是粘结着板的全封闭袋的形式。
图3示出了准备好插入两椎骨之间的假体状态，该状态对应于可压缩垫7被系带10保持在压缩状态，系带10位于假体4前表面并且在假体被放置椎体1a和2a之间后易于断裂。系带也可被定位成围绕整个假体，这样，在需要时，可由外科医生通过后路途径切割以实现断裂和消除。
在该图中，可见板5和6的尺寸为在假体的后侧部分从缓冲垫后缩，缓冲垫通过楔形尖端旁的部分9超出板。
图4是对应于上图的一个细节，示出了对半折叠的弹性可压缩缓冲垫7，缓冲垫7具有绕部分7c而相互折叠的两个部分7a和7b，部分7c构成形成为折叠铰链的较薄区域，该较薄区域构成楔形的后端。因此，假体可再分成相互间通过互补的接触面协同作用的两个单元，接触面在这里示意性地表示为平面。
在图5中，所示缓冲垫11类似地具有绕较薄区域11c相互折叠的两个薄膜11a和11b，较薄区域11c用作折叠铰链，这样，如图6所示，当两部分相互抵靠折叠时，锯齿12相互穿插。应理解，在该实施方式中，使两个假体单元协同作用的接触面是复杂的：它包括相互穿插的齿腹。在制造时，可以根据缓冲垫所需的弹性特征和行为来选择锯齿12的倾斜角、锯齿数以及它们的外形等。
在一种变体中(未示出)，锯齿是弯曲的，例如呈以铰链旁为中心的圆弧。
在另一种变体中(未示出)，两部分11a和11b可为相互分离(省去铰链)，仅仅通过交错的锯齿而重叠。
在图7中，显示缓冲垫13构成一种凝胶芯14的弹性胶囊，凝胶芯14可根据椎间运动期间缓冲垫被压缩的程度而变形。在该实施方式中，假体同样满足本发明的一般定义，即凝胶片使假体再分成两个单元，这些单元具有通过凝胶实现相互协同作用的表面。换言之，通过凝胶片提供表面的功能性互补。
最后，图8显示了假体的一个变型实施方式，其中再现了上述大多数元件并给出相同的标号。在薄膜内部(未示出)，该变型实施方式具有与端板之一毗邻的两个滑片15和16，位于缓冲垫与该板之间。在该实施方式中，假体在缓冲垫外侧被分成两个单元，互补表面是滑动面，制备表面状态以对应所需的行为。缓冲垫被显示为单片式。它也可以被制成相互折叠的两部分，除实现上述两单元相互分离所赋予的假体性能外还具有滑动的能力。
有益地，板5和6中至少一个、优选两者都被构造成，假体的缓冲垫超出板而在板的后方，以在脊柱后部附近留出空间，该空间中无金属元件，这样做是出于两个原因：
·通过使板的金属部分保持远离，在该脊柱后部限制人造物(退化成像)；和
·有利于解压缩(切除椎板后侧楔形物)
最后，应该提到，上述假体对应于采用前路途径将其放置到位的单片式假体。在适于通过后路途径放置到位的实施方式中，它应该包括两个半假体部分，这两个半假体部分通过侧路途径放置到位，从而被设置在天然椎间盘的剩余部分(髓核)的两侧。每个半假体的形状应被配置成适用于它所遇到的形态，例如从上方看为四季豆形。采用各种上述变体，两半假体应再分成两个单元。

Claims (10)

1.一种椎间盘假体(4)，包括：
·刚性顶板(5)；
·刚性底板(6)；和
·被接纳在所述板(5，6)的两个内表面之间的弹性可压缩中间缓冲垫；
其中，所述假体组件沿厚度方向被再分成两个单元，这两个单元通过互补的接触面相互抵靠。
2.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，在自由状态下，所述假体在所述两板之间大致为楔形。
3.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体包括用于所述缓冲垫(7)的包容薄膜(8)，所述薄膜固定于所述板(5，6)。
4.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述缓冲垫(7)是对半折叠的部件。
5.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体包括用于使所述缓冲垫保持在压缩状态的系带(10)，在所述假体放置到位后，所述系带(10)适于被切断。
6.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述两个单元的所述互补接触面设置有交错的锯齿(12)。
7.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述缓冲垫(7，11)包括由较薄区域(7c，11c)所联接的两个部分(7a，7b；11a，11b)，所述较薄区域(7c，11c)形成将一个部分折叠到另一个部分上的铰链。
8.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，上述两个互补表面构成包含在所述缓冲垫(13)内的凝胶片(14)的壁。
9.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述假体在所述缓冲垫(7)与所述板(5，6)中的一个之间具有两个滑片(15，16)。
10.如权利要求1所述的假体，其特征在于，所述板(5，6)在它们的后部受到限制，因而所述假体的所述缓冲垫的后侧部分(9)从所述板伸出。
CNA2006800491100A 2005-11-16 2006-11-14 椎间盘假体 Pending CN101484095A (zh)

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