CN101479413B - 玄武岩连续纤维绝缘和耐火材料和套管以及其构造方法 - Google Patents

玄武岩连续纤维绝缘和耐火材料和套管以及其构造方法 Download PDF

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CN101479413B
CN101479413B CN2007800239627A CN200780023962A CN101479413B CN 101479413 B CN101479413 B CN 101479413B CN 2007800239627 A CN2007800239627 A CN 2007800239627A CN 200780023962 A CN200780023962 A CN 200780023962A CN 101479413 B CN101479413 B CN 101479413B
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敏敏·陈
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Abstract

一种阻燃绝缘材料和构造其的方法具有由连续玄武岩纤维构造的纺织织物。该连续玄武岩纤维优选地弯曲或缠绕。该绝缘材料可以布置为任何构造,如片、面板或套管,并且可以编织、纺织或编结。

Description

玄武岩连续纤维绝缘和耐火材料和套管以及其构造方法
相关申请的交叉参考
本申请要求递交于2006年5月1日的美国临时申请No.60/796,395的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在这里。
技术领域
本发明涉及绝缘材料,更具体地涉及至少部分由玄武岩连续纤维构造的绝缘材料和管状套管。
背景技术
在发动机舱内或靠近热源(如排气歧管)设置的汽车、航空、铁路和航海部件会经历严苛的热环境。进而,不希望的热传递也会发生在如发动机、排气系统和/或变速箱等热源与汽车、航空器、火车或船的乘员舱之间。石油和天然气探测和钻探工具也需要保护免于暴露于热和火花和火面前。在本领域中使用绝缘材料来形成绝缘面板或套管以减少从热源到其他邻近部件的热传递是已知的。这些绝缘材料必需适于它们预定的用途并且经过极度条件的测试以确保它们的适合性。例如在航空工业中,温差极大并且部件对于温度异乎寻常地敏感,这些绝缘材料必需能够保护部件免受特别严苛的环境和条件。这些严苛的环境可能包括暴露于明火,所以如果该绝缘材料能耐火的话也是有好处的。
现有技术有很多用作这种面板的热绝缘材料。例如,已知使用各种纤维材料及其合成物来作为这种面板或套管的绝缘材料。矿物纤维,如玻璃纤维、硅石、玄武岩和陶瓷纤维在本领域中都是已知的绝缘材料。这些材料中的每个具有不同的特性,例如,不同的物理和机械属性,工作温度范围,热属性和耐化学性,这些特性使得每种材料更加适合某些特定应用。
现代发动机比若干年前的发动机运行在更高的温度,并且因此,用于这些现代发动机的热绝缘材料需要在比甚至最近的使用的那些材料更苛刻的环境下运行。一些现代应用要求在极端温度下对部件保护,这是一些现有材料所无法提供的。因此,要求汽车、航空、列车和船制造商使用更新和更加结实的材料以提供足够的性能以用于这种应用。此外,许多需要用于保护抵抗极高热量的新的苛刻环境已经不断涌现,这是由于在非常接近发热或导热体的地方越来越多地使用热敏感部件(例如,传感器)造成。
发明内容
纺织绝缘材料至少部分由多个弯曲的玄武岩连续纤维制造。按照本发明多个方面,这些弯曲的玄武岩连续纤维可以编织、纺织和/或编结为适于预期用途的织物、套管或其他结构。该织物、套管或其他结构可涂有高温涂层,如丙烯酸树脂、聚酯、氨基甲酸乙酯、环氧树脂、硅树脂等。
按照本发明的另一方面,纺织绝缘材料可利用多个缠绕的玄武岩连续纤维制造。类似于上面提到的那些弯曲的玄武岩连续纤维,这些缠绕的玄武岩连续纤维可以编织、纺织或编结为适于预期用途的织物、套管或其他结构。该织物、套管或其他结构可涂有高温涂层,如丙烯酸树脂、聚酯、氨基甲酸乙酯、环氧树脂、硅树脂等。
考虑到上面所述,按照本发明制造的这些绝缘材料具有结实的性能特性并且能够对温度敏感部件提供保护抵抗极端温度。这些材料还容易操作并且能够广泛地在车辆各处使用,例如能够形成各种形状和形成为弹性结构。另外,这些材料在设计、制造和使用中是经济的。本发明的这些材料会在许多领域中找到应用,包括但不限于,汽车、航海、航空、铁路以及油和气勘探和钻探设备。
本发明更大范围应用从下面具体描述和权利要求将变得清晰可见。然而,应当理解该详细的描述和特定的示例,尽管指明本发明的当前优选实施例,仅仅是作为说明给出,因为对于本领域的技术人员,在本发明的主旨和范围内显然可做出各种变化和修改。
附图说明
当结合当前优选实施例和最佳模式的详细描述、所附权利要求和附图考虑时,本发明的这些和其他方面、特征和优点将变得显而易见,其中:
图1是按照一个本发明当前优选实施例、使用多个玄武岩连续纤维构件构造的纺织材料的局部剖视图;
图2是按照另一个本发明当前优选实施例、使用多个玄武岩连续纤维构造的管状封闭壁的纺织套管局部立体视图;
图3是按照另一个本发明当前优选实施例、使用多个玄武岩连续纤维构造的管状开口壁的纺织套管的局部立体视图;以及
图4是按照另一个本发明当前优选实施例、使用多个玄武岩连续纤维构造的另一个管状纺织套管的局部立体视图。
具体实施方式
更详细地参考附图,图1说明按照一个本发明当前优选实施例、由多个玄武岩连续纤维12构造的纺织绝缘材料10。这些玄武岩连续纤维12是耐火的并且提供抵抗极端高温(例如,760℃)和极端低温(例如,-260℃)的热防护。按照本发明利用交织的连续玄武岩纤维12制造的织物片、面板、套管或其他结构优于,并且可用来补充或替换当今使用的许多绝缘和耐火材料。作为非限制性的示例,套管14、15、16分别在图2-4中示出,分别地,其中这些套管14、15、16至少部分由这些玄武岩连续纤维12制造,并因此可用来例如隔绝暴露于极高热(如温度500℃到760℃的排气管)的管子或隔绝低温管或罐(如液氮或压缩天然气罐,其分别可达到低至-191℃和-161℃的温度)。
按照本发明的一个方面,多个这些玄武岩连续纤维12布置为形成纱线或类纱线股18。在一个当前优选实施例中,该类纱线股18卷曲以增加该股18的体积并且在该股18体内产生空气腔。通过卷曲该玄武岩连续纤维纱线18,其可利用降低重量的纱线提供增强的热保护,同时还提供增强的声音属性。在一个当前优选实施例中,纱线18的股是喷气变形的并且具有大约1800特(tex)的密度。在另一个当前优选实施例中,纱线18的股受到拉伸变形而不是喷气变形。这样,该纱线18可以变形以获得任何合适的密度。一般而言,较细的纱线18用来该制作更加弹性的材料以及较重的纱线18用来提供增加的覆盖范围。所以,该纱线密度的选择和要使用的玄武岩纤维的选取取决于要构造的材料类型以及所得到的材料的预期应用。在又一个当前优选实施例中,纱线18的股是缠绕的,而不是卷曲。在这个结构中,该纱线18具有大约260特(tex)的密度并且缠绕为每米120支(turns),尽管根据所需要的应用可以使用任何股密度和捻度(每米支数)。已经发现该绝缘材料耐磨性随着缠绕程度的增加而增加。在又一个当前优选实施例中,该股18首先卷曲然后缠绕。所产生的许多这些卷曲和/或缠绕玄武岩连续纤维纱线18用来构造具有单一结构的绝缘材料,如在下面更完整地描述的。
已经获得的若干该玄武岩连续纤维纱线股18然后布置为产生所需绝缘材料结构的构造。在一个实施例中,编织这些股18以产生该绝缘材料10或套管14、15、16,然而可使用任何构造方法来交织这些股18,包括但不限于编织、纺织、缝制、钩编、编结。取决于应用,可以优选前述构造方法的一个或多个。例如,在有些情况中,编结弯曲的玄武岩连续纤维套管可能是优选的,因为其具有更大的覆盖范围和更轻的重量。
此外,该绝缘纺织材料10可形成为任何构造,包括但不限于该纺织织物10和套管14、15、16,其中这些套管14、15、16可具有连续的闭合的环壁20(图2),或开口壁20(图3)结构,其具有纵向边17、19,优选地沿该套管15的长度彼此重叠。进而,这些套管14、15、16可包括一层或多层绝缘材料。作为非限制性的示例,如图4所示,该绝缘套管16可创建为单层编织套管,其向回弯折在其本身上面以形成该套管16的两层20、22,或单层编织套管可以反复折叠在其本身上以形成多层套管。另外,任何这些套管14、15、16可涂以高温涂层,如图2中用21表示的,如果需要不同于自然玄武岩的颜色,高温涂层还可以包括颜料。
按照本发明的另一个方面,除了由玄武岩连续纤维构造的这些绝缘层20之外,如图1中以23表示的层可以存在于该材料10或套管14、15、16。这些额外的层23可包括,例如,硅树脂、橡胶、铝或其他金属、环氧树脂、碳纤维、陶瓷和塑料,或它们的组合。这样,该绝缘套管14、15、16可包括一个或多个编织或编结的玄武岩连续纤维20的绝缘层与涂覆在绝缘材料20的外表面的层23,例如硅树脂-橡胶涂层)。除了前面提到的材料层,可以使用其他类型的材料层,如当所描述的绝缘材料10和套管14、15、16用以保护航空器软管在暴露于火时立即燃烧时适于使用。在这个应用中,该材料10和/或套管14、15、16可以涂有发泡型防火涂料,在图3中以25表示。该发泡型防火涂料25可以粘附到该材料10或套管14、15、16以对弯曲的玄武岩连续纤维套管14、15、16提供额外的绝缘和耐火性。该发泡型防火涂料25可以仅应用到这些套管14,15,16或材料10的最外层,或根据需要应用到全部表面。
上面描述的该绝缘和耐火材料10和套管14、15、16可用在许多应用中。例如,包括玄武岩连续纤维纱线18的该编织、纺织或编结的套管14、15、16可用来隔绝排气管以防止由该排气管产生的极高热量损坏在该车辆中附近的温度敏感部件。该套管14、15、16的编织结构是一种优选结构,因为它容易安装,这是由于编织纱线为这些套管14、15、16的一个或多个壁提供径向扩展性。如上面所表述的,该玄武岩连续纤维纱线18可以弯曲或缠绕,而在许多应用中该弯曲型号是优选的。
前面的讨论公开和描述了本发明的示范性实施例。本领域的技术人员从这个描述、从这些附图和权利要求将会容易认识到可在其中进行各种改变、修改和变化而不背离本发明由所附权利要求限定的主旨和范围。

Claims (24)

1.一种阻燃绝缘材料,包括:
至少一纺织物层,该纺织物其至少部分由纱线构成,该纱线由多个连续玄武岩长丝形成,这些长丝交织以使这些连续玄武岩长丝形成整体结构。
2.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述结构是管状套管。
3.如权利要求2所述的绝缘材料,其中所述管状套管具有由管状外壁围绕的管状内壁。
4.如权利要求3所述的绝缘材料其中所述内壁是由机织、针织或编结织物之一制造的,以及所述外壁是由机织、针织或编结织物之一制造的。
5.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述结构是机织物。
6.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述结构是针织物。
7.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述结构是编结织物。
8.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,包括至少另一个材料层。
9.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述纱线是卷曲的。
10.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,其中所述纱线是缠绕的。
11.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,进一步包括发泡型防火涂料,其粘附于所述至少一纺织物层。
12.如权利要求1所述的绝缘材料,进一步包括硅树脂-橡胶涂层,其粘附于所述至少一纺织物层。
13.一种制造阻燃绝缘材料的方法,包括:
将多个纱线彼此交织以形成纺织物,所述纱线由多个连续玄武岩长丝形成。
14.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括在以针织工艺执行所述交织。
15.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括在机织工艺中执行所述交织。
16.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括在编结工艺中执行所述交织。
17.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括将所述纺织物制造为管状套管。
18.如权利要求17所述的方法,进一步包括构造所述管状套管为具有连续的闭合的圆周壁。
19.如权利要求17所述的方法,进一步包括构造所述管状套管为具有沿该套管的长度延伸的重叠边缘的壁。
20.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括将发泡型防火涂料粘附到所述纺织物。
21.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括将硅树脂-橡胶涂层粘附到所述纺织物。
22.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括卷曲所述多个纱线。
23.如权利要求22所述的方法,进一步包括在所述卷曲之后缠绕所述多个纱线。
24.如权利要求13所述的方法,进一步包括缠绕所述多个纱线。
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