CN101477196B - Vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system and processing method - Google Patents
Vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system and processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101477196B CN101477196B CN2009100281413A CN200910028141A CN101477196B CN 101477196 B CN101477196 B CN 101477196B CN 2009100281413 A CN2009100281413 A CN 2009100281413A CN 200910028141 A CN200910028141 A CN 200910028141A CN 101477196 B CN101477196 B CN 101477196B
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Abstract
The invention provides a vibration Raman laser radar scattering optical processing system based on a narrow bandpass filter and a reflex prism, and a processing method thereof. Aiming at two problems of a wide dynamic range of laser radar signal intensity and strong noise signal relative to a Raman scattering signal, the method and the system divide back scattering light into a high channel and a low channel for detecting and sufficiently utilize the narrow bandpass filter to improve the accuracy of temperature measurement and enlarge the range of the temperature measurement. An upper noise signal is relative weak, and can be fed into a photoelectric detection system for detecting through the narrow bandpass filter for once; and a lower noise signal is strong, the back scattering light of atmosphere passes through the same optical filter for twice by special optical technology, and spectrum of total transmittance is equivalent to squared spectrum of single transmittance so as to furthest suppress photonoise. After elastic scattering and background light of emission wavelength are compressed, under the condition of a multiplier tube is unsaturated, the echo intensity of the Raman scattering signal can be improved by increasing single pulse energy of emission laser, thereby achieving the aims of improving the accuracy of the temperature measurement and enlarging the range of the temperature measurement.
Description
Technical field
The present invention has designed a kind of vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system and disposal route thereof; Through the design light path rear orientation light that the Raman lidar system receives is handled respectively; Its high and medium is directly surveyed the signal through narrow band pass filter; And the low latitude passage makes twice of atmospheric backscatter signal through narrow band pass filter, further compress the Raman lidar system in noise, can improve system signal noise ratio.In atmospheric sounding temperature profile information process, the invention solves the big and low latitude Raman scattering signal of laser radar dynamic range of signals and receive two problems of elastic scattering effect of signals.
Background technology
The atmospheric temperature profile all has important application in a plurality of research fields.Aspect climatology research, global warming is more and more paid attention to by people, and global warming makes that sea level rise, will make a lot of island countries face disaster; Extreme temperature weather is occurred again and again, and the appearance of extreme weather is to human lives, production deleterious impact.The long-term observation of temperature profile then shows, though the troposphere bottom temp is reducing, top, troposphere and Stratosphere Temperature are raising, and therefore, is to study an importance of climate change to the long term monitoring of atmospheric temperature profile.
Aspect meteorology research, atmospheric temperature is an important meteorologic parameter in atmospheric physics, synoptic analysis and the forecast.In atmospheric dynamics research, atmospheric temperature information is very important to atmospheric stability Journal of Sex Research and dynamics research accurately, and atmospheric temperature information can help the weather phenomenon of explaining in the nature accurately simultaneously, can improve the accuracy of numerical weather forecast.In the stratosphere atmospheric research, temperature then absorbs the solar radiation heating with ozone has much relations, and this district's temperature variation has reflected the variation of ozone indirectly, simultaneously, and upper atmosphere temperature and high-altitude gravity wave and general circulation structurally associated.Except that the research of geophysics aspect, the atmospheric temperature profile still is the input parameter of some other remote sensing means, for example uses Raman lidar to carry out scattering and delustring measurement etc.In a word, multinomial research presses for the atmospheric temperature profile information of bottom from the boundary layer to the middle layer.
Because the importance of atmospheric temperature, long-standing to the measurement of atmospheric temperature, except that traditional atmospheric temperature measurement mode, along with the development of photoelectron technology, the atmospheric temperature measurement laser radar develops into a kind of emerging atmospheric temperature measurement instrument gradually.The atmospheric temperature measurement laser radar has the high characteristics of spatial and temporal resolution, generally is divided into following several types: rotary Raman laser radar, vibrating Raman lidar, Rayleigh laser radar, metal-ion fluorescent laser radar.The laser radar of multiple technologies complements each other, and constitutes from ground the measurement system of 110Km temperature profile to the high-altitude jointly.Wherein, The vibrating Raman scattering laser radar uses Integral Technology inverting atmospheric temperature; The wavelength of surveying is different from emission wavelength, so do not need the high-resolution spectra part in the receiving system, has simplified laser radar system; Therefore, under the situation of measuring accuracy permission, can utilize the vibrating Raman scattering to replace pure rotational raman scattering.For the Rayleigh laser radar; General search coverage is that the above gasoloid of 30Km influences negligible zone, in the zone for 5-30Km, is higher than the limit that the rotary Raman laser radar is surveyed; Be lower than the detection limit of Rayleigh laser radar, can only use the rotary Raman laser radar to survey.The national research centre Philippe Keckhut1990 of France has reported the laser radar system of comprehensive use vibrating Raman and Rayleigh technology, and the measuring height that its vibrating Raman passage is minimum is 12Km.The vibrating Raman lidar measuring height of the Keith D.Evans of NASA report in 1997 is minimum to be 5Km, can overlap with the rotary Raman laser radar, but the maximum height of its measurement is merely 10Km, can not reach the minimum altitude of Rayleigh thermometric.Domestic, this system of vibrating Raman lidar The measured results show thermometric accuracy in the 9-15Km scope that Chinese Academy of Sciences's Anhui ray machine is reported is higher.The result of detection of the vibrating Raman lidar of the how tame research unit of analysis-by-synthesis can be found out; The main cause that constrained vibration Raman lidar measurement range increases has two: one of which; Rotary Raman laser radar signal itself more weak (than the little 3-4 one magnitude of rice-Rayleigh signal); Its two, the existence of the laser radar equation square distance factor alters a great deal the dynamic range of laser radar signal, high spacing wave very a little less than.There is certain contradiction property in above-mentioned two reasons, a little less than the high-altitude Raman scattering signal, require to strengthen emission laser to obtain more Raman scattering; But the enhancing of laser energy; Rice-Rayleigh signal is strengthened simultaneously, even make photomultiplier saturated, be unprofitable to improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system.
Summary of the invention
The technical matters that the present invention solves: survey through two passages in minute high-altitude and low latitude; Solve the big problem of dynamic range of laser radar signal; And, make twice of light signal through filtering to low latitude Channel Design light path, further compressed background noise and elastic scattering noise; The signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of raising system, thus improve the thermometric accuracy of Raman lidar and enlarged temperature measurement range.
Technical solution of the present invention is following:
Vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system, this system comprises:
(1) pulsed laser;
(2) first reflective mirror of reflected impulse laser and second reflective mirror;
(3) telescope of the back scattering light signal of collection atmosphere;
(4) aperture and the flashlight collimation lens of restriction receiving system field angle;
(5) the 3rd reflective mirrors;
The narrow band pass filter of (6) filtering optical signal noise;
(7) photomultiplier of sensed light signal;
(8) data acquisition processing system mainly comprises main control computer and photon counting card, and this system links to each other with photomultiplier with laser instrument; It is characterized in that:
(9) said photomultiplier comprises first photomultiplier and second photomultiplier, and two photomultipliers are separately positioned on the both sides sensed light signal of narrow band filter slice;
(10) system also comprises a prism, and it is arranged between first photomultiplier and the narrow band pass filter, and first photomultiplier is sent in the transmissive portions beam split, and the reflecting part beam split is sent into second photomultiplier behind the narrow band pass filter again.
The vibrating Raman lidar scattered light disposal route is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(1) main control computer control laser instrument emission pulse laser gets into atmosphere through two reflective mirror total reflections;
(2) back scattering of atmosphere is collected through telescope, through collimating mirror with the flashlight collimation;
(3) scattered light signal behind the collimation is through the first half of narrow band pass filter, the elastic scattering of filter out background noise and laser;
(4) light signal through a narrow band pass filter gets into prism, and on first reflecting surface, see through and the reflectance value of flashlight are 1: 1,
(5) transmitted light partly gets into first photomultiplier and carries out aerological sounding;
(6) light signal of reflecting part takes place to penetrate entirely anti-through second reflecting surface of prism; Lower Half by narrow band pass filter gets into narrow band pass filter (further filter out background noise and elastic scattering) for the second time, and surveys (light signal is converted into electric signal) by second photomultiplier;
(7) signal that detects of first, second photomultiplier carries out acquisition process by data acquisition processing system.
Said laser instrument is the Nd:YAG laser instrument among the present invention, and single pulse energy is adjustable, is 260mJ to the maximum, and laser works can be regulated pulsed laser energy through the mode of regulating the laser pumping electric current at the external trigger state.Said receiving telescope is a Cassegrain telescope, and focal length is 2m, is equipped with the acceptance angle that aperture limits whole laser radar.The bore of collimating mirror is 1cm, and flashlight is spot size 1cm behind collimation.Said narrow band pass filter, its effect be the Raman light signal that needs of reservation and filtering as the light signal that noise exists, be the core component of laser radar system; Its working diameter is 1 inch; Seeing through centre wavelength is 607nm, and peak transmittance is greater than 40%, and the compacting rate is 10 between the 200-1200nm
7, the theoretical compacting rate of 532nm can reach 10
12, narrow band pass filter to see through spectrum as shown in Figure 2.Said reflex prism, the plane of incidence are coated with the 607nm anti-reflection film, first reflecting surface be coated with 607nm wavelength part reflective semitransparent film, second reflecting surface is coated with the film that is all-trans of 607nm.The first half position of first reflecting surface of prism and the corresponding narrow band filter slice of first photomultiplier; The Lower Half position of second reflecting surface of prism and the corresponding narrow band filter slice of second photomultiplier.
Said photomultiplier has the detection that higher gain can realize single photon.Said data acquisition processing system comprises; Photon counting card and main control computer; The photon counting card is surveyed the electric signal of photomultiplier output, and the main control computer major function provides the gate-control signal of the external trigger pulse signal of laser instrument, two photomultipliers, the trigger pip of photon counting card.The sampling rate of photon counting card is 200MHz, and count threshold voltage is adjustable.
The advantage that the present invention compared with prior art has is:
(1) the invention solves the big problem of laser radar signal intensity dynamic range.With the signal of the laser radar of surveying be divided into high dead band, low dead band is surveyed respectively, the high-altitude is generally in the zone of 5-15km, the low latitude refers generally in the zone of 15-30km.The present invention uses two multiplier tubes and photon counting technique to survey respectively, has solved the problem that the laser radar dynamic range of signals is difficult to survey greatly.
(2) the further compression noise of the present invention.The design light path makes twice process of low space scattered light narrow band pass filter, further compressed background noise and elastic scattering noise, and the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of raising system makes investigative range expand to the low latitude.
(3) the present invention can improve the mode of single pulse energy, increases the systematic survey accuracy.Survey and twice compression noise through the laser radar segmentation, though the signal that system receives is more weak, therefore very pure Raman scattering signal, can further improve the signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of system through the mode that increases the laser radar single pulse energy.
(4) the invention solves the Wavelength matched problem of a plurality of optical filters.Obviously, if let low spacing wave, also can further compress the signal in low latitude, but certainly will there be Wavelength matched problem (centre wavelength of two narrow band pass filters is not necessarily identical) in this mode continuously through two narrow band pass filters.And in fact, technologic problem is arranged again, and two narrow band pass filters are difficult to accomplish that wavelength matees fully, wavelength does not match detection efficiency is descended.Even it is Wavelength matched that two optical filters can be accomplished, its transmitance centre wavelength also is not quite similar with variation of temperature, that is to say that temperature changes a little, and wavelength is coupling no longer just.And twice same optical filter of process of the flashlight that the present invention proposes owing to be same optical filter, do not exist Wavelength matched and influence ambient temperature, so solved the Wavelength matched problem of optical filter.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is the basic structure synoptic diagram of vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system.
Fig. 2 sees through the spectrum synoptic diagram for narrow band pass filter.
Fig. 3 is the prism structures synoptic diagram.
Among the figure: the 1-laser instrument; 2-first reflective mirror; 3-second reflective mirror; The 4-telescope; The 5-aperture; The 6-collimating mirror; 7-the 3rd total reflective mirror; The 8-narrow band pass filter; 81-flashlight single is through the optical transmission spectra of optical filter; Twice optical transmission spectra of 82-flashlight through optical filter;
The 9-prism; The 91-flashlight plane of incidence (being coated with the 607nm anti-reflection film); 92-first reflecting surface (being coated with 607nm half anti-film); 93-second reflecting surface (being coated with the film that is all-trans of 607nm);
10-first photomultiplier; 11-second photomultiplier; The 12-data acquisition processing system.
Embodiment:
As shown in Figure 1; The present invention is based on the vibrating Raman temperature survey laser radar of novel light path; It uses prism that the Raman scattering light signal is divided into two passages in high-altitude and low latitude; High-altitude light signal direct detection, the low latitude light signal passes through narrow band pass filter twice, can improve thermometric accuracy of Raman lidar and temperature measurement range.
As shown in Figure 2, narrow band pass filter see through spectrum, 81 for single through optical transmission spectra after the normalization of optical filter, 82 is to pass through the normalization optical transmission spectra of optical filter twice.Twice through percent of pass behind the optical filter be single pass through square, have higher noise signal compressed capability and narrower pass band width.
As shown in Figure 3, the prism plane of incidence 91 is coated with the 607nm anti-reflection film, first reflecting surface 92 be coated with 607nm wavelength part reflective semitransparent film, second reflecting surface 93 is coated with the film that is all-trans of 607nm.It is as shown in the figure that light signal moves towards, and wherein arrow is represented the trend of light, frame of broken lines width means light signal strength, and thickness is as shown in the figure.
This system is made up of laser instrument 1, first reflective mirror 2, second reflective mirror 3, telescope 4, aperture 5, collimating mirror 6, the 3rd total reflective mirror 7, narrow band pass filter 8, prism 9, first photomultiplier 10, second photomultiplier 11, data acquisition processing system 12.Wherein the effect of first, second reflective mirror is with the laser guide atmosphere of laser instrument and can to regulate the optical axis of laser easily parallel with telescopical optical axis.Telescope 4 is used to collect the backscatter signal light signal of atmosphere, and its caliber size has embodied the receiving ability size to scattered light.The effect of aperture 5 is to limit opening of the telescope; General telescopical field angle is far longer than the field angle of laser radar; Therefore need place an aperture by annex in telescopical focal plane, aperture keeps off a scattered light, field angle that therefore can restriction system.The effect of collimating mirror 6 is the rear orientation light that telescope receives is become directional light.The effect of narrow band pass filter 8 is the filtering noise light signal, and the noise that compressed background noise and elastic scattering noise cause is the core component of Raman lidar.The effect of prism 9 is a part of light is sent into the detector direct detection, and another part light is sent into the further compression noise of narrow band pass filter once more.The effect of first, second photomultiplier is to survey the Raman scattering signal that differing heights returns, and light signal is converted into electric signal.The effect of the main control computer of data acquisition processing system 12 is the whole system operation sequential is controlled, and gathers the output signal of two photomultipliers.High-altitude signal noise signal relatively a little less than, its signal is sent into Photodetection system after through a narrow band pass filter 8 and is surveyed.And the low latitude noise signal is very strong, uses the special optical design, and twice of the rear orientation light that makes atmosphere be through same narrow band pass filter 8, total optical transmission spectra be equivalent to the single optical transmission spectra square, suppressed optical noise greatly.After the elastic scattering of emission wavelength and bias light are compressed; Under the undersaturated situation of multiplier tube; Can improve the echo strength of Raman scattering signal through increasing the single pulse energy of emission laser, and then reach raising temperature survey accuracy and enlarge temperature measurement range.
Concrete implementation procedure below in conjunction with description of drawings Raman lidar system.
System boot work at first is that main control computer is provided with, and promptly sets the corresponding investigative range of first, second multiplier tube through the method that the time-delay gate is set.In laser radar when work,, main control computer provides laser instrument 1 and goes out light signal, and the laser that laser instrument 1 sends 532nm is through first, second reflective mirror entering atmosphere that is all-trans.Laser and atmospheric interaction produce Rayleigh scattering, Mie scattering and vibrating Raman scattering; Wherein preceding two kinds of scatterings do not change Wavelength of Laser and are commonly referred to as elastic scattering; The vibrating Raman scattering changes wavelength; Make laser become the light signal of 607nm, the luminous energy of elastic scattering is far longer than the energy of the light signal of Raman scattering.Three kinds of scattered lights are all collected by telescope 4; Get into the laser radar receiving system, be positioned at the field angle that aperture 5 on telescope 4 focal planes has limited receiving system, make field angle under the situation that comprises the Laser emission light beam; Reduce emission angle as far as possible, help reducing the influence of bias light.
Handle for ease of subsequent optical, the light signal of being collected by telescope 4 through collimating mirror 6 collimations, is sent into narrow band pass filter 8 at first through aperture 5 again behind the 3rd total reflective mirror 7.Behind the most of noise light signal of narrow band pass filter 8 filterings; 1: 1 transmission and reflection take place at prism 9 first reflectings surface 92 in flashlight; Transmitted light is surveyed (being the aerological sounding passage) by first photomultiplier 10; Through the mode of photomultiplier gate is set, promptly set out and make photomultiplier work after certain hour is sent in pulse at laser instrument 1, make first photomultiplier 10 only survey the Raman diffused light in high-altitude.At the light of the reflection of first reflecting surface 92, after total reflections take place second reflecting surface 93 of prism 9, send into narrow band pass filter 8 once more, further the noise introduced of elasticity of compression scattering from the Lower Half of narrow band pass filter 8.Undeniable, the light signal of the useful 607nm of system is also decayed, but its attenuation degree is far smaller than the decay to elastic scattering through narrow band pass filter 8 for twice.Therefore, be of value to the total signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) of raising system through the signal behind the narrow band pass filter 8 twice.Optical signals second photomultiplier 11 that passes through behind the narrow band pass filter 8 for twice is surveyed, and is same, through the mode of photomultiplier gate is set, makes second photomultiplier 11 only survey the Raman light signal in low latitude.The detection of signal is by the main control computer monitoring of data acquisition process 12 behind the gate of photomultiplier and the photomultiplier, and the single photon counting card is used in the wherein detection of photosignal.Like this; Laser pulse of laser instrument 1 every emission, main control computer all obtains the photon number profile that differing heights returns, owing to only send out a laser pulse; The photon number of systematic collection seldom; (for example 10000 laser pulses) behind the integration of a plurality of laser pulses must pass through in system, and the photon number of obtaining just can be used for inverting atmospheric temperature profile, therefore; The every photon number data protection behind integration after a while that differing heights is corresponding of laser radar system, and upgrade resulting atmospheric temperature profile.
Claims (9)
1. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system, this system comprises:
(a) pulsed laser (1);
(b) first reflective mirror (2) of reflected impulse laser and second reflective mirror (3);
(c) telescope (4) of the back scattering light signal of collection atmosphere;
(d) aperture (5) and the flashlight collimation lens (6) of restriction receiving system field angle;
(e) the 3rd reflective mirror (7);
(f) narrow band pass filter of filtering optical signal noise (8);
(g) photomultiplier of sensed light signal;
(h) data acquisition processing system (12) mainly comprises main control computer and photon counting card, and this data acquisition processing system links to each other with photomultiplier with laser instrument (1);
It is characterized in that:
Said photomultiplier comprises first photomultiplier (10) and second photomultiplier (11), and two photomultipliers are separately positioned on the both sides sensed light signal of narrow band pass filter (8);
Vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system also comprises a prism (9); It is arranged between first photomultiplier (10) and the narrow band pass filter (8); First photomultiplier (10) is sent in the transmissive portions beam split, and second photomultiplier (11) is sent in the reflecting part beam split again behind narrow band pass filter (8).
2. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system according to claim 1, wherein, telescope (4) is a Cassegrain telescope, focal length 2m; The bore of collimating mirror is 1cm, and flashlight is spot size 1cm behind collimation.
3. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system according to claim 1, wherein, narrow band pass filter (8) centre wavelength is 607nm, and diameter is 2.54cm, and 200-1200nm wave band compacting rate is 10
7
4. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system according to claim 1, wherein, prism (9) is an isosceles right-angle prism, and first reflecting surface (92) is coated with half anti-film, and second reflecting surface (93) is coated with the film that is all-trans.
5. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system according to claim 4, wherein, first reflecting surface (92) of said prism (9) and the first half position of the corresponding narrow band pass filter of first photomultiplier (10) (8); Second reflecting surface (93) of prism (9) and the Lower Half position of the corresponding narrow band pass filter of second photomultiplier (11) (8).
6. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light processing system according to claim 1, wherein, photon counting card sampling rate is 200MHz, count threshold voltage is adjustable.
7. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light disposal route is characterized in that it may further comprise the steps:
(a) main control computer control laser instrument (1) emission pulse laser gets into atmosphere through two reflective mirror total reflections;
(b) back scattering of atmosphere is collected through telescope (4), through aperture (5) restriction receiving system field angle, through collimating mirror (6) with the flashlight collimation;
(c) scattered light signal behind the collimation is through the first half of narrow band pass filter (8), the elastic scattering of filter out background noise and laser;
(d) light signal through a narrow band pass filter (8) gets into prism (9), is 1: 1 seeing through of the last flashlight of first reflecting surface (92) and reflectance value,
(e) transmitted light partly gets into first photomultiplier (10) and carries out aerological sounding;
(f) light signal of reflecting part gets into said narrow band pass filter (8) for the second time by the Lower Half of narrow band pass filter (8), and is surveyed by second photomultiplier (11) through second reflecting surface (93) total reflection of prism (9);
(g) signal that detects of first, second photomultiplier is gathered and is handled by data acquisition processing system (12).
8. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light disposal route according to claim 7, wherein, prism (9) is an isosceles right-angle prism, and first reflecting surface (92) is coated with half anti-film, and second reflecting surface (93) is coated with the film that is all-trans.
9. vibrating Raman lidar scattered light disposal route according to claim 7, wherein, narrow band pass filter (8) centre wavelength is 607nm, and diameter is 2.54cm, and 200-1200nm wave band compacting rate is 10
7
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