CN106483531B - Atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar and inversion method - Google Patents
Atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar and inversion method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106483531B CN106483531B CN201610948648.0A CN201610948648A CN106483531B CN 106483531 B CN106483531 B CN 106483531B CN 201610948648 A CN201610948648 A CN 201610948648A CN 106483531 B CN106483531 B CN 106483531B
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
- G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
- G01S17/88—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications
- G01S17/95—Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar and inversion methods, and the laser radar is by transmitting laser cell（1）, receiving telescope（2）, reception optical fiber（3）, detecting signal unit（4）And signal processing unit（5）Composition；Using high-resolution spectra detection method, measure the Rayleigh scattering light spectrum signal that 30km or more laser generates on atmospheric molecule, and the Raman diffused light spectrum signal that 30km or less laser generates on atmospheric molecule, utilize the raman scattering spectrum feature directly proportional on echo strength to Rayleigh Scattering Spectra, inverting obtains the atmospheric temperature comprising 30km above and below, has expanded the thermometric spatial dimension of Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar.Have the advantages that thermometric altitude range is wide, temperature measurement error is small.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Atmospheric Survey laser radar more particularly to atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radars.
Background technique
Atmospheric temperature is one of important parameter of atmosphere.In atmosphere 30km in 80km altitude range, atmosphere at
Divide based on neutral nitrogen and oxygen molecule, is the blind area of radio-wave sounding, the temperature of the interval relies primarily on laser thunder
It is detected up to technology.The mechanism of the laser radar detection interval is：Using laser irradiation to atmospheric molecule, Rayleigh scattering is generated, is led to
The echo strength of detection Rayleigh scattering is crossed, atmospheric density is obtained, then utilizes unit volume The Ideal-Gas Equation P=NRT
Temperature is calculated, wherein P is atmospheric pressure, can be obtained by atmospheric pressure model；N is density of gas molecules (point in unit volume
Sub- molal quantity)；R is gas constant；T is temperature, then available T=P/ (NR), and because：Laser radar Rayleigh scattering echo
Intensity IRayleigh=σRayleighN, then T=P σRayleigh/(IRayleigh), R wherein σRayleighIt is cut for the Rayleigh scattering of atmospheric molecule
Face, as long as measuring laser radar echo intensity IRayleighAtmospheric temperature can be measured.
But for 30km hereinafter, the measurement method is gradually deviated from actual temperature, and it is more downward, and deviation is bigger, so that
This method is no longer valid.This is because being no longer clean molecule in 30km or less atmosphere, but also contain more atmosphere
Aerosol (particulate matter, steam etc.), and height is lower, and atmospheric aerosol content is substantially bigger (certainly, if but encountering high-rise thin
When cloud, volcano, big region sandstorm weather, it is higher that upper atmosphere aerosol is also possible to content), the volume of atmospheric aerosol compared with
Molecule is much bigger, therefore aerosol scattering section is much larger than the scattering section of atmospheric molecule, causes to increase gas in echo-signal
Colloidal sol scatters (Mie scattering) ingredient, and what is obtained is Rayleigh-Mie scattering mixing resultant, keeps above-mentioned detection temperature retrieval no longer quasi-
Really.
And atmospheric aerosol content is with atmospheric humidity (moisture content), pollution (Particulate Pollution), volcanic ash and sand and dust
Change Deng variation, and the rule of these variations is difficult to accurately predict, can not accurately deduct from echo optical signal.Cause existing
Atmosphere Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar detectivity is lost to 30km atmospheric temperature below.
Raman scattering laser radar is the effective means for realizing lower atmosphere temperature sensing, 1 (Atmospheric of document
temperature profiling in the presence of clouds with a pure rotational Raman
Lidar by use of an interference-filter-based polychromator, APPLIED OPTICS
Vol.39, No.9,2000) a kind of method and system using rotational raman scattering detection lower atmosphere temperature is described, pass through
Two detection channels are detected, are separately detected to temperature change than more sensitive two Raman scattering of molecule bands, inverting obtains
Temperature.Since Raman scattering has atmospheric molecule generation, do not influenced by atmospheric aerosol content, but Raman scattering intensities are remote
Less than Rayleigh scattering, therefore Raman scattering is only limitted to low-altitude detection, and most Raman thermometric laser radar detection height is only several
Kilometer is to more than ten kilometers, the only only a few height that may detect 30-40km.
Document 2 (new method of pure rotation Raman spectroscopy inverting atmospheric temperature and aerosol backscattering coefficient, geophysics
Report, Vol.55, No.11：3527-3533,2012), the Principle Method similar with document 1 is taken, the difference is that, selected by
Two rotary Raman channels be two of nitrogen molecule J=4 and J=14 single branch spectral lines.
Shown in sum up, realize that the atmospheric temperature detecting of 30km above and below is to use two kinds of laser radars to realize at present
, and two detection channels are used to the detection of Raman scattering, system structure is complex.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of the present invention is：A kind of atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar is provided.The radar uses high-resolution
Spectral method of detection, the Rayleigh scattering light spectrum signal that detection 30km or more laser generates on atmospheric molecule, inverting obtain 30km
Above atmospheric temperature；And the raman scattering spectrum letter generated on atmospheric molecule using the following laser of channel detection 30km
Number, which corresponds to temperature-resistant one section of spectral signal in raman scattering spectrum, is produced on atmospheric molecule using laser
The raw raman scattering spectrum feature directly proportional on echo strength to Rayleigh Scattering Spectra, using Rayleigh scattering thermometric inverting class
As method, obtain 30km atmospheric temperature below, expanded the thermometric spatial dimension of Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar.Have
The advantage that system is succinct, thermometric altitude range is wide, temperature measurement error is small.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
Atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar is by transmitting laser cell, receiving telescope, reception optical fiber, signal
Detection unit and signal processing unit composition.
Wherein, the composition of detecting signal unit is：Collimating mirror, are sequentially coaxially installed in the output light path of reception optical fiber
One optical filter, the first focus lamp and the first photodetector；Spectroscope is mounted on the optical path between collimating mirror and the first optical filter
In, and be in 45 degree of angles with optical axis, the second optical filter, the second focus lamp and the are sequentially coaxially installed in spectroscopical reflected light path
Two photodetectors；First photodetector and the second photodetector export rice-Rayleigh signal I respectivelyMie+RayleighAnd Raman
Signal IRaman。
The reception optical axis of receiving telescope is parallel with the laser beam that laser cell issues is emitted, one end installation of reception optical fiber
In the focal point of receiving telescope, the other end is connected to the input terminal of detecting signal unit, and the meter -of detecting signal unit output is auspicious
Sharp signal IMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRamanIt is connected respectively to the input terminal of signal processing unit, transmitting laser cell output
Trigger signal be connected to the trigger signal input terminal of signal processing unit.
Atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar inversion method is as follows：
Temperature retrieval in 30km or more altitude range is calculated as follows：
T=P σRayleigh/(IMie+RayleighR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRayleighFor atmospheric molecule constant Rayleigh cross-section, IMie+RayleighFor rice-Rayleigh
Scattering strength, R are ideal gas constant.
Temperature retrieval in 30km or less altitude range is calculated as follows：
T=P σRaman/(IRamanR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRamanFor atmospheric molecule constant raman scattering cross section, IRamanFor Raman scattering intensities, R
For ideal gas constant.
Above-mentioned spectroscope is short wave pass filter, and the Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra reflection longer than optical maser wavelength, rice-Rayleigh dissipates
Penetrate spectral transmission.
The first above-mentioned optical filter is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is the laser wave for emitting laser cell and issuing
It is long, transmission bandwidth 20cm-1。
Above-mentioned second optical filter is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is 90.5cm longer than optical maser wavelength-1, transmission bandwidth
For 5cm-1。
Principle
It in the atmospheric scattering echo spectrum of laser excitation, is composed comprising Mie scattering, Rayleigh scattering spectrum and Raman Scattering Spectra,
In, the line width of Mie scattering spectrum is suitable with laser spectrum line width, the echo strength I of Mie scattering spectrumMieWith atmospheric aerosol particulate matter
Density is directly proportional；The line width of Rayleigh scattering spectrum is much larger than laser spectrum line width, the echo strength I of Rayleigh scattering spectrumRayleighWith it is big
Outgassing molecular density N is directly proportional；Mie scattering spectrum and Rayleigh scattering spectrum are superimposed, and what is received is rice-Rayleigh scattering spectrum
The intensity I mixedMie+Rayleigh, the ratio of the two with atmospheric aerosol particulate matter in atmosphere and atmospheric molecule ratio
Example changes and changes, and generally as the accounting that the increase Mie scattering of height is composed gradually decreases, (certainly, Mie scattering spectrum and Rayleigh are scattered
The accounting of spectrum is penetrated as pollution level has uncertain variability).But rice is dissipated currently without effective spectrum separation means
Penetrate the echo strength I of spectrumMieWith the echo strength I of Rayleigh Scattering SpectraRayleighAccurately separate.
Raman Scattering Spectra is generated on the both sides of Rayleigh scattering spectrum, Raman Scattering Spectra is laser irradiation nitrogen and oxygen into atmosphere
It is generated on the molecules such as gas, the side longer than optical maser wavelength is Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra, and the side than laser wave length is
Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra, because molecule has many rotational energy levels, Raman Scattering Spectra is also just corresponding with many spectral lines, respectively
The envelope that Raman scattering spectrum peak line is constituted changes with the variation of atmospheric temperature, but is deviateing optical maser wavelength
90.5cm-1The Raman spectrum spectral line intensity of position hardly changes with temperature, the intensity and atmosphere of the Raman spectrum spectral line
The density N of molecule is directly proportional.According to above-mentioned analysis, deviate optical maser wavelength 90.5cm-1The intensity of the Raman spectrum spectral line of position
IRamanWith the intensity I of Rayleigh scattering spectrumRayleighIt is directly proportional to atmospheric molecule density N, i.e.,：
IRaman=σRamanNLt
IRayleigh=σRayleighNLt
Wherein σRamanAnd σRayleighIt is known constant raman scattering cross section and the Rayleigh cross-section of atmospheric molecule, L respectively
For spatial resolution, t is temporal resolution, is thus obtained：
As long as from formula as can be seen that measuring IRaman, so that it may obtain IRayleigh。
Wherein, the temperature retrieval algorithm in 30 or more altitude ranges is：
Intercept IMie+RayleighThe detection data of middle 30km or more, this section of atmosphere do not have aerosol, signal IMie+RayleighIn
There is no Mie scattering signal, i.e., the I in this altitude rangeMie+Rayleigh=IRayleigh, with temperature retrieval formula T=P σRayleigh/
(IRayleighR it) obtains：
T=P σRayleigh/(IMie+RayleighR)
Temperature retrieval algorithm in 30km or less altitude range is：
Intercept IRamanMiddle 30km detection data below, utilizes the signal strength relationship of Rayleigh scattering and Raman scatteringAnd temperature retrieval formula T=P σRayleigh/(IRayleighR it) obtains：
T=P σRaman/(IRamanR)
In addition illustrate：30 range above should not be according to the relational expression Raman scattering signal of Rayleigh scattering and Raman scattering
Rayleigh scattering signal is substituted, because of raman scattering cross section σRamanLess than Rayleigh cross-section σRayleigh, so that the drawing of 30km or more
Making an uproar for graceful scattered signal letter is relatively low, will cause that inverting temperature error is big, the high problem of detection insufficient height, but 30km is to pull down
The signal-to-noise ratio of graceful signal can be substituted Rayleigh scattering and be believed by Rayleigh scattering and the relational expression of Raman scattering Raman scattering signal
Number inverting temperature.
It is an advantage of the invention that：It is mixed from low latitude rice-Rayleigh by combining Raman scattering and rice-Rayleigh scattering channel signal
It closes in signal, extracts the Raman scattering signal of pure molecule, eliminate the influence that aerosol generates, not only realize existing Rayleigh and survey
Warm laser radar also achieves 30km temperature sensing below to the temperature sensing of 30km or more, is greatly expanded Rayleigh and dissipates
Penetrate the thermometric spatial dimension of thermometric laser radar.Have the advantages that thermometric altitude range is wide, temperature measurement error is small.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar structural schematic diagram
Wherein, 1 transmitting laser cell, 2 receiving telescopes, 3 reception optical fibers, 4 detecting signal units, 5 signal processing units.
Fig. 2 is the structural schematic diagram of detecting signal unit.
Wherein, 3 reception optical fibers, 41 collimating mirrors, 42 spectroscopes, 43 first optical filters, 44 first focus lamps, 45 first detections
Device, 46 second optical filters, 47 second focus lamps, 48 second detectors, 5 signal processing units.
Fig. 3 is laser spectrum, scatter echo signal spectrum and optical element transmission spectrum.
Wherein, 42P spectroscope transmission spectrum, the first filter transmission of 43P spectrum, the second filter transmission of 46P spectrum.
Specific embodiment
With reference to the accompanying drawing, the present invention is further illustrated.
As shown in Figure 1, atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar by transmitting laser cell 1, receiving telescope 2, connect
Optical fiber 3, detecting signal unit 4 and signal processing unit 5 is received to form.
As shown in Figure 2, the composition of detecting signal unit 4 is：Sequentially coaxially installation is quasi- in the output light path of reception optical fiber 3
Straight mirror 41, the first optical filter 43, the first focus lamp 44 and the first photodetector 45；Spectroscope 42 is mounted on collimating mirror 41 and
In optical path between one optical filter 43, and it is in 45 degree of angles with optical axis, the is sequentially coaxially installed in the reflected light path of spectroscope 42
Two optical filters 46, the second focus lamp 47 and the second photodetector 48；First photodetector 45 and the second photodetector 48
Rice-Rayleigh signal I is exported respectivelyMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRaman。
The reception optical axis of receiving telescope 2 is parallel with the laser beam that laser cell 1 issues is emitted, one end of reception optical fiber 3
It is installed on the focal point of receiving telescope 2, the other end is connected to the input terminal of detecting signal unit 4, and detecting signal unit 4 exports
Rice-Rayleigh signal IMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRamanIt is connected respectively to the input terminal of signal processing unit 5, emits laser
The trigger signal that unit 1 exports is connected to the trigger signal input terminal of signal processing unit 5.
Atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar inversion method is as follows：
Temperature retrieval in 30km or more altitude range is calculated as follows：
T=P σRayleigh/(IMie+RayleighR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRayleighFor atmospheric molecule constant Rayleigh cross-section, IMie+RayleighFor rice-Rayleigh
Scattering strength, R are ideal gas constant.
Temperature retrieval in 30km or less altitude range carries out as the following formula：
T=P σRaman/(IRamanR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRamanFor atmospheric molecule constant raman scattering cross section, IRamanFor Raman scattering intensities, R
For ideal gas constant.
Above-mentioned spectroscope 42 is short wave pass filter, the Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra reflection longer than optical maser wavelength, rice-Rayleigh
Scattering spectrum transmission.
The first above-mentioned optical filter 43 is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is to emit swashing for the sending of laser cell 1
Optical wavelength, transmission bandwidth 20cm-1。
Above-mentioned second optical filter 46 is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is 90.5cm longer than optical maser wavelength-1, transmission bands
Width is 5cm-1。
Workflow of the present invention is：
Emit laser cell 1 to air-launched beam of laser, laser irradiation to aerial atmospheric aerosol particulate matter and greatly
Gas molecule generates Mie scattering spectrum, Rayleigh scattering spectrum and Raman Scattering Spectra (including Stokes and Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra)
Equal echoes, the received reception of telescope 2 converges to reception optical fiber 3, and is transferred into detecting signal unit 4, detecting signal unit 4
The Raman signal I of outputRamanWith rice-Rayleigh signal IMie+RayleighIt is connected respectively to the input terminal of signal processing unit 5, is emitted
The trigger signal that laser cell 1 exports is connected to the trigger signal input terminal of signal processing unit 5, is used for synchronous data collection.
After the received 3 entering signal detection unit 4 of optical fiber of echo optical signal, directional light is first collimated by collimating mirror 41, then
Spectrum is carried out through spectroscope 42；Spectroscope 42 is short wave pass filter, from spectroscope transmission spectrum 42P (Fig. 3) it is found that atmosphere
It is scattered back Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra longer than optical maser wavelength in the glistening light of waves to be reflected, rice-Rayleigh Scattering Spectra and compares laser wave
The Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra of length is transmitted；The reflected light of spectroscope 42 enters the second optical filter 46, the second optical filter
46 be bandpass filter, from the second filter transmission spectrum 46P (Fig. 3) it is found that 46 permission Stokes Ramans of the second optical filter dissipate
The spectral line that does not vary with temperature of intensity in spectrum to be penetrated to penetrate, transmitted light converges to the second detector 48 through the second focus lamp 47, and second
Optical signal is become electric signal by detector 48, obtains IRaman, it is transmitted to signal processing unit 4.
The transmitted light of spectroscope 42 is irradiated to the first optical filter 43, and the first optical filter 43 is bandpass filter, by the first filter
Mating plate transmission spectrum 43P (Fig. 3) is it is found that, first optical filter 43 more suppressed than the Anti-Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra of laser wave length
Only allow rice-Rayleigh scattering to compose to penetrate, and converge to the first detector 45 through the first focus lamp 44, the first detector 45 believes light
Number become electric signal, obtains IMie+Rayleigh, it is transmitted to signal processing unit 4.
Signal processing unit 4 is visited according to the synchronization signal for emitting laser cell 1, the first detector of synchronous acquisition 45 and second
Survey the I of the detection output of device 48Mie+Rayleigh、IRamanSignal.
Temperature retrieval algorithm in 30 or more altitude ranges is：
Intercept IMie+RayleighThe detection data of middle 30km or more, this section of atmosphere do not have aerosol, signal IMie+RayleighIn
There is no Mie scattering signal, i.e., the I in this altitude rangeMie+Rayleigh=IRayleigh, with temperature retrieval formula T=P σRayleigh/
(IRayleighR it) obtains：
T=P σRayleigh/(IMie+RayleighR)
Temperature retrieval algorithm in 30km or less altitude range is：
Intercept IRamanMiddle 30km detection data below, utilizes the signal strength relationship of Rayleigh scattering and Raman scatteringAnd temperature retrieval formula T=P σRayleigh/(IRayleighR it) obtains：
T=P σRaman/(IRamanR)
It is thus achieved that being obtained while 30km or more and 30km or less atmospheric temperature.
Claims (4)
1. atmosphere Raman-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar, which is characterized in that the laser radar by transmitting laser cell (1), connect
Receive telescope (2), reception optical fiber (3), detecting signal unit (4) and signal processing unit (5) composition；
Wherein, the composition of detecting signal unit (4) is：Collimating mirror is sequentially coaxially installed in the output light path of reception optical fiber (3)
(41), the first optical filter (43), the first focus lamp (44) and the first photodetector (45)；Spectroscope (42) is mounted on collimating mirror
(41) in the optical path between the first optical filter (43), and with optical axis be in 45 degree of angles, in the reflected light path of spectroscope (42) according to
It is secondary to be co-axially mounted the second optical filter (46), the second focus lamp (47) and the second photodetector (48)；First photodetector
(45) and the second photodetector (48) exports rice-Rayleigh signal I respectivelyMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRaman；
The reception optical axis of receiving telescope (2) is parallel with the laser beam that transmitting laser cell (1) issues, and the one of reception optical fiber (3)
End is installed on the focal point of receiving telescope (2), and the other end is connected to the input terminal of detecting signal unit (4), signal detection list
Rice-Rayleigh signal the I of first (4) outputMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRamanIt is connected respectively to the input of signal processing unit (5)
The trigger signal at end, transmitting laser cell (1) output is connected to the trigger signal input terminal of signal processing unit (5).
2. atmosphere Raman according to claim 1-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar, which is characterized in that the spectroscope
It (42) is low pass filter, the Stokes Raman Scattering Spectra reflection longer than optical maser wavelength, rice-Rayleigh Scattering Spectra transmission.
3. atmosphere Raman according to claim 1-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar, which is characterized in that described first
Optical filter (43) is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is the optical maser wavelength for emitting laser cell (1) and issuing, transmission bandwidth
For 20cm-1；
Second optical filter (46) is bandpass filter, and centre of homology wavelength is 90.5cm longer than optical maser wavelength-1, transmission bandwidth is
5cm-1。
4. rice-Rayleigh the signal measured with atmosphere Raman described in claim 1-Rayleigh scattering thermometric laser radar
IMie+RayleighWith Raman signal IRamanThe method of inverting atmospheric temperature, which is characterized in that
Temperature retrieval in 30km or more altitude range is calculated as follows：
T=P σRayleigh/(IMie+RayleighR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRayleighFor atmospheric molecule constant Rayleigh cross-section, IMie+RayleighFor rice-Rayleigh scattering
Intensity, R are ideal gas constant；
Temperature retrieval in 30km or less altitude range is calculated as follows：
T=P σRaman/(IRamanR)
Wherein, P is atmospheric pressure, σRamanFor atmospheric molecule constant raman scattering cross section, IRamanIt is reason for Raman scattering intensities, R
Think gas constant.
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| CN1987520A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2007-06-27 | 西安理工大学 | Raman scattering laser radar system for meterological and atmospheric environment observation |
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| CN1987520A (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2007-06-27 | 西安理工大学 | Raman scattering laser radar system for meterological and atmospheric environment observation |
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