CN101101261A - Laser radar for determining atmosphere NO2 concentration based on raman light source differential absorption method - Google Patents
Laser radar for determining atmosphere NO2 concentration based on raman light source differential absorption method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101101261A CN101101261A CNA2007100701459A CN200710070145A CN101101261A CN 101101261 A CN101101261 A CN 101101261A CN A2007100701459 A CNA2007100701459 A CN A2007100701459A CN 200710070145 A CN200710070145 A CN 200710070145A CN 101101261 A CN101101261 A CN 101101261A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a laser radar is based upon lame light source difference absorption process to test thickness of NO2 in the atmosphere, it includes lame light source, light incept and spectrum components, photo-detection and control transaction components, the characteristic is that the light incept and spectrum components accepts the scattered light from atmosphere backward by telescope tube of incept light, after coupling of light fiber, making the light to lay in the focal plane of lens, ripping into the raster by collimation lens, after section out the wave length of light 354.71nm and 360.00nm,recepted by the two emergent light fiber on the focal plane of lens. The raster is blazed grating, it has definite included angle with lens; the photo-detection and control transaction part includes microcomputer, data acquisition card, chronotron, enlarge shaping circuit, photomultiplier and photo-electricity probe. The invention has the beneficial purpose of easy structure, low cost, high diffraction efficiency, good flexibility, convenient using and vindicate etc.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the laser acquisition field, relate in particular to atmospheric sounding NO
2The laser radar of concentration, specifically a kind of differential absorption method based on Raman light source is surveyed atmosphere NO
2The laser radar of concentration.
Background technology
NO
2Gas is a kind of main dusty gas of atmosphere, but its easy oxidation, and labile instability is given to monitor in real time and is brought certain difficulty.Therefore domestic detection method to oxides of nitrogen mostly is chemical method at present, example hydrochloric acid naphthodiamide spectrophotometric method, chemoluminescence method and primary element coulometric titration etc., but these methods all need in laboratory measurement, and real-time is poor, can't satisfy the requirement of on-line measurement.The concentration that laser radar technique is measured atmospheric pollution gas is nearly 2 years focus, adopts the method for Difference Absorption to measure usually, all develops at NO both at home and abroad at present
2The laser radar of measurement of concetration need improve part but these laser radars all have deficiency.At first, in order to obtain the close laser of wavelength, the light source of employing has continuous xenon lamp, semiconductor tunable laser, Dye laser of tunable, titanium jewel tunable laser or Nd:YAG frequency tripled laser pumping deuterium gas (D
2) and methane (CH
4) produce the vibrating Raman frequency displacement and obtain first order stokes light respectively as a pair of wavelength laser of differential absorbing detection etc.A little less than these light sources or the laser energy, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) is little, and measuring accuracy is poor, or complex structure, costs an arm and a leg output photo-labile or adjustment difficulty.Secondly separate from strong background noise for the two-beam that wavelength is close, the method that adopts is that dual grating light spectrometer, two spike interference filter, metal vapors optical filter add interference filter or based on the CCD sub-ray spectrometer usually.Wherein double grating monochromator be owing to can well suppress Rayleigh scattering, and improve signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) and be widely used, but because the aberration of optical system is difficult to guarantee that the isolated spectrum of beam splitting system is wall scroll, so bring error easily.Double grating monochromator has improved system cost owing to adopt two grating beam splittings simultaneously.The input of beam splitting system is adopted the optical fiber coupling usually with output light once more, and fiber end face also can influence diffraction efficiency and spectrophotometric result in the relative position difference at lens focal plane place.
Summary of the invention
What the present invention will solve is prior art above shortcomings parts, provides a kind of simple in structure, practical, uses more easily and surveys atmosphere NO based on the differential absorption method of rotary Raman light source
2The laser radar of concentration.
The technical scheme that addresses the above problem is: the differential absorption method based on Raman light source is surveyed atmosphere NO
2The laser radar of concentration comprises rotary Raman laser source, light-receiving and light splitting part and photodetection and control and treatment part, it is characterized in that:
Described Raman laser source produces 354.71nm pump light and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light, respectively corresponding NO
2The strong absorption of gas and weak absorption;
Described light-receiving and light splitting part comprise the telescope tube, an incident optical, two outgoing optical fiber, a collimation lens and the spectro-grating that receive light, receive from atmospheric backscatter light by the telescope tube that receives light, with the focal plane that imports light into collimation lens after the incident optical coupling, behind the collimation lens collimation, inject grating, the light of 354.71nm and two wavelength of 360.00nm is told the back receive by the outgoing optical fiber that is positioned at the collimation lens focal plane; And the output end face of two outgoing optical fiber drops on the vertical vertical line of an outgoing, and the longitudinal axis symmetrical distribution of vertical line along the focal plane indulged in the corresponding incident on the focal plane of the vertical vertical line of described outgoing and incident optical; Described spectro-grating is reflective blazed grating, is arranged on the opposite side of described collimation lens, and satisfies 2d sin θ=m λ, and in the formula: θ is a blazing angle, and d is a grating constant, and λ is a light wavelength;
Described photodetection and control and treatment partly comprise microcomputer, data collecting card, chronotron, amplification and rectification circuit, photomultiplier and photoelectric probe, described photoelectric probe is arranged on light source output place, the input end of its output termination photomultiplier and data collecting card; Described photomultiplier is two, and its input end connects second optical fiber and the 3rd optical fiber respectively, the input end of output termination amplification and rectification circuit; The input end of the output termination capture card of described amplification and rectification circuit; The output termination microcomputer of described capture card.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1) beam splitting system adopts the blazed grating beam split of specific wavelength, has than advantages such as the higher wavelength resolution of interference filter, signal to noise ratio (S/N ratio) height and good stabilities, has also simplified system architecture, reduces system cost;
2) relative position of light path incident optical and outgoing optical fiber adopts optical fiber symmetrical expression grating light channel structure, has improved grating diffration efficient;
3) employing grating beam splitting integral structure in the beam splitting system, and incident optical and outgoing optical fiber have reduced the locus stability requirement that whole signal is received and surveys light path as the leaded light light path, have strengthened position of detector and have put dirigibility;
4) photodetection and control and treatment partly adopt universal computing machine and high-speed data acquisition card, and the backscattering echo signal is carried out analyzing and processing, make control treatment part universal stronger of radar installations, and operation and maintenance is all convenient;
5) adopt photoelectric probe and chronotron gate-control signal to be provided for photomultiplier and data collecting card, help the collection and the processing of control signal.
As a further improvement on the present invention, described Raman laser source produces by the following method: the fundamental frequency light that the Nd:YAG laser instrument produces is through two frequencys multiplication, frequency tripling and first optical filter, remaining basic frequency laser of filtering and two double-frequency lasers obtain the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of pure linear polarization; The 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of linear polarization is converted into the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state through quarter wave plate; Then, the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state is filled with high pressure D through the lens focus pumping
2The Raman pipe, the stimulated Raman scattering that rotates, its scattered light and residue frequency tripled laser are through the output of another piece collimated; Select residue 354.71nm frequency tripled laser and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light through the secondary optical filter again, with it as NO
2The required wavelength of differential absorbing detection is to laser.With NO
2The method of a pair of new wave-length rotary Raman laser source of differential absorbing detection is used for laser radar first, has that cost is low, centre wavelength is stable, line width, good, the NO of alignment
2Gas molecule exists big absorption cross section poor at this to the wavelength laser place, and this exports simultaneously to wavelength laser, realizes advantages such as the real-time measurement of real same light path.
Description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of laser radar of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is that incident optical and two outgoing optical fiber are symmetrically distributed in the synoptic diagram on the focal plane.
Fig. 3 is the light channel structure synoptic diagram of optical fiber-grating beam splitting light path.
Fig. 4 is NO
2Gas molecule absorption spectra line chart.
Among the figure, the 1.Nd:YAG laser instrument, output wavelength is 1064nm; 2. two frequency-doubling crystals; 3. frequency tripling crystal; 4. quarter-wave plate; 5. the two ends Raman pipe that has lens (is filled with D
2); 6. telescope tube; 7. optical fiber (7a, 7b, 7c); 8. lens focal plane; 9. optical lens; 10. blazed grating; 11. photomultiplier; 12. amplification and rectification circuit; 13. data collecting card; 14. microcomputer; 15. chronotron; 16. microprocessor system; 17. photoelectric probe; 18. vertical line is indulged in incident; 19. the longitudinal axis of focal plane; 20. vertical line is indulged in outgoing.
Embodiment
With reference to Fig. 1,2, survey atmosphere NO based on the differential absorption method of Raman light source
2The laser radar of concentration comprises rotary Raman laser source, light-receiving and light splitting part and photodetection and control and treatment part.
Described Raman laser source produces by the following method: the fundamental frequency light that the Nd:YAG laser instrument produces is through two frequencys multiplication, frequency tripling and first optical filter, remaining basic frequency laser of filtering and two double-frequency lasers obtain the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of pure linear polarization; The 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of linear polarization is converted into the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state through quarter wave plate; Then, the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state is filled with high pressure D through the lens focus pumping
2The Raman pipe, the stimulated Raman scattering that rotates, its scattered light and residue frequency tripled laser are through the output of another piece collimated; Select residue 354.71nm frequency tripled laser and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light through the secondary optical filter again, with it as NO
2The required wavelength of differential absorbing detection is to laser.
Described Raman laser source produces 354.71nm pump light and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light, respectively corresponding NO
2The strong absorption of gas and weak absorption.
Described light-receiving and light splitting part comprise a telescope tube that receives light 6, incident optical 7a, two outgoing optical fiber 7b, 7c, a collimation lens 9 and a spectro-grating 10, receive from atmospheric backscatter light by the telescope tube 6 that receives light, with the focal plane 8 that imports light into collimation lens 9 after the incident optical 7a coupling, behind collimation lens 9 collimations, inject grating 10, the light of 354.71nm and two wavelength of 360.00nm is told the back receive by the outgoing optical fiber 7b, the 7c that are positioned at collimation lens 9 focal planes 8; And the output end face of two outgoing optical fiber 7b, 7c drops on the vertical vertical line 20 of an outgoing, and longitudinal axis 19 symmetrical distributions of vertical line 18 along the focal plane are indulged in the vertical vertical line 20 of described outgoing and incident optical 7a corresponding incident on focal plane 8; Described spectro-grating 10 is reflective blazed grating, is arranged on the opposite side of described collimation lens 9, and satisfies 2d sin θ=m λ, and in the formula: θ is a blazing angle, and d is a grating constant, and λ is a light wavelength.
Described photodetection and control and treatment partly comprise microcomputer 14, data collecting card 13, chronotron 15, amplification and rectification circuit 12, photomultiplier 11 and photoelectric probe 17, described photoelectric probe 17 is arranged on light source output place, the input end of its output termination photomultiplier 11 and data collecting card 13; Described photomultiplier 11 is two, and its input end meets the second optical fiber 7b and the 3rd optical fiber 7c respectively, the input end of output termination amplification and rectification circuit 12; The input end of the output termination capture card 13 of described amplification and rectification circuit 12; The output termination microcomputer 14 of the input end of described capture card 13.
With reference to Fig. 3, optical fiber of the present invention-grating beam splitting light path adopts incident optical and outgoing optical fiber symmetrical structure, in order to improve grating diffration efficient.
Principle of work of the present invention is as follows:
The 1064nm fundamental frequency light that Nd:YAG laser instrument 1 produces is behind two frequencys multiplication 2, frequency tripling 3 and first optical filter, obtain the frequency tripled laser of pure linear polarization 354.71nm, be converted into the frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state through quarter wave plate 4, after lens focus, send into then and be filled with high pressure D
2Raman pipe 5, produce stimulated Raman scattering.Because what adopt is the pumping laser of circular polarization state, therefore when the vibration stimulated Raman scattering produces, rotate stimulated Raman scattering and also be excited, wherein the pure rotational raman scattering light wavelength of the first order is 360.00nm.Shaking changes Raman diffused light and remains frequency tripled laser through another piece collimated output, with optical filter 354.71nm and 360.00nm is leached, respectively corresponding NO
2The crest of gas molecule absorption line and trough can be used as the light source of differential absorbing detection.Rotating wave plate 4 is adjusted the angle of its primary optical axis and laser beam optical axis, makes that the pulse energy of 354.71nm behind the Raman pipe and 360.00nm wavelength laser is suitable.Raman laser source rear orientation light in the transmission course in atmosphere is blocked Sa Gelin formula telescope tube 6 and is received, and is coupled into optical fiber 7a after rear orientation light focuses on and is admitted to beam splitting system.Beam splitting system adopts single blazed grating beam split, and 354.71nm that separates and the light of 360.00nm are coupled into the photosurface that other two optical fiber 7b, 7c send into photomultiplier 11 once more.Light signal is sent into amplification and rectification circuit 12 after photomultiplier 11 is surveyed, handled by microcomputer 14 through data collecting card 13 image data again.Photomultiplier 11 adopts two-way to survey, the light of corresponding 354.71nm of difference and 360.00nm, and the electric signal after the conversion is sent into multichannel amplification and rectification circuit 12.In order to make photodetection and control and treatment part operate as normal, provide enabling signal by 15 pairs of photomultipliers 11 of chronotron and data collecting card 13.Adopt Dual-Channel High-Speed Data Acquisition card 13, the echoed signal of gathering two wavelength in real time.Obtain NO on the laser beam transmission path through the software data analytic system again
2Number density of molecule distribution curve, as shown in Figure 4.
What should be understood that is: the foregoing description is just to explanation of the present invention, rather than limitation of the present invention, and any innovation and creation that do not exceed in the connotation scope of the present invention all fall within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1, surveys atmosphere NO based on the differential absorption method of Raman light source
2The laser radar of concentration comprises rotary Raman laser source, light-receiving and light splitting part and photodetection and control and treatment part, it is characterized in that:
Described Raman laser source produces 354.71nm pump light and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light, respectively corresponding NO
2The strong absorption of gas and weak absorption;
Described light-receiving and light splitting part comprise a telescope tube (6) that receives light, an incident optical (7a), two outgoing optical fiber (7b, 7c), a collimation lens (9) and a spectro-grating (10), receive from atmospheric backscatter light by the telescope tube (6) that receives light, with the focal plane (8) that imports light into collimation lens (9) after incident optical (7a) coupling, behind collimation lens (9) collimation, inject grating (10), the light of 354.71nm and two wavelength of 360.00nm is told the back by the outgoing optical fiber (7b that is positioned at collimation lens (9) focal plane (8), 7c) receive; And, the output end face of two outgoing optical fiber (7b, 7c) drops on the vertical vertical line (20) of an outgoing, described outgoing indulge vertical line (20) and incident optical (7a) in the focal plane (8) go up corresponding incident and indulge longitudinal axis (19) symmetrical distribution of vertical line (18) along the focal plane; Described spectro-grating (10) is reflective blazed grating, is arranged on the opposite side of described collimation lens (9), and satisfies 2dsin θ=m λ, and in the formula: θ is a blazing angle, and d is a grating constant, and λ is a light wavelength;
Described photodetection and control and treatment partly comprise microcomputer (14), data collecting card (13), chronotron (15), amplification and rectification circuit (12), photomultiplier (11) and photoelectric probe (17), described photoelectric probe (17) is arranged on light source output place, the input end of its output termination photomultiplier (11) and data collecting card (13); Described photomultiplier (11) is two, and its input end connects second optical fiber (7b) and the 3rd optical fiber (7c) respectively, the input end of output termination amplification and rectification circuit (12); The input end of the output termination capture card (13) of described amplification and rectification circuit (12); The output termination microcomputer (14) of the input end of described capture card (13).
2, the differential absorption method based on Raman light source as claimed in claim 1 is surveyed atmosphere NO
2The laser radar of concentration, it is characterized in that described Raman laser source produces by the following method: the fundamental frequency light that the Nd:YAG laser instrument produces is through two frequencys multiplication, frequency tripling and first optical filter, remaining basic frequency laser of filtering and two double-frequency lasers obtain the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of pure linear polarization; The 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of linear polarization is converted into the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state through quarter wave plate; Then, the 354.71nm frequency tripled laser of circular polarization state is filled with high pressure D through the lens focus pumping
2The Raman pipe, the stimulated Raman scattering that rotates, its scattered light and residue frequency tripled laser are through the output of another piece collimated; Select residue 354.71nm frequency tripled laser and 360.00nm first order rotational raman scattering light through the secondary optical filter again, with it as NO
2The required wavelength of differential absorbing detection is to laser.
3, the differential absorption method based on Raman light source as claimed in claim 2 is surveyed atmosphere NO
2The laser radar of concentration is characterized in that rotating quarter wave plate, adjusts the angle of its primary optical axis and laser beam optical axis, makes that the pulse energy of 354.71nm behind the Raman pipe and 360.00nm wavelength laser is suitable.
4, survey atmosphere NO as any one described differential absorption method of claim 1-3 based on Raman light source
2The laser radar of concentration is characterized in that placing in order to adjust the diaphragm that telescope receives field angle at the focus place of telescope tube (6).
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