CN101468323A - 碱金属卤化物掺杂的二价金属氟化物的催化剂组合物的制备方法和氟化烯烃的制备方法 - Google Patents
碱金属卤化物掺杂的二价金属氟化物的催化剂组合物的制备方法和氟化烯烃的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- 229910001512 metal fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title abstract description 36
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract 2
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical group 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- -1 halogen ion Chemical group 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910001413 alkali metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 45
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 44
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000007033 dehydrochlorination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000008044 alkali metal hydroxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical group [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052792 caesium Chemical group 0.000 claims 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical group [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 229910000039 hydrogen halide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000012433 hydrogen halide Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 3
- 229910001508 alkali metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 9
- 150000008045 alkali metal halides Chemical group 0.000 abstract 9
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M caesium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cs+] AIYUHDOJVYHVIT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 52
- OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(Cl)Cl OHMHBGPWCHTMQE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N isopropyl chloride Chemical compound CC(C)Cl ULYZAYCEDJDHCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium chloride Chemical compound [Li+].[Cl-] KWGKDLIKAYFUFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910001635 magnesium fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000008188 pellet Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- QBTUCBKAWGUMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N C=CC.[F] Chemical group C=CC.[F] QBTUCBKAWGUMMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001514 alkali metal chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000006704 dehydrohalogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 3
- HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexafluoropropylene Chemical compound FC(F)=C(F)C(F)(F)F HCDGVLDPFQMKDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PFDZQZAOZNELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-3-fluoropropane Chemical compound FCCCCl PFDZQZAOZNELDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000005796 dehydrofluorination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M lithium fluoride Chemical compound [Li+].[F-] PQXKHYXIUOZZFA-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 2
- FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M rubidium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Rb+] FGDZQCVHDSGLHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium fluoride Chemical compound [F-].[Na+] PUZPDOWCWNUUKD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)CC(F)(F)F NSGXIBWMJZWTPY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JODPGPKOJGDHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(F)(F)C(F)C(F)(F)Cl JODPGPKOJGDHSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSECXTYNFBONSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound ClCC(F)C(F)(F)F JSECXTYNFBONSF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZGOMEYREADWKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-chloro-1,1,1,3-tetrafluoropropane Chemical compound FC(Cl)CC(F)(F)F ZGOMEYREADWKLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910016036 BaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004604 Blowing Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910004261 CaF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910016509 CuF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZYRCHSMEYOVADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C(F)(F)F)(C)F.[Cl] Chemical compound FC(C(F)(F)F)(C)F.[Cl] ZYRCHSMEYOVADI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FKHKBOBPZPAKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N FC(C(F)(F)F)C.[Cl] Chemical compound FC(C(F)(F)F)C.[Cl] FKHKBOBPZPAKKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910015475 FeF 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012459 cleaning agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000005843 halogen group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001694 spray drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/138—Halogens; Compounds thereof with alkaline earth metals, magnesium, beryllium, zinc, cadmium or mercury
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C21/00—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms
- C07C21/02—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds
- C07C21/18—Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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- B01J23/00—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00
- B01J23/02—Catalysts comprising metals or metal oxides or hydroxides, not provided for in group B01J21/00 of the alkali- or alkaline earth metals or beryllium
- B01J23/04—Alkali metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/08—Halides
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J27/00—Catalysts comprising the elements or compounds of halogens, sulfur, selenium, tellurium, phosphorus or nitrogen; Catalysts comprising carbon compounds
- B01J27/06—Halogens; Compounds thereof
- B01J27/128—Halogens; Compounds thereof with iron group metals or platinum group metals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01J37/00—Processes, in general, for preparing catalysts; Processes, in general, for activation of catalysts
- B01J37/02—Impregnation, coating or precipitation
- B01J37/0236—Drying, e.g. preparing a suspension, adding a soluble salt and drying
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
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Abstract
本发明涉及碱金属卤化物掺杂的二价金属氟化物的催化剂组合物的制备方法和氟化烯烃的制备方法。提供了一种制备用式MX/M′F2表示的催化剂组合物的方法,其中MX是碱金属卤化物;M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子;X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子;M′F2是二价金属氟化物;M′是二价金属离子。一种方法具有如下步骤:(a)将一定量的碱金属卤化物溶于一定量的溶剂中,溶剂的数量足以基本上溶解或增溶碱金属卤化物以形成碱金属卤化物溶液;(b)将一定量的二价金属氟化物加入到碱金属卤化物溶液中,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的浆液;以及(c)从浆液中除去基本上所有的溶剂,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的固体物质。另一种方法具有如下步骤:(a)将一定量的碱金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到卤化氢水溶液中,反应以形成碱金属卤化物的水溶液;(b)将一定量的二价金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到氟化氢的水溶液中,反应以形成二价金属氟化物沉淀;(c)混合该碱金属卤化物溶液和该二价金属氟化物沉淀以形成含水浆液;以及(d)从含水浆液中除去水以形成固体物质。还涉及制备氟化烯烃的方法。
Description
相关发明的交叉引用
本申请要求2007年12月18日提交的美国临时专利申请,申请号为No.61/012,566的优先权,其在此以引用方式并入。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种碱金属卤化物掺杂的二价金属氟化物的催化剂组合物的制备方法。本发明还涉及一种采用该催化剂组合物来制备氟化烯烃的方法。
背景技术
2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯(1234yf),是一种表现出低全球变暖潜力的氢氟烯烃(hydrofluoroolefin),其可用于多种用途,例如,用作制冷剂、发泡剂、溶剂、清洁剂和大分子化合物的单体。
一种1234yf的制备方法需要1,1,1,2-四氟-2-氯丙烷(244bb)的脱氯化氢作用(dehydrochlorination)。2007年7月6日提交的U.S.临时申请60/958,468公开了在掺杂有碱金属卤化物的二价金属氟化物催化剂的存在下,244bb脱氯化氢制备1234yf的方法。
因此需要工业可行的掺杂碱金属卤化物的二价金属氟化物的催化剂的制备方法。
发明内容
根据本发明,提供了一种制备催化剂组合物的方法。该催化剂组合物用式MX/M′F2表示。MX是碱金属卤化物。M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子。X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子。M′F2是二价金属氟化物。M′是二价金属离子。该方法包括如下步骤:(a)将一定量的碱金属卤化物溶于一定量的溶剂中,溶剂的数量足以基本上溶解或增溶(solubilize)碱金属卤化物以形成碱金属卤化物溶液;(b)将一定量的二价金属氟化物加入到碱金属卤化物溶液中,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的浆液;以及(c)从浆液中除去基本上所有的溶剂,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的固体物质。
根据本发明,提供了一种制备催化剂组合物的方法。该方法包括如下步骤:(a)将一定量碱金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到卤化氢的水溶液中,反应以形成碱金属卤化物的水溶液;(b)将一定量的二价金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到氟化氢的水溶液中,反应以在其中形成二价金属氟化物沉淀;(c)混合该碱金属卤化物溶液和该二价金属氟化物沉淀以形成含水浆液;以及(d)从含水浆液中除去水以形成固体物质。
进一步的本发明还提供了一种制备氟化烯烃的方法。该方法包括在以式MX/M′F2表示的有效催化量的催化剂组合物的存在下,氯氟烃(hydrochlorofluorocarbon)的脱氯化氢的步骤,其中氯氟烃在邻近的碳原子上含有至少一个氢和至少一个氯。MX是碱金属卤化物。M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子。X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子。M′F2是二价金属氟化物。M′是二价金属离子。
具体实施方式
催化剂组合物,即本发明的方法的有用产品,是碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的组合/混合物,其可用下式表示:
MX/M′F2
其中MX是碱金属卤化物;M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子。X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子。X优选F-和Cl-。M′F2是二价金属氟化物。M′是二价金属离子。M′优选地选自Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Cu2+和Zn2+。M′最优选是Mg2+。
该催化剂组合物可备选地用下式来表示:
n%MX/M′F2
其中n%是组合物中碱金属卤化物的重量百分量,以组合物的总重量计。碱金属卤化物优选占催化剂组合物的约0.05wt%至约50wt%,更优选约5wt%至约15wt%,最优选约7.5wt%至约12.5wt%,以催化剂组合物总重量计。
碱金属卤化物的例子包括LiCl、NaCl、KCl、RbCl、CsCl、LiF、NaF、KF、RbF和CsF。优选的碱金属卤化物包括KCl、CsCl、KF和CsF。二价金属氟化物的例子包括MgF2、CaF2、SrF2、BaF2、NiF2、FeF2、CoF2、CuF2和ZnF2。优选的二价金属氟化物包括MgF2和NiF2。
将碱金属卤化物加入一定量的溶剂中,溶剂的数量足以基本上溶解或增溶碱金属卤化物。优选的溶剂是碱金属卤化物易溶于其中的溶剂。溶剂的选择可根椐特定的碱金属卤化物而变化。可用于制备本发明催化剂组合物的溶剂的例子包括水、醇、醚和它们的混合物。可用的醇包括一元和多元醇。最优选的醇是具有1-5个碳原子的一元醇。最优选的溶剂是水。
在本发明的方法的一个具体实施方案中,将二价金属氟化物加入碱金属卤化物的溶液中以形成浆液。形成浆液后,除去基本上所有的溶剂以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物混合物的固体物质。尽管溶剂可以一步除去,但优选的方法是从浆液中驱逐出部分溶剂以形成糊状物,然后通过干燥糊状物来形成固体物质。可以用任何传统的技术来驱逐出溶剂。这些技术的例子包括在室温或升温情况下猛烈地搅拌、蒸发、沉降并倾析(decanting)、离心、和过滤。优选蒸发除去所需量的溶剂以形成糊状物。然后用任何合适方法来干燥糊状物以形成自由流动的、基本上无溶剂的粉末。优选的干燥方法包括烘干,最优选在约110℃至约120℃的温度下,以及喷雾干燥。无溶剂意味着在移除溶剂/干燥之后,低于1%的、优选约0.5wt%或更少的、更优选约0.1wt%或更少的溶剂、最优选没有溶剂,会存留在粉末中。除去溶剂后,粉末会呈现碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的颗粒混合物的固体物质(或粉末)的形式。
在本发明的方法的另一个具体实施方案中,碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的浆液由不同的反应技术制备。第一步,将碱金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到卤化氢的水溶液中,反应以形成碱金属卤化物的水溶液。第二步,将二价金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入氟化氢的水溶液中,反应以在其中形成二价金属氟化物沉淀。第三步,然后混合该碱金属卤化物溶液和该二价金属氟化物沉淀以形成含水浆液。第四步,然后以本文中所述的方式从含水浆液中除去水以形成固体物质。
任选地,然后煅烧碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物粉末的混合物的固体物质。优选在约100℃至约750℃的温度下进行煅烧,更优选在约200℃至约600℃的温度下,最优选在约300℃至约600℃的温度下。煅烧可以进一步任选地在惰性气体存在下进行,比如氮气和氩气。
煅烧后,粉末任选地进一步被研磨,使得它变成更细分的。任选地进一步将该粉末粒化以形成粒料。该粒料然后提供催化剂表面以用于实际应用过程。
本发明的催化剂组合物可以提供优于由组分简单干混所得到的组合物的性能。可得到更完全的混合程度。混合的完全程度本身可表现为目标产品如1234yf的更高选择性(以及更少地形成脱氟化氢(dehydrofluorinating)产物,如1233xf)。
催化剂组合物可用于将氯氟烃转化为氟化烯烃。可用的氯氟烃在邻近的碳原子上具有至少一个氢和至少一个氯。
表1列举了氟化烯烃的例子以及可获得这些物质的前体氯氟烃(左栏为前体氯氟烃,右栏为相应的产物氟化烯烃)。
表1
氯氟烃 | 氟化烯烃 |
氯四氟丙烷 | 四氟丙烯 |
氯五氟丙烷 | 五氟丙烯 |
氯六氟丙烷 | 六氟丙烯 |
1,1,1,2-四氟-2-氯丙烷CF3CFClCH3(244bb) | 2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯CF3CF=CH2(1234yf) |
1,1,1,2-四氟-3-氯丙烷CF3CHFCH2Cl(244eb) | 2,3,3,3-四氟丙烯CF3CF=CH2(1234yf) |
1,1,1,3-四氟-3-氯丙烷CF3CH2CHFCl(244fa) | 1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯CF3CH=CHF(反/顺-1234ze) |
1,1,1,3-四氟-2-氯丙烷CF3CHClCH2F(244db) | 1,3,3,3-四氟丙烯CF3CH=CHF(反/顺-1234ze) |
1,1,1,2,3-五氟-2-氯丙烷CF3CFClCH2F(235bb) | 1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯CF3CF=CHF(Z/E-1225ye) |
1,1,1,2,3-五氟-3-氯丙烷CF3CHFCHFCl(235ea) | 1,2,3,3,3-五氟丙烯CF3CF=CHF(Z/E-1225ye) |
1,1,1,3,3-五氟-3-氯丙烷CF3CH2CF2Cl(235fa) | 1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯CF3CH=CF2(1225zc) |
1,1,1,3,3-五氟-2-氯丙烷CF3CHClCHF2(235da) | 1,1,3,3,3-五氟丙烯CF3CH=CF2(1225zc) |
1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟-2-氯丙烷CF3CFClCHF2(226ba) | 1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙烯CF3CF=CF2(1216) |
1,1,1,2,3,3-六氟-3-氯丙烷CF3CHFCF2Cl(226ea) | 1,1,2,3,3,3-六氟丙烯CF3CF=CF2(1216) |
以下是本发明的实施例,但不解释为对本发明的限制。
实施例
以下实施例中,244bb在碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的组合的催化剂的存在下,脱氯化氢得到1234yf。
实施例1:244bb在具有不同CsCl负载量的CsCl/MgF2催化剂上脱卤化氢。
测试一系列不同CsCl负载量的CsCl/MgF2催化剂,以分析CsCl负载量对反应活性的影响。通常使用20cc的催化剂粒料。97.2%/2.0%的244bb/1233xf混合物以6g/h(克/小时)的速率,在470℃至520℃的温度下通过催化剂床层。测量催化剂床层底部和顶部的温度。如下表2所示,无论负载量的多少,活性保持在几乎相同的水平上,而1233xf(所不希望的脱氟化氢产品)的选择性随着CsCl负载量增加到5.0wt%而降低。在10wt% CsCl/MgF2催化剂上没有形成1233xf。
表2
(在244bb脱卤化氢反应中,CsCl负载量对CsCl/MgF2催化剂性能的影响*)
CsCl负载量(wt%) | 温度底部-顶部(°) | 时间(h) | 转化率,(%)244bb | 选择性(%)1234yf | 选择性(%)1233xf | 选择性(%)其他 |
0.0 | 475-506475-509475-509475-507475-509475-510475-508475-509475-510475-509 | 12345678910 | 48.252.953.352.454.254.154.753.754.953.5 | 76.979.880.781.483.083.684.785.486.086.7 | 17.714.612.911.910.910.29.69.28.68.2 | 5.45.66.46.76.16.25.75.45.55.1 |
2.5 | 500-514500-514500-514500-507500-509500-513500-514 | 1234567 | 48.448.149.546.948.548.549.6 | 88.788.589.189.389.989.689.9 | 5.25.25.04.84.64.74.6 | 6.16.35.95.95.55.75.5 |
5.0 | 490-510490-511490-510490-505490-507490-503 | 123468 | 49.051.049.248.749.849.2 | 94.894.595.395.095.495.7 | 0.50.40.50.40.40.4 | 4.75.14.24.64.23.9 |
10.0 | 475-511475-510475-511475-508475-510 | 12345 | 49.651.251.850.451.4 | 96.997.096.996.997.0 | 3.13.03.13.13.0 |
*反应条件:20ml的催化剂,6克有机物/小时,
97.2% 244bb/2.0% 1233xf,1个大气压
实施例2:244bb在10wt%碱金属氯化物/MgF2催化剂上的脱卤化氢。
对10wt% KCl/MgF2和10wt% CsCl/MgF2催化剂进行测试。使用20cc的催化剂粒料。99.1%/0.4%的244bb/1233xf混合物以6g/h的速率在380℃至480℃的温度下,通过催化剂床层。测量催化剂床层底部和顶部的温度。如表2所示,两种催化剂表现出几乎相同的活性(20%),但10wt%CsCl/MgF2催化剂提供了更高的1234yf选择性,而不在催化剂上形成1233xf。
表3
(在244bb脱卤化氢反应中,10wt%KCl/MgF2和10wt%CsCl/MgF2催化剂的反应活性*)
催化剂 | 温度底部-顶部(°) | 时间(h) | 转化率(%)244bb | 选择性(%)1234yf | 选择性(%)1233xf | 选择性(%)其他 |
10wt%KCl/MgF2 | 405-477405-480405-480405-480405-480405-480405-480405-479405-479405-479405-480405-478405-478 | 124681012141618202224 | 21.917.820.021.220.121.520.920.520.220.120.520.419.9 | 89.195.295.896.096.196.296.296.396.296.396.496.496.3 | 0.40.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.60.6 | 10.54.23.63.73.33.13.23.13.23.13.03.03.1 |
10wt%CsCl/MgF2 | 380-481380-481380-482380-484380-482380-481380-481380-479380-478380-481380-483380-481380-481 | 1246810121416141618202224 | 10.314.016.819.620.020.520.619.920.019.920.021.021.820.719.7 | 91.195.996.797.497.597.597.897.797.897.797.897.898.097.797.6 | 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 | 8.94.13.32.62.52.52.22.32.22.32.22.22.02.32.4 |
*反应条件:20ml的催化剂,6克有机物/小时,
99.1%/0.4%的244bb/1233xf,1个大气压。
实施例3:244bb在10wt%CsCl/二价金属氟化物催化剂上脱卤化氢。
对10wt% CsCl/NiF2和10wt% CsCl/MgF2催化剂进行测试。使用20cc的催化剂粒料。99.1%/0.4%的244bb/1233xf混合物以6g/h的速率在380℃至480℃的温度下,通过催化剂床层。测量催化剂床层底部和顶部的温度。如表4所示,两种催化剂对1234yf表现出几乎相同的选择性(97%至98%),但10wt%CsCl/MgF2催化剂提供了更高的活性。
表4
(在244bb脱卤化氢反应中,MgF2和碱金属氯化物掺杂的MgF2催化剂的反应活性*)
催化剂 | 温度底部-顶部(°) | 时间(小时) | 转化率(%)244bb | 选择性(%)1234yf | 选择性(%)1233xf | 选择性(%)其他 |
10wt%CsCl/NiF2 | 410-482410-482410-483410-480410-481410-480410-481410-482410-481410-481410-480410-481410-480 | 124681012141618202224 | 5.68.39.910.110.912.013.214.214.414.714.815.115.4 | 86.390.493.695.295.996.296.897.197.397.397.497.897.6 | 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 | 13.79.66.44.84.13.83.22.92.72.72.62.22.4 |
10wt%CsCl/MgF2 | 380-481380-481380-482380-484380-482380-481380-481380-479380-478380-481380-483380-481380-481 | 12468101214161818202224 | 10.314.016.819.620.020.520.619.920.021.021.021.820.719.7 | 91.195.996.797.497.597.597.897.797.897.897.898.097.797.6 | 0.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.00.0 | 8.94.13.32.62.52.52.22.32.22.22.22.02.32.4 |
*反应条件:20ml的催化剂,6克有机物/小时,
99.1% 244bb/0.4% 1233xf,1个大气压
实施例4:244bb在碱金属氯化物掺杂的MgF2催化剂上脱卤化氢。
在实施例4中,带着以提高1234yf的选择性的目的,测试了一系列碱金属氯化物作为MgF2的添加剂。作为对比,还列出了在MgF2催化剂上的所得到的结果。在通常的运转中使用20cc的催化剂粒料。97.2% 244bb/2.0% 1233xf的混合物以6g/h(克/小时)的速率在470℃至520℃的温度下,通过催化剂床层。测量催化剂床层底部和顶部的温度。
如表5所示,MgF2提供的244bb转化率为53-55%,1234yf的选择性为80-87%,以及1233xf选择性为8-15%;10wt% LiCl/MgF2提供的244bb转化率低于45%,1234yf的选择性约为90%,1233xf的选择性约为5%;10wt%KCl/MgF2提供的244bb转化率低于50%,1234yf选择性约为96%,1233xf选择性约为1%;以及10% CsCl/MgF2提供的244bb转化率为50-52%,1234yf选择性约为97%,且未形成1233xf。CsCl表现出最好的结果。10wt% CsCl/MgF2催化剂提供了与MgF2相当的活性,以及最高的1234yf选择性,且未形成1233xf。
表5
(在244bb脱卤化氢反应中,碱金属氯化物掺杂的MgF2催化剂的反应活性*)
催化剂 | 温度底部-顶部(°) | t(h) | 转化率244bb(%) | 选择性1234yf(%) | 选择性1233xf(%) | 选择性未知(%) |
10wt%LiCl/MgF2 | 475-490475-506475-505475-507 | 1234 | 29.438.840.442.9 | 89.189.689.990.5 | 5.35.35.24.8 | 5.65.04.94.7 |
10wt%KCl/MgF2 | 475-514475-515475-515475-509475-514 | 13567 | 38.347.247.543.747.1 | 95.195.695.895.895.8 | 0.90.80.70.60.7 | 4.03.63.53.53.5 |
10wt%CsCl/MgF2 | 475-511475-510475-511475-508475-510 | 12345 | 49.651.251.850.451.4 | 96.997.096.996.997.0 | 3.13.03.13.13.0 |
*反应条件:20ml的催化剂,6克有机物/小时,
97.2% 244bb/2.0% 1233xf,压力=1atm
在2007年7月6日提交的U.S.临时专利申请No.60/958,468中,公开了含有碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的混合物/组合的催化物组合物以及其用于氟化烃脱氯化氢得到氟化烯烃的附加教导,在此将其以引用的方式并入。
可以理解的是前述内容仅是对本发明的解释。在不违背本发明的情况下,本领域普通技术人员可做出各种备选方案和改变。相应地,本发明意图包括所有这样的落入本申请权利要求范围的备选方案、改变和变化。
Claims (10)
1、一种制备用下式表示的催化剂组合物的方法:
MX/M′F2
其中MX是碱金属卤化物;M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子;X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子;M′F2是二价金属氟化物;以及M′是二价金属离子;
包括:
(a)将一定量的碱金属卤化物溶于一定量的溶剂中,溶剂的数量足以基本上溶解或增溶碱金属卤化物以形成碱金属卤化物溶液;
(b)将一定量的二价金属氟化物加入到碱金属卤化物溶液中,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的浆液;以及
(c)从浆液中除去基本上所有的溶剂,以形成碱金属卤化物和二价金属氟化物的固体物质。
2、根据权利要求1的方法,其中M′选自Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Cu2+和Zn2+。
3、根据权利要求1的方法,其中碱金属卤化物占催化剂组合物的约0.05wt%至约50wt%,基于催化剂组合物总重量计。
4、根据权利要求1的方法,其中煅烧在约100℃至约750℃的温度下进行。
5、根据权利要求1的方法,其中M选自钾和铯,其中X选自F-和Cl-,以及其中M选自Mg2+和Ni2+。
6、一种制备催化剂组合物的方法,包括:
(a)将一定量碱金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到卤化氢的水溶液中,反应以形成碱金属卤化物的水溶液;
(b)将一定量的二价金属的氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐加入到氟化氢的水溶液中,反应以形成二价金属氟化物沉淀;
(c)混合所述的碱金属卤化物溶液和所述的二价金属氟化物沉淀以形成含水浆液;以及
(d)从含水浆液中除去水以形成固体物质,
其中所述的碱金属卤化物用式MX表示;M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子;X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子;二价金属氟化物用式M′F2表示;以及M′是二价金属离子。
7、根据权利要求6的方法,其中M′选自Mg2+、Ca2+、Sr2+、Ba2+、Ni2+、Fe2+、Co2+、Cu2+和Zn2+。
8、根据权利要求6的方法,其中碱金属卤化物占催化剂组合物的约0.05wt%至约50wt%,基于催化剂组合物总重量计。
9、根据权利要求6的方法,其中M选自钾和铯,其中X选自F-和Cl-,以及M′选自Mg2+和Ni2+。
10、一种制备氟化烯烃的方法,包括;邻近碳原子上含有至少一个氢和至少一个氯的氯氟烃在有效催化量的用下式表示的催化剂组合物的存在下脱氯化氢:
MX/M′F2
其中MX是碱金属卤化物;M是选自Li+、Na+、K+、Rb+和Cs+的碱金属离子;X是选自F-、Cl-、Br-和I-的卤素离子;M′F2是二价金属氟化物;以及M′是二价金属离子。
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CN201310294310.4A Active CN103351273B (zh) | 2007-12-10 | 2008-12-09 | 碱金属卤化物掺杂的二价金属氟化物的催化剂组合物的制备方法和氟化烯烃的制备方法 |
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EP (2) | EP2589432B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP5511178B2 (zh) |
KR (1) | KR101509465B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101468323A (zh) |
ES (2) | ES2601055T3 (zh) |
MX (1) | MX2008015692A (zh) |
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2008
- 2008-11-21 US US12/275,656 patent/US8119557B2/en active Active
- 2008-12-05 EP EP13153852.2A patent/EP2589432B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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- 2008-12-05 ES ES13153852.2T patent/ES2638075T3/es active Active
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- 2008-12-09 CN CNA2008101908136A patent/CN101468323A/zh active Pending
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- 2008-12-09 CN CN201310294310.4A patent/CN103351273B/zh active Active
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Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN102822128A (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2012-12-12 | 索尔维公司 | 用于氢氯氟烷的脱氯化氢作用的方法 |
CN102822128B (zh) * | 2010-04-02 | 2015-06-10 | 索尔维公司 | 用于氢氯氟烷的脱氯化氢作用的方法 |
CN103861579A (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2014-06-18 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种三氟乙烯制备用催化剂 |
CN103861579B (zh) * | 2014-03-19 | 2016-01-13 | 西安近代化学研究所 | 一种三氟乙烯制备用催化剂 |
CN113004117A (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-06-22 | 泉州宇极新材料科技有限公司 | 气相脱卤化氢制备3,3,3-三氟丙炔的方法 |
CN113004117B (zh) * | 2021-04-22 | 2021-08-13 | 泉州宇极新材料科技有限公司 | 气相脱卤化氢制备3,3,3-三氟丙炔的方法 |
CN118302241A (zh) * | 2022-02-11 | 2024-07-05 | 福建德尔科技股份有限公司 | 改性氟化钠专用吸附剂、制备及应用 |
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US20110282111A1 (en) | 2011-11-17 |
US20140113805A1 (en) | 2014-04-24 |
ES2601055T3 (es) | 2017-02-14 |
ES2638075T3 (es) | 2017-10-18 |
MX2008015692A (es) | 2009-06-16 |
US20090149680A1 (en) | 2009-06-11 |
US8648222B2 (en) | 2014-02-11 |
JP2009166033A (ja) | 2009-07-30 |
EP3112024A1 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
EP2589432A1 (en) | 2013-05-08 |
KR101509465B1 (ko) | 2015-04-06 |
US8119557B2 (en) | 2012-02-21 |
KR20090060955A (ko) | 2009-06-15 |
JP5511178B2 (ja) | 2014-06-04 |
CN103351273A (zh) | 2013-10-16 |
CN103351273B (zh) | 2018-08-03 |
EP2589432B1 (en) | 2017-05-24 |
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