Background technology
The cast iron of using for the opposing abrasive wear generally uses under the spoken parts in traditional operas state, and it is organized as strong metallic matrix and is supporting hard carbide, makes cast iron can resist wearing and tearing.According to working conditions, white cast iron can not contain alloy, also can contain basic, normal, high amount alloying element.China has worked out the national standard (GB8263-87) of 2 wear-resistant white cast.Wherein the material composition of standard brand is generally as shown in table 1.
The material composition of table 1 standard brand (weight percent) (surplus is an iron)
Hardness is generally HRc53~58, and the high hardness alloy spoken parts in traditional operas antifriction cast iron composition of patent CN1019029B is: carbon 3~4%, silicon 0.4~1.0%, manganese 0.5~2.0%, phosphorus 0.1~0.15%, sulphur 0.1~0.2%, chromium 0.3~1.0%, boron 0.05~0.2%, R.E0.04~0.06, surplus are iron; Unit is a weight percentage.Its hardness HRc55~68.
For Cereals Processing Machines, it is hardness HRc40~55 to the requirement of white pig iron, and the shape more complicated of foundry goods generally.And use current material production, and the difficult buying of low silicon iron, the too high difficult processing of hardness does not meet technical requirements, and the casting crack tendency that current material is produced is big, unsuitable scale operation.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of low-alloy chilled cast iron, this white pig iron meets the requirement of Cereals Processing Machines, has than standard brand white pig iron or the better mechanical workout of CN1019029B white pig iron, casts over-all properties.This white pig iron can be used for the Cereals Processing Machines parts, also can be used for the Other Engineering field.
According to technical scheme provided by the invention, the chemical ingredients of described white pig iron is: carbon 3.5~3.8%, silicon 1.5~1.9%, manganese is greater than 0, smaller or equal to 1.0%, phosphorus is less than 0.05%, sulphur is less than 0.02%, and chromium is greater than 0, smaller or equal to 1.0%, and surplus is iron and inevitable micro impurity element; Unit is a weight percentage.
The fracture of described white pig iron is white in color, hardness HRc40~55.
When the described low-alloy chilled cast iron of melting, smelting furnace adopts medium-frequency induction furnace or cupola furnace, and the adding mode of nodulizing agent is for pouring method in the bag; During melting, be provided for placing the nodularization hole of nodulizing agent in hot metal ladle, put into 1.5~2.0% nodulizing agent of low-alloy chilled cast iron melting amount in the nodularization hole, unit is a weight percentage; Cover insulating covering agent on nodulizing agent, increased pressure board on insulating covering agent again, the smelting temperature of low-alloy chilled cast iron are 70 ℃ in 1520 soil, and the teeming temperature of low-alloy chilled cast iron molten iron is 1400 ± 50 ℃;
The final chemical ingredients of described low-alloy chilled cast iron is: carbon 3.5~3.8%, and silicon 1.5~1.9%, manganese are greater than 0, smaller or equal to 1.0%, phosphorus is less than 0.05%, sulphur is less than 0.02%, and chromium is greater than 0, smaller or equal to 1.0%, and surplus is iron and inevitable micro impurity element; Unit is a weight percentage.According to the ultimate constituent requirement of low-alloy chilled cast iron, the composition of described insulating covering agent, pressing plate calculates in furnace charge.
The add-on of described nodulizing agent is preferably 1.6~1.8% of melting amount.
Described low-alloy chilled cast iron can be applied to the Cereals Processing Machines parts.As feed rolls and agitating roller etc.
The ordinary white cast iron of standard brand and the production technique of low-alloy chilled cast iron and graphitic cast iron are similar, and the melting technology of low-alloy chilled cast iron of the present invention is similar with production spheroidal graphite cast iron, nodulizing agent is common magnesium-rare earth, main component is: calcium 1.0~2.0%, silicon 40~45%, magnesium 6.0~8.0%, rare earth 2.5~3.5% and barium 1.0~2.0%, and all the other are iron; Reasonable a kind of nodulizing agent composition is: calcium 1.08%, silicon 44.57%, magnesium 7.95%, rare earth 3.22% and barium 1.54%, all the other are iron.The composition of described insulating covering agent is common 75# ferrosilicon.
Carbon in the described low-alloy chilled cast iron, silicon are the basal component of cast iron; Manganese, chromium promote perlite to form, and refine pearlite, strengthen matrix.In this white pig iron, there is part to form carbide.
Silicon is than common white pig iron height among the present invention, and main purpose is to guarantee to reduce hardness under the wear-resistant prerequisite as far as possible, reduces shrinkage porosite, shrinkage cavity, and reduction crackle tendency makes described machining of cast iron performance and castability better.Along with silicone content increases, carbon equivalent improves, and crystallization range is narrower, more approaches successively to solidify so solidify, and the shrinkage cavity shrinkage porosity tendency is little, and hot cracking tendency is little.Along with the raising of silicone content, help reducing hardness, thereby the machining of cast iron performance is improved simultaneously.It is also not all right that but hardness is too low, therefore, adds an amount of manganese, chromium again, to guarantee to reach certain rigidity.
The purpose that adds nodulizing agent mainly is to utilize processings of go bad of rare earth in the nodulizing agent, further to make the matrix refinement of foundry goods, can further improve the hardness of foundry goods, and the while has also strengthened the good stability of pouring technology, the raising finished casting rate.Adding nodulizing agent is to handle for rotten, mainly is can form a plurality of nucleation sites when molten steel solidification, makes and organizes more evenly refinement, improve the hardness of foundry goods, and technology is very stable; If do not add nodulizing agent, only depend on the adjustment of silicon and manganese chromium, not very reliable, perhaps be good sometimes, perhaps be extreme difference sometimes, technology is not too stable.Metallographic structure after the processing is perlite and ledeburite, and fracture is white in color.Foundry goods after the formation is without thermal treatment.The present invention is by adding the nodulizing agent that the contains rare earth processing of going bad, nodulizing agent is a kind of material commonly used in the Foundry Production on the one hand, be easy to buying, and cost is low, on the other hand, because nodulizing agent can be placed on the bottom of hot metal ladle, when molten iron is poured into, metamorphic reaction takes place rapidly behind the molten iron contact nodulizing agent, rotten very even, melting technology workable, operator's ratio are easier to grasp and implement.
By adjusting the content of silicon, control suitable carbon equivalent, reduce body and shrink; Add an amount of manganese, chromium simultaneously and handle, to guarantee to reach desired hardness by the rare earth in the nodulizing agent is rotten.
It is too high to the invention solves general white cast iron hardness, the crackle tendency is big, the difficult point that is difficult for processing, the white cast iron hardness value that the present invention makes is between HRc40~55, hardness is moderate, the mechanical workout of being more convenient for, and hot cracking tendency is little, be convenient to make complex-shaped foundry goods, can satisfy wear-resisting requirement again simultaneously.Because adopt the melting technology of magnesium iron, during actual production, various compositions are adding fashionable relatively good adjustment, also easier control is and if adopt the technology of common white pig iron (graphitic cast iron), then various compositions to add or add just to be difficult to the control THE STRUCTURE OF CASTINGS and to change after a little while.This material castability that adopts the present invention to obtain is improved greatly, and the crackle tendency is little, is easy to make the complicated foundry goods of shape, and hardness is moderate simultaneously, and machining property is better.This low-alloy chilled cast iron can be used for making the Cereals Processing Machines parts, and described Cereals Processing Machines parts mainly are feed rolls, agitating roller etc.
Therefore, the present invention is with respect to CN1019029B white pig iron, and hardness is between HRc40~55, hardness is moderate, processing easily, wear-resisting adhering to specification, crackle tendency is little, the feed rolls of making of this white cast iron continuous operation 1 year on rice milling machine, meter mass conservation of processing.
Embodiment
The composition such as the table 1 of the material of standard brand, the composition such as the table 2 of CN1019029B white pig iron.
The composition (weight percent) of table 2 CN1019029B white pig iron (surplus is an iron)
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
B |
R.E |
3~4 |
0.4~1.0 |
0.5~2 |
0.1~0.15 |
0.1~0.2 |
0.3~1 |
0.05~0.2 |
0.04~0.06 |
Among the present invention, it is as shown in table 3 to be used for casting the lost chemical ingredients of the low-alloy spoken parts in traditional operas casting of Cereals Processing Machines parts.
The chemical ingredients of table 3 low-alloy cast iron of the present invention (weight percent) (surplus is an iron)
C |
Si |
Mn |
P |
S |
Cr |
3.5~3.8 |
1.5~1.9 |
0~1.0 |
<0.05 |
<0.02 |
0~1.0 |
The melting technology of material of the present invention is similar with the technology of the production spheroidal graphite cast iron of routine, and detail can " be cast the production technique about spheroidal graphite cast iron in the handbook book of reference such as (the 1st volumes) with reference to what China Machine Press published in 1993.Used nodulizing agent is common magnesium-rare earth, and main component is: calcium 1.08%, silicon 44.57%, magnesium 7.95%, rare earth 3.22% and barium 1.54%, all the other are iron.Can certainly adopt other nodulizing agent that contains rare earth, as the OGRC-6B type nodulizing agent of the peaceful slope iron alloy in Nanjing company limited production.The add-on of nodulizing agent is 1.5%~2.0% of a melting amount.Smelting temperature is 1520 ± 70 ℃, and teeming temperature is 1400 ± 50 ℃.The add-on of nodulizing agent is preferably 1.6%~1.8% of melting amount.
Several compositions of material of the present invention divide and hardness example such as table 4, and typical metallographic structure such as Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 are corresponding with aforementioned 4 embodiment respectively.Among the figure white be ledeburite, black be perlite.
Table 4 chemical ingredients (weight percent) (surplus is an iron) and hardness (HRc)
Mentioned component and performance meet Cereals Processing Machines parts relevant regulations fully, and have better mechanical workout, casting over-all properties.
Compare with common white pig iron and CN1019029B white pig iron, it is few that the present invention adds alloying element, need not add boron, and phosphorus, sulphur composition range are wide, control easily in the production, and the casting crack of producing tendency is little, is easy to make the complicated foundry goods of shape.
Material of the present invention can be used to cast the Cereals Processing Machines parts, as feed rolls, agitating roller etc.
Lift the method for a this low-alloy white cast iron of melting below,, may further comprise the steps with 500 kilograms of molten iron of 500 kilograms of medium-frequency induction furnace meltings:
(1) composition according to the low-alloy white cast iron requires batching (covering ferrosilicon, cover plate calculate in furnace charge), melting molten iron in medium-frequency induction furnace;
(2) in the nodularization of hot metal ladle hole, put into 1.7% of melting amount, i.e. 8.5 kilograms common magnesium-rare earth nodulizing agent, main component is: calcium 1.08%, silicon 44.57%, magnesium 7.95%, rare earth 3.22% and barium 1.54%, all the other are iron; Cover the 75# ferrosilicon, cover the thick general carbon steel steel plate of about 10 millimeter again.
When (3) smelting temperature reaches 1520 ℃, go out the molten iron of about 2/3 volume earlier, wait reaction after about 1 minute, pour the surplus molten iron again.
(4) at about 1400 ℃ of left and right sides pouring cast parts.
Described pressing plate is the plain carbon stool steel plate.