CN101454464A - 轧制硬化的镀锌冷轧板材及其制备方法 - Google Patents

轧制硬化的镀锌冷轧板材及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101454464A
CN101454464A CNA2007800021966A CN200780002196A CN101454464A CN 101454464 A CN101454464 A CN 101454464A CN A2007800021966 A CNA2007800021966 A CN A2007800021966A CN 200780002196 A CN200780002196 A CN 200780002196A CN 101454464 A CN101454464 A CN 101454464A
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P·比勒
R·格克
P·克劳克
M·洛厄
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Abstract

本发明提供一种由低合金钢制备并处于轧制－硬化状态下的板材，所述低合金钢除了铁和不可避免的杂质以外，还包括(以重量％计)至多0.45％的C、至多2.20％的Si、至多2.50％的Mn、至多0.12％的P、至多0.025％的S、至多2.0％的Al、至多0.15％的Ti、至多0.09％的Nb、总量至多1.0％的Cr和Mo、至多0.2％的V和至多0.005％的B，并将其冷轧至0.1－4mm的厚度，该板材具有700－1000MPa的抗拉强度，并且表面镀有通过电镀锌涂敷且层厚达到至多12μm的锌层。这种类型的冷轧板材提供了一种薄钢板或带钢，其不仅具有特别高的强度，而且具有高的抗腐蚀性。除此之外，还提供一种用于制备所述板材的方法。

Description

轧制硬化的镀锌冷轧板材及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种由低合金钢制备的冷轧镀锌板材，例如高强度的冷轧带钢或冷轧薄钢板，及制备该板材的方法。
背景技术
在炼钢行业，存在着对经济型薄钢板的需求，这种钢板重量轻，适用于其中高强度是最重要的因素而在所有情况下薄钢板处理的可锻性和延展性是次要条件的应用场合。这种应用的一个实例是制造门和大门的型钢(profiles)。尤其是，在此考虑的这种类型的薄钢板需要加工成用以制造滚筒闸门、卷帘百页或其他类似的部件的薄板。
在此考虑的此种类型薄钢板的用途的另一实例是变速器或离合器的制造，其中需要重量轻并且强度高的经济型薄钢板以尽可能地减轻重量，尤其是用于制造那些只经过简单成形但在使用中负荷却很高的部件。
在日本专利文献JP 200589853A中描述了一种有助于制造此种薄钢板的方法。在这已知方法中，首先由低合金钢制备成微结构包含特定的珠光体和渗碳体部分以及特定粒度的铁素体晶粒的热轧带钢，所述低合金钢含有(以重量％计)0.15-0.25％的C、至多0.25％的Si、0.3-0.9％的Mn、至多0.025％的P、0.005％的S、至多0.08％的Al、0.008％的N、至多0.07％的Ti、至多0.006％的B和作为余量的铁及不可避免的杂质。然后这种未经过退火处理的热轧带钢以至少50％的冷轧压下率轧制成冷轧带钢。因为通过这种方法得到的带钢在冷轧之后不经过再结晶退火而被进一步加工，当其被制成特定的元件时，就具有了在冷轧过程中由钢的冷应变硬化所赋予的高强度。未经再结晶退火的冷轧薄钢板的这种“轧制-硬化”状态，用技术术语来讲也称作“全硬化(full-hard)”。
为了给予用于房屋建筑行业的“全硬化”薄钢板必要的抗腐蚀性能，现今的薄钢板通常都要经过热浸镀锌。这具有如下优点，即高厚度的锌层能够可靠地镀敷在相对不平的、高度应变硬化的冷轧带钢基板上。除此以外，在现代的热浸镀锌设备上还能够获得高的产量。然而，该经济上的优点又将面临不利因素，即，在热浸镀锌的过程中以“全硬化”状态传送的薄钢板必须在进入锌浴槽之前被加热到至少锌浴的温度，一般在475℃的范围内。
即使该温度实质上低于这一特定钢的再结晶温度，该加热也起到回火的作用。因此加热到锌浴的温度导致以“全硬化”状态传送的冷轧带钢因热浸镀锌而引起抗拉强度的降低。因此，经过热浸镀锌的全硬化冷轧带钢具有通常在500-700MPa范围内的抗拉强度。
虽然文献JP 10176253A描述了使在热浸镀锌过程中引起的抗拉强度的降低最小化的尝试，其中各段进入锌浴的带钢仅在其正好进入锌浴之前通过紧密的集中感应加热达到要求的温度，但由此带来的必要的设备和控制技术成本是如此之高，以致实际上该已知方法被证明是不经济的。
发明内容
根据前述现有技术，本发明的目的是提供一种处于轧制硬化的、全硬化状态的冷轧钢板材，其不仅具有特别高的强度，而且具有特别高的抗腐蚀性能。除此之外，还提供一种用于制备所述板材的方法。
关于产品，本发明的目的是通过由低合金钢制备的冷轧板材达成的，所述低合金钢除了铁和不可避免的杂质以外，还包含(以重量％计)至多0.45％的C、至多2.20％的Si、至多2.50％的Mn、至多0.12％的P、至多0.025％的S、至多2.0％的Al、至多0.15％的Ti、至多0.09％的Nb、总量至多1.0％的Cr和Mo、至多0.2％的V和至多0.005％的B，该冷轧板材具有0.1-4mm的厚度，处于轧制-硬化状态下，因而具有700-1000MPa的抗拉强度，并且表面镀有通过电镀锌涂敷并且层厚达到至多12μm的锌层。
相应地，关于方法本发明的目的是通过如下事实来达成的：根据本发明，一种具有700-1000MPa的抗拉强度的轧制硬化的镀锌冷轧板材是通过如下方法制备的：
-热轧带钢由除了含有铁和不可避免的杂质以外还含有(以重量％计)至多0.45％的C、至多2.20％的Si、至多2.50％的Mn、至多0.12％的P、至多0.025％的S、至多2.0％的Al、至多0.15％的Ti、至多0.09％的Nb、总量至多1.0％的Cr和Mo、至多0.2％的V和至多0.005％的B的钢材制备；
-具有0.1-4mm厚度的冷轧板材通过由热轧带钢以大于30％的冷轧压下率冷轧而成；
以及
-将处于轧制硬化状态下的冷轧板材进行电镀锌处理，至多12μm厚的锌层被涂敷至冷轧板材上。
具体实施方式
根据本发明，一种由给定成份的钢材不经过退火处理制备而成的处于轧制硬化状态的冷轧板材(例如冷轧带钢或冷轧薄钢板)，其中其具有在低于1％延伸率下、至少700MPa的抗拉强度(抗拉强度≈极限伸长率)，在电镀锌设备中涂敷锌层。令人惊奇的是，在这种情况下可以看出在电镀过程中形成在全硬化状态下的冷轧板材上的锌层，尽管不平整，但却具有连续厚度，从而获得厚度、均匀性和密度，为各种预期目的，这对根据本发明构成和制备的冷轧带钢或薄钢板可靠地提供足够的抗腐蚀能力。同时，可以看到，根据本发明的冷轧板材在电镀锌过程中至少保持了其在冷轧之后所能达到的抗拉强度，甚至还呈现出抗拉强度的提高，从而对于根据本发明制备和构成的带钢和薄钢板，抗拉强度可以常规地达到700MPa以上，通常达到800MPa以上。同样，已经惊人地得到证明，根据本发明的板材可能通过电镀锌得到进一步提高的高抗拉强度并不会阻止在其最小延展性范围内的可能的进一步变形。因此，简单成形的型钢部件(如用于滚筒闸门或卷帘百页的薄板)由于材料厚度薄而具有轻的重量并且确保了良好的热绝缘性能，但是由于它们特别高的强度，同时也带来了特别高的硬度和相应的高抗弯曲性能，尽管如此，这些部件能够用根据本发明的产品通过卷边、弯曲和辊轧成形制备。这些特征的组合使得根据本发明的产品特别适合于各部件暴露于由例如卷绕或类似作用力产生的宽表面负载的应用场合。
依赖于各种不同的应用，根据本发明的冷轧带钢或薄钢板能够具有0.1-3mm的厚度，其中对于典型的应用目的，它的厚度可以在0.1-1.0mm的范围内，特别地，达到至多0.8mm。
存在于本发明的冷轧板材上的锌层的抗腐蚀效果可以通过使锌层至少为2μm厚而得以确保。在这种情况下典型的层厚是2.5μm、7.5μm或10μm。因此优选的层厚范围是2-10μm，特别是4-8μm。
除了根据本发明电镀的锌层以外，根据本发明的冷轧全硬化钢材还可以在所述锌层上再涂敷至少一层附加层，例如油漆罩面、粉末涂层或类似的层。
特别高的冷应变硬化和与之相关的特别高的强度值可以通过相应的在冷轧过程中实现的高轧制压下率来达到，如果必要的话，冷轧过程可以以多阶段进行。在这方面，如果在冷轧过程中达到至少50％的轧制压下率可能是有利的。
为证明本发明的效果，首先在传统的铸轧设备中将低合金钢浇铸成薄板坯，所述低合金钢含有(以重量％计)0.034％的C、0.023％的Si、0.24％的Mn、0.009％的P、0.006％的S、0.037％的Al、0.031％的Cr、0.0029％的Mo、0.0004％的Ti、0.001％的V、0.001％的Nb和余量的铁及不可避免的杂质，并且热轧带钢由此薄板坯热轧形成。然后，由该热轧带钢通过82％的冷轧压下率制备0.35mm厚的冷轧带钢，其在不退火、轧制硬化状态下的抗拉强度是841MPa。
然后用这种方法制备的全硬化钢材在传统的钢带电镀锌设备中在每一侧都镀上锌层，其厚度是7.5μm。在电镀锌之后全硬化钢材的抗拉强度仍然是841MPa。
通过该方法得到的电镀锌的、轧制硬化的冷轧带钢随后被涂上彩色层。用于滚筒闸门的薄板(其除了重量轻和良好的热绝缘性能外，还具有高的抗弯曲性能)能够毫无问题地通过辊轧成形进行变形处理。

Claims (12)

1、冷轧板材，
-由低合金钢制备而成，所述低合金钢除了铁和不可避免的杂质以外，还包括(以重量％计)至多0.45％的C、至多2.20％的Si、至多2.50％的Mn、至多0.12％的P、至多0.025％的S、至多2.0％的A1???、至多0.15％的Ti、0.09％的Nb、总量至多1.0％的Cr和Mo、至多0.2％的V和至多0.005％的B，
-具有0.1-4mm的厚度，
-处于轧制-硬化状态下且因而具有700-1000MPa的抗拉强度，和
-表面镀有锌层，所述锌层通过电镀锌涂敷并且层厚达到至多12μm。
2、如权利要求1所述的冷轧板材，其特征在于：具有0.1-3mm的厚度。
3、如权利要求2所述的冷轧板材，其特征在于：具有0.1-1.0mm的厚度。
4、如前述任一权利要求所述的冷轧板材，其特征在于：锌层至少2μm厚。
5、如权利要求4所述的冷轧板材，其特征在于：锌层是2-10μm厚，尤其是4-8μm厚。
6、如前述任一权利要求所述的冷轧板材，其特征在于：在所述锌层上有至少一层附加层。
7、一种具有700-1000MPa抗拉强度的轧制硬化镀锌冷轧板材的制备方法，
-其中热轧带钢由除了铁和不可避免的杂质以外还含有(以重量％计)至多0.45％的C、至多2.20％的Si、至多2.50％的Mn、至多0.12％的P、至多0.025％的S、至多2.0％的A1???、至多0.15％的Ti、至多0.09％的Nb、总量至多1.0％的Cr和Mo、至多0.2％的V和至多0.005％的B的钢材制备；
-其中具有0.1-4mm的厚度的冷轧板材通过所述热轧带钢以大于30％的压下率冷轧而成；以及
-其中处于轧制硬化状态下的冷轧板材进行电镀锌处理，至多12μm厚的锌层被涂敷至所述冷轧板材上。
8、如前述任一权利要求所述的制备方法，其特征在于：冷轧板材被冷轧至0.1-1mm的厚度。
9、如权利要求7和8中任一项所述制备方法，其特征在于：锌层的厚度为至少2μm。
10、如权利要求7-9任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：锌层的厚度为4-8μm。
11、如权利要求7-10任一项所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在所述锌层上涂敷至少一层附加层。
12、如前述任一权利要求所述的制备方法，其特征在于：在冷轧过程中达到至少50％的冷轧压下率。
CNA2007800021966A 2006-01-11 2007-01-03 轧制硬化的镀锌冷轧板材及其制备方法 Pending CN101454464A (zh)

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