CN101452622A - Rfid密封标签 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种RFID标签(400),其适于用作防窃启密封件。所述标签包括RFID应答器,其包含集成电路芯片(402)以及连接在所述集成电路芯片上的天线(404)。在完整无损的情况时,所述RFID应答器可以与RFID询问装置通信。所述标签还包括弱化线(412、414、416、418),例如穿孔线,其横跨所述天线的至少一部分或在所述天线与所述集成电路芯片之间延伸。在所述标签沿所述弱化线破损时,造成所述RFID应答器无法与所述RFID询问装置通信。
Description
本申请是2004年12月1日提交的申请号为“200480038816.8”(PCT/SG2004/000389)的发明专利申请“RFID密封标签”的分案申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及封装物品的电子跟踪和识别,并且更具体地讲涉及利用无线射频识别(RFID)标签跟踪或识别物品的方法和装置。
背景技术
已经发展出各种不同的技术来跟踪和识别物品。例如,现在通常将条形码施加在物品上,并且这种条形码可以通过光学方式被扫描,从而识别该物品或者该物品的编码的特征,例如物品的价格。然而,基于光学扫描技术的缺点在于在扫描装置与条码之间需要瞄准线。因而,如果所施加的条码并不朝向扫描装置,或者如果物体包含在箱子、运货板条箱或者其它可选不透光包装中,则不可能识别物体。
为此和其它原因,RFID技术已经发展成无需在扫描装置与识别标签之间建立瞄准线而识别物体。通常被简称为RFID标签的RFID应答器(即发射器/响应器)是薄的无线射频收发器,其包括安装在支承基材上的集成电路芯片以及天线。标签可以是有源的或无源的,有源的类型包括用于给收发器供电的电池,而无源类型的装置通过用于询问标签的RF信号而进行供电操作。
RFID标签的集成电路芯片包括RF电路、控制逻辑线路和存储器,而天线大体包括形成为支承基材上的感应线圈中的诸如铜或铝的金属导体。电容器可附加地由金属导体形成,从而将天线的谐振调节至期望的操作频率。基材通常是诸如聚酯或聚酰亚胺的塑料的薄柔软膜。例如,常用的聚酯基材是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)。以这种方式所形成的RFID标签可以是非常地薄,例如对于集成电路芯片的厚度而言,为0.5毫米以下,并且对于标签的其它区域上的部分而言,为0.1毫米以下。
询问装置(interrogator device)被用来读取存储在RFID应答器的集成电路芯片的存储器中的物体识别信息。该询问装置发射编码的RF信号,即使在标签并未处于询问装置的瞄准线中时,所述编码的RF信号也可以被处于发射器范围内的应答器接收。通常,应答器将入射RF载波反射回询问装置,同时在该过程中将存储在存储器中的信息编码到所述载波上。在可写式标签的情况中,还可以根据编码在入射RF载波上的新信息调整存储器中的信息。在这种方式中,RFID应答器操作成将物体识别数据来回通过芯片中的存储器进行接收、存储和发射。
由于应答器是薄的,所以它们容易地与附加的支承材料一体形成,所述支承材料例如为纸或诸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)的塑料。因此,RFID可被配置成粘性标签或带的形式,它们可容易施加在物品上,以便用于跟踪和识别的目的。
与识别物体的其它形式相比,RFID标签的显著优势在于,它们可配置成大致自动跟踪和识别的应用,这是因为它们并不依靠操作的瞄准线。例如,询问装置可安装在生产线或包装线上的固定位置处,从而在携带着RFID标签的物品通过询问装置时,它们被识别而跟踪它们的位置。只要物品进入询问装置的射频范围,则它们就可以被识别到而不受以下因素影响,即它们的朝向,RFID标签在物品上的位置,或者是否物品包含在封闭的包装容器中。例如在将要经过询问位置点的物品在期望的时间并未被识别时,或者在物品在其并不期望安置的询问位置点被识别时,这种跟踪系统使得早期检测到物品的错失或错误导向。
尽管传统的RFID标签对于物体的跟踪和识别提供了有用的装置,但仍旧是标签而不是其所附的物体被询问装置识别。因而,可以通过将物品从RFID跟踪系统中取出,而同时将标签留在原位从而使RFID跟踪系统失效。例如,在一些情况下,通过将标签从物品上取下并且重新将标签安置在容器中,而以不被检测到的方式将带有标签的物品从这种物品的容器中取出。在其它情况中,RFID标签仅仅施加在物品的包装上,并且因而简单地通过从带有标签的包装中取出物品,并且将包装留在系统中,而以无法检测到的方式取出物品。在随后的询问位置点,标签将应答询问装置,并且系统将无法检测到物品已经被取出。
跟踪和识别系统的失效是物流和相关运输行业中的一个重要的问题,尤其是那些涉及高价值的相对便携物品的运输或移动,例如,手表、酒、珠宝和手机。这种类型的物品具有相对高的失窃率,并且失窃可以涉及到在密封或再次密封容器之前,从诸如卡纸箱的容器取出一个或多个物品。因此,直到容器在最终目的地打开之前,不会发现失窃,在那时,将很难确定在供应和运输链的哪个阶段物品被取出。
已经被用于检测窃启容器中的物品的一种方法是使用防窃带密封容器。这种带不可再次密封,并且印有负责密封容器的组织的独特的图案,从而任何试图切割和再次密封带在检测时将被发现。然而,带卷可以被偷窃或仿造。在任何情况中,在容器邻近目的地被检测之前,仍不可检测到窃启,并且仍然没有方法确定在容器打开之前,容器中的物品是否已经被窃启过。
因此,需要一种用于RFID跟踪和识别系统中的改进的装置和方法,使得很难通过将标签与所跟踪的物品分离而使系统失效。还期望的是,提供用在RFID跟踪和识别系统中的RFID标签,其便于施加在所跟踪的物品上,其可以以简单直接的方式生产,并且其在正常的处理和应用过程中是坚固的。
应该注意的是,说明书的文件、装置、作用或认识的任何讨论是包括在本发明的内容中。应该被认为接受的是,在权利要求书所要求的优先权日当天或之前现有技术领域或者相应技术领域所公知技术的一部分的任何材料。
发明内容
根据一个方面,本发明提供了用作防窃启密封件的RFID标签,其包括:
RFID应答器,其包括集成电路芯片以及连接在所述集成电路芯片上的天线,在完整无损的状态时,所述应答器可以与RFID询问装置通信,所述RFID标签包括弱化线,其横跨所述天线的至少一部分或者在所述天线与所述集成电路芯片之间延伸,从而在所述标签沿所述弱化线破损时,造成所述RIFD应答器无法与所述RFID询问装置通信;
柔性材料的第一薄片(web),其包括施加在所述第一薄片的外侧表面上的粘性涂层,以使所述标签粘附在物品上;以及
柔性材料的第二薄片,
其中,所述应答器安置在柔性材料的第一薄片与第二薄片之间,形成层叠结构。
因此,根据本发明的RFID标签可以以这样一种方式粘附在包装上,即在不沿所述弱化线撕裂所述标签并且因而造成所述应答器无法操作的前提下,很难打开所述包装而取出包含在其中的物品。在包装具有开口的线的地方,例如一种箱体,在所述箱体的盖与本体之间设有连接部或者形成闭合箱体的折板交会线,标签可以粘附在包装上,从而标签的弱化线对正包装的开口的线。在不沿弱化线破损所述标签的前提下,很难沿所述开口的线打开所述包装。
本发明所提供的另一个优势在于,柔性材料的第一薄片提供了在处理和应用期间给予RFID标签附加强度和支承的背衬,并且提供了应用粘性涂层的合适表面。柔性材料的第二薄片在处理期间提供了附加的保护,从而使得RFID标签在正常处理和应用的状态下坚固。有利地,本发明的RFID标签可以通过层叠的处理方式被组装,其中应答器至少夹在柔性材料的第一薄片与第二薄片之间。标签可以以完整独立的形式被供应,从而标签可直接施加在物品上用作为防窃启密封件,而无需使用者提供将标签粘附在物品上的单独的装置。
在另一方面中,本发明提供了一种用于密封包装从而使得可以检测未经授权触及所述包装中的物品的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供根据本发明的RFID标签;并且
借助于施加在所述标签的柔性材料的第一薄片上的粘性涂层,将所述RFID标签粘附在所述包装上,从而所述标签的弱化线对正所述包装的开口的线,
从而,在所述包装沿所述开口的线被打开时,所述标签沿所述弱化线破损。
有利地,如果以这种方式密封的包装被安放在本身被封闭的较大容器中,则然后可以利用RFID询问装置在供应和输送链上的不同的位置点询问粘附在位于容器中的包装上的RFID标签。如果任何一个RFID标签无法响应询问装置,则将推断出在询问操作的连续的位置点之间,相应的物品可能已经被窃启或取出。
因而,在另一方面,本发明提供了一种用于检测未经授权窃启或取出存储在容器中的物品的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供多个根据本发明的RFID标签;
借助于施加在所述标签的柔性材料的第一薄片上的粘性涂层,将所述个RFID标签粘附在所述物品上;
将所述物品存储在所述容器中;
随后利用RFID询问装置来询问所述RFID标签;并且
针对一个或多个所述RFID标签无法响应所述RFID询问装置的情况来检测未经授权窃启或取出所述物品。
该方法还可包括在将所述物品存储在所述容器之前提供存储在所述RFID标签中的识别信息的步骤。然后,询问所述RFID标签的步骤可包括从所述RFID标签读取所述识别信息,而检测未经授权窃启的步骤包括根据存储在所述容器中的物品检测是否识别信息已经改变。有利地,这使得窃启者很难通过用完好的标签替代受损的标签来骗过系统,这是因为存储在替代标签中的识别信息将不匹配原始的识别信息,并因而检测出发生改变。
识别信息可通过电子方式从所述物品存储在所述容器中的第一位置发送至所述RFID标签被询问的第二位置。因而,检测所述识别信息是否已经改变的步骤可包括对比通过电子方式所发送的识别信息与从所述RFID标签读取的识别信息。
RFID应答器可包括支承基材,集成电路芯片以及天线安装在所述支承基材上。
柔性材料的第一薄片和第二薄片可由纸制成。可选地,它们可由诸如聚氯乙烯(PVC)的塑料制成。
在特定优选实施例中,弱化线包括穿孔线。可选地,可以以一些其它方式形成弱化线,例如通过沿期望的线划痕标签。优选地,弱化线设置在柔性材料的第一薄片和/或第二薄片中。然而,无论以哪一种方式形成弱化线,重要的是确保标签有效操作,例如通过利用天线的一部分或者集成电路芯片上的连接件。
标签还可包括一个或多个附加的弱化线,它们每个横跨天线的至少一部分或者在天线与集成电路芯片之间延伸,从而在密封标签沿任何一个或多个弱化线破损时,造成RFID应答器无法与RFID询问装置通信。设置多个弱化线有利地改进了应用标签的灵活性,同时使得其可以应用成横跨具有各种不同几何形状的物品的开口的线。
尽管RFID应答器可以是有源的或者无源的,但优选的是,使用无源的RFID应答器,从而减少RFID标签的成本和复杂性。
在另一个方面,本发明提供了用于检测未经授权窃启或取出存储在容器中的物品的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供RFID标签,其中所述RFID标签包括集成电路芯片、连接在所述集成电路芯片上的天线、以及弱化线,其中所述弱化线横跨所述天线的至少一部分或者在所述天线与所述集成电路之间延伸,从而在标签沿所述弱化线破损时,造成RFID应答器无法与对应的RFID询问装置通信;
将识别信息记录在RFID标签中;
将RFID标签粘附在物品上,并且在第一位置将物品存储在容器中;
通过电子方式将所述识别信息从第一位置发送至容器被输送至的第二位置;
利用RFID询问装置在第二位置询问RFID标签,以检索存储在所述标签中的识别信息;并且
通过确定所述RFID标签是否响应RFID询问装置或者通过确定所检索的信息是否与所发送的信息匹配的方式来检测未经授权窃启或取出物品。
有利地,该方法使得在第二位置接收容器的接收者可以验证通过询问容器中的RFID标签所得到的识别信息与通过电子方式发送的识别信息之间的一致性匹配。这使得接收者确保不仅容器中所响应的RFID标签的数量是正确的,还确保了每一个包含期望的识别信息,从而窃启者不可能例如通过用完好的标签替换受损的标签来骗过系统,这是因为所替换标签的识别信息将不匹配所发送的信息。
附图说明
根据本发明优选实施例的以下说明,将清楚本发明的RFID标签的其它益处和优点,然而,这些优选实施例并不应该被认为限制了以前述任何方式所述的本发明的范围。为了可以更加全面理解本发明,将参看附图说明本发明的实施例,其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的RFID标签;
图2示出了使用如图1所示的RFID标签密封包装;
图3是示意流程图,其示出了根据本发明的检测未经授权窃启包装的方法;并且
图4示出了根据本发明的RFID标签的可选实施例。
具体实施方式
图1示出了根据本发明一个方面的用作防窃启密封件的RFID标签100的实施例。RFID标签100包括RFID应答器,其包含集成电路芯片102以及连接在所述集成电路芯片上的天线104。正如本领域目前所公知,天线104被成形为环形天线。对于本发明而言,RFID应答器的形式并不是关键的,只要其足够薄以在其粘附的物品窃启时容易破损。在完整无损的状态时,RFID应答器可以通过下述方式与发射编码的RF信号的RFID询问装置通信,即通过将入射RF载波反射回询问装置,并且在该过程中将存储在集成电路芯片102的存储器中的信息编码在载波上。图1所示的应答器是一种无源装置,其不需要电池,而是通过用于询问标签的RF信号获得电力。
合适的RFID应答器可从诸如德州仪器公司的供应商购得。正如本领域技术人员所知,购买的应答器通常在诸如聚酯或聚酰亚胺的有机基材(未在图中示出)上制造并供应有集成电路芯片102和天线104。如图1所示,应答器还一体设有至少一个柔性材料的薄片106,其提供了在处理和应用期间给予标签附加强度和支承的背衬,并且提供了应用粘性涂层的合适表面。背衬材料106例如可包括纸或诸如PVC的聚合物材料。
在优选实施例100中,柔性材料的至少一个附加薄片(未在图中示出)还施加附着在应答器的顶侧上,以在处理期间提供附加的保护。因而,可借助于层叠的加工方式组装整个RFID标签100,其中在其基材上的应答器夹在诸如纸或塑料的柔性材料的至少两个薄片之间。
RFID标签的背部随后涂有适合的粘合剂,其优选是强固的、压敏粘合剂。诸如蜡纸或塑料膜的可释放的层体大体将施加在粘合剂上,以保持所述粘合剂的有效寿命,并且防止标签过早地粘附在其它物品或表面上。然后,通过去除可释放的层体并且在期望的位置处将标签的粘合表面推压在物品上,从而将标签粘附在物品上。
RFID标签100还包括弱化线,其为穿孔线108的形式,其横贯金属导体110延伸,而所述金属导体将集成电路芯片102与天线104相连。应该理解的是,弱化线不必采用穿孔的形式,而是可以以任何适合的方式形成,例如沿期望的线划痕标签。无论以什么样的方式形成弱化线,基本的要求是标签被弱化,从而沿所述线更容易地撕开,并且在形成线的过程中,应答器并不受到损害。因而,例如,在穿孔线108的情况中,可以紧邻导体110进行穿孔,而必须小心处理以确保不会在导体110本身上穿孔。
根据本发明,在标签100沿穿孔线108破损时,集成电路芯片102与天线104之间的连接将受到影响,同时造成RFID应答器不可操作并且不能与RFID询问装置通信。因此,通过询问应答器可以检测出标签100沿线108的可能出现的破损。如果应答器响应询问,则然后可以认定标签100没有破损。
图2示出了示例标签100可用作包装200上的防窃启密封件的方式。如图所示,包装200是箱体,其包括基底202以及铰接的盖204(铰接件位于箱体的后部,并未示出),所述箱体例如是珠宝箱。因而,箱体200包括开口的线206,其在基底202与盖204之间延伸。在不损伤箱体的前提下,或者在不通过以通常方式打开箱体而沿开口的线206分离基底202和盖204的前提下,不能够触及箱体202中的物品。
RFID标签100通过以下方式被用作一种放窃启密封件,即通过粘附其横跨箱体的基底202以及盖204,从而穿孔线108与开口的线206对正。因而,如果打开箱体200,则标签100将沿穿孔线108破损,并且如果箱体200中的物品已经被窃启或取出,则将不会响应随后询问所述标签100的任何尝试。
有利地,可以无需视觉检测而完成标签100的询问,即使箱体200封闭在较大的容器中。因而,图3示意性示出了根据本发明的示例方法,其使得实现存储在容器内的物品的未经授权的窃启或取出的检测。
在该方法的第一步骤302中,利用根据本发明的RFID标签以参看图2如上所述的方式密封包含诸如珠宝的贵重物品的箱体200。
在另一步骤304中,箱体200封闭在诸如纸板运输箱的较大容器中。所述容器可包括多个独立标签和密封的物品。
在随后的步骤306中,容器被以密封的方式封闭。将理解的是,诸如纸板箱的容器例如包括开口的线307,可利用传统的包装胶带、防窃启胶带和/或根据本发明的附加RFID标签来密封所述开口的线。
在运输和处理过程中的任何期望的随后阶段308,可通过RFID询问装置来询问容器中的物品。为了简化处理,例如,在正常处理期间,询问装置可安置在容器所安放的或者容器所经过的表面309上。如果最初封闭的所有RFID标签响应询问装置,则有理由确认所有对应的物品仍旧封闭在容器中,并且例如在处理或运输期间,箱体200并未被打开。在另一方面,任何最初封闭的RFID标签无法响应询问装置提供了这样一种暗示,即相应的物品已经被取出和/或相应的箱体已经被打开或者以其它方式窃启。在每种情况中,不必打开容器,或者不必视觉检测物品,除非RFID标签无法响应。有利地,由于不必打开容器除非怀疑已经窃启,所以如果期望的话,则可要求设置物品的典型的发射器、接收器或保险器,以便用于容器的打开和检测。
为了确保运输过程中的安全性,存储在每个RFID标签中的识别信息,也称为TagID(标签标识)例如以电子形式单独发送至接收者。在收到交付之后,然后接收者可以确认在通过询问容器中的RFID标签所得到的TagID与通过电子方式所接收到的TagID之间存在一致的匹配。这确保了不仅仅容器内的做出响应的RFID标签的数目是正确的,而且还确保了每个包含期望的识别信息。因此,窃启者不可能通过用完好的标签替换受损的标签来骗过系统,这是因为所替换标签的TagID将是不正确的。
尽管原理上似乎可行的是,老道的窃启者可以从最初的标签读取TagID,并且用相同的TagID编程获得替代的标签,但实际上这么做是非常困难的,这是因为不同的标签使用不同的协议进行通信,并且因而窃启者将必须知道对应于将被读取的标签的正确的协议。然而,通过使用与RFID标签通信的安全协议可以获得更大的安全性。
本领域技术人员应该理解的是,本发明的RFID标签并不限于是参看图1至3所述的实施例100的形式。仅仅作为其它示例,图4示出了RFID标签的可选实施例400。与实施例100一样,RFID标签400也包括RFID应答器,其包含集成电路芯片402以及经由导体410连接在所述集成电路芯片上的环形天线404。所述应答器一体形成有诸如纸或塑料的背衬材料的至少一个柔性薄片406,在其相反的表面上具有粘性涂层。集成电路芯片402位于由天线404的环圈所限定的周边中,并且因而在实施例400中,并不实际也不方便的是横跨连接导体410形成弱化线。
因而,在可选实施例400的情况中,弱化线实际上横跨天线404的环圈形成。天线环圈的破损将使得应答器不响应询问动作。将导致天线破损的任何线将因而用于造成标签不可操作的目的,并且因而多个弱化线设置在可选的实施例400中。这些包括完整的对角线412、水平线414、垂直线416以及半对角线418,它们每个形成为穿孔线。设置多个弱化线有利地改进了标签应用的灵活性,使得其可以应用成横贯具有各种不同几何形状的物品的开口的线。
为了给物品提供更高级别的保护,所述物品尤其是那些保持在具有弱化区域或者允许从不止一侧或开口触及的较大包装中的物品,可以横跨开口的不同的线或可能的区域施加多个标签。如果随后发现施加在包装上的任何一个标签不对询问进行响应,则这将表明包装已经被打开或者以其它方式被窃启。
上述实施例并非倾向于限制本发明,并且在由权利要求书所限定的本发明的范围内可采用其它实施例。
Claims (1)
1.一种用于检测未经授权窃启或取出存储在容器中的物品的方法,其包括以下步骤:
提供RFID标签,其中所述RFID标签包括集成电路芯片、连接在所述集成电路芯片上的天线、以及弱化线,其中所述弱化线横跨所述天线的至少一部分或者在所述天线与所述集成电路芯片之间延伸,从而在所述标签沿所述弱化线破损时,造成所述RFID应答器无法与对应的RFID询问装置通信;
将识别信息记录在所述RFID标签中;
将所述RFID标签粘附在所述物品上,并且在第一位置将所述物品存储在容器中;
通过电子方式将所述识别信息从第一位置发送至所述容器被输送至的第二位置;
利用RFID询问装置在所述第二位置询问所述RFID标签,以检索存储在所述标签中的识别信息;并且
通过确定所述RFID标签是否响应RFID询问装置或者通过确定所检索的信息是否与所发送的信息匹配的方式来检测未经授权窃启或取出物品。
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2004
- 2004-12-01 GB GB0609190A patent/GB2424302A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-12-01 US US10/584,015 patent/US20070069895A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-12-01 WO PCT/SG2004/000389 patent/WO2005062247A1/en active Application Filing
- 2004-12-01 CN CNA2008101745482A patent/CN101452622A/zh active Pending
- 2004-12-01 CN CNA2004800388168A patent/CN1898686A/zh active Pending
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CN110728346A (zh) * | 2018-07-17 | 2020-01-24 | 昱盛国际企业股份有限公司 | 智能胶带及使用其的物流系统 |
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US20070069895A1 (en) | 2007-03-29 |
WO2005062247A1 (en) | 2005-07-07 |
GB0609190D0 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
GB2424302A (en) | 2006-09-20 |
CN1898686A (zh) | 2007-01-17 |
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