CN101421087A - 制造预型件的方法和设备 - Google Patents

制造预型件的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101421087A
CN101421087A CNA2007800134983A CN200780013498A CN101421087A CN 101421087 A CN101421087 A CN 101421087A CN A2007800134983 A CNA2007800134983 A CN A2007800134983A CN 200780013498 A CN200780013498 A CN 200780013498A CN 101421087 A CN101421087 A CN 101421087A
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injection
preform
wheel
measurement device
compacting
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CN101421087B (zh
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A·杜皮伊
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Olilab LLC
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/02Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C43/04Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds
    • B29C43/06Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds continuously movable in one direction, e.g. mounted on chains, belts
    • B29C43/08Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using movable moulds continuously movable in one direction, e.g. mounted on chains, belts with circular movement, e.g. mounted on rolls, turntables
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/04Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity
    • B29C31/06Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting
    • B29C31/065Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting using volumetric measuring chambers moving between a charging station and a discharge station
    • B29C31/068Feeding of the material to be moulded, e.g. into a mould cavity in measured doses, e.g. by weighting using volumetric measuring chambers moving between a charging station and a discharge station of the piston type
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/34Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16Cooling
    • B29C2035/1616Cooling using liquids
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C35/00Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C35/16Cooling
    • B29C2035/1658Cooling using gas
    • B29C2035/1666Cooling using gas dried air
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/34Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means
    • B29C2043/3466Feeding the material to the mould or the compression means using rotating supports, e.g. turntables or drums
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C43/00Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C43/32Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C43/36Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C2043/3676Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles moulds mounted on rotating supporting constuctions
    • B29C2043/3678Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles moulds mounted on rotating supporting constuctions on cylindrical supports with moulds or mould cavities provided on the periphery
    • B29C2043/3681Moulds for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles moulds mounted on rotating supporting constuctions on cylindrical supports with moulds or mould cavities provided on the periphery opening and closing axially, i.e. parallel to the rotation axis
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29KINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2067/00Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Robotics (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)

Abstract

料斗和干燥器(1)将PET颗粒供给到挤出机(2)。挤出机依次供给计量轮(3),计量器(未示出)位于计量轮(3)上。支撑注射-压制模块(5)的注射-压制轮(4)紧接着计量轮(3)地安置。如果所述设备不被设置用于连续地供给吹制机以将预型件加工成包装物,那么预型件的冷却被设计成通过预型件的冷却轮(6)进行,冷却轮(6)配设有一组装置(61),所述装置(61)在预型件被装载以储存之前将空气吹送到预型件上。

Description

制造预型件的方法和设备
技术领域
[01]本发明涉及连续的生产方法,以及实施所述连续的生产方法的设备,所述连续的生产方法通过对预型件的注射-压制的方式进行连续生产,用以通过挤出机来制造包装物,所述包装物例如为瓶,其由合成材料制成。
背景技术
[02]合成材料制成的包装物,例如聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)制成的瓶,通过对预型件的拉吹(étirage-soufflage)来制造,预型件的拉吹通常通过以下两种方法进行:
[03]-根据所谓的“两步骤”方法,首先通过用注射压力机和多模腔模具(moule multi-empreintes)来制造预型件。所述注射压力机将PET颗粒转变成预型件。所述预型件按连续批次(lot)(等于模具的模腔数)生产,并且在室温下储存,这些预型件以后朝向临近的或远处的吹制机输送。
[04]-根据所谓的“一步骤”方法,通过在相同的机器上连续地制造预型件和瓶。所述机器将PET颗粒转变成直接可用的瓶。
[05]所述“两步骤”方法能够同时制造多个预型件,但当所述多个预型件到达吹制机时,所述预型件处于室温,并且应当将它们加热直到大约100℃的吹制温度,这一方面需要预型件的特殊管理(储存、运输、操控),另一方面使得生产成本更高。“一步骤”方法能够节约能量,因为当预型件到达吹制工位(postes de soufflage)时,预型件处于大约60℃的温度下,这能够节约将预型件从室温加热至60℃所需的能量。
[06]不管采用哪种方法,制造预型件都需要对热塑性的合成材料——在这种情况下是PET——进行转变,以便从冷却的模具中获得预型件。
[07]完全干燥的颗粒(在大约160℃下干燥几个小时)通过挤出机在大约270℃下被转变成熔融的材料。
[08]三个已知的原理(principe)可能用于从所述熔融塑性材料获得预型件。
[09]传统注射:热材料被注射到具有两阶段(deux phases)的静态模具中:一动态的填充模具阶段;一静态的保持阶段,用以在冷却期间培育预型件。注射压力一般超过1000巴。
[10]这种技术意味着强的机械应力作用在所述材料上,以及要求机器在模具的关闭力和注射压力方面性能良好。封闭系统是必需的,以在保持阶段结束时关闭注射口(seuil d’injection)。
[11]压制:精确量的熔融的材料被输入模具中,其中,模具的凸模(poincon)是可移动的。通过凸模的移动进行压制程序,这约束所述材料以形成预型件。这种系统就机器来说是经济的(没有注射系统,弱的机械应力)。就预型件质量来说是性能好的(没有注射点),但是将精确量的热材料施用到模具中难以实现。
[12]注射压制:借助于计量器,精确量的热材料被注射到模具中,而模具的可移动凸模向后移动,以便于将材料输送到模具中,注射结束,凸模进行压制程序,以形成预型件。注射压力保持小于500巴,机械应力较小。
发明内容
[13]本发明的目的在于改善预型件的生产,用以生产连续进行,并更好地适应于吹制机的节奏,尤其是旋转节奏。另一方面,在“两步骤”方法中,同样可以使用本发明,根据本发明的预型件生产更快。
[14]在权利要求1中定义了本发明的方法。
[15]注射计量器呈相对于缸体可移动的活塞的形式,并且构成喷射器,所述喷射器能够容纳、然后注射熔融的材料。计量轮(roue de dosage)连续地转动,并且确保在一整转圈上填充每个注射计量器,所述计量轮装配有与固定的挤出机在一起的转动接头。注射计量器靠计量轮达到排空,并且用根据预型件的重量计算出的材料量再次填充注射计量器。通过在填充期间供给注射计量器的管道,计量轮确保熔融的材料的径向分布。在注射计量器的填充期间,阀式分配器是打开的,并且让材料朝向注射计量器行进。在所述填充阶段期间,注射计量器的活塞被作动器预加应力,以在注射计量器的填充期间,确保背压的压力。一到达计量点,即完成注射计量器的活塞的行程——所述活塞的行程对应于所希望的材料量,阀式分配器被重新关闭,然后在经计算的行程上,作动器拉动(tire)阀式分配器,以确保在注射计量器的内部减压所述材料。
[16]一注射-压制模块支持一具有一模腔的预型件模具。每个注射-压制模块在注射-压制轮的一转圈期间,根据以下顺序执行一个循环以制造一预型件:关闭模具然后随着模具的凸模向后移动,在模具中注射熔融的材料;然后通过凸模压制材料;然后在计算的时间期间冷却材料;然后打开模具;然后弹出预型件。注射-压制模块的模具在其与凸模相背对的端部上配设有注射口(用于熔融的材料进入的孔)。构成计量器的“喷射器”的端部被设置成面对着注射口,并且在计量器的活塞的推动之下,所述材料再进入到模具中。在行程结束时,活塞保持就位,并且封闭注射口,直到被注射的材料凝固并且预型件被取出(retrait)为止。在现有技术中,穿过注射口的填料穿过环路,在环路中,熔融的材料被推动,并且当剂量被注射到注射-压制模块的模具中时,阀门应该关闭用以直到固体材料凝固。具有熔融的材料的环路和阀门的管理是复杂的。使用计量器的本发明的方法解决了这个问题,所述计量器保持就位直到取出预型件。
[17]在注射-压制轮的一转圈期间,每个注射-压制模块进行以上所述的注射-压制循环以制造预型件,由装载部件收取预型件,并且每个注射计量器在计量轮上通过以重新填充。
[18]这种方法的优点是高速地连续生产预型件,这能够朝下游供给同样以高速度工作的旋转的吹制机,以形成包装物。离开用于生产预型件的机器的预型件处于大约60℃的温度下,并且只需加热预型件,就可以将预型件置于大于100℃的吹制温度下,这可以更快地且节约能量地进行。
[19]根据一变型,在模具中的注射-压制循环之后,预型件在冷却模具中被转化并被冷却,所述冷却模具位于预型件的冷却轮上。
[20]如果不希望连续地供给吹制设备以制造包装物,那么这是有效的。
[21]根据另一变型,所述装载的预型件直接朝向吹制设备运送,用以形成包装物。
[22]优选的变型允许从预型件的生产中高速地获取利润,并且节约在吹制之前的预型件的加热能量。
[23]本发明还涉及用于实施根据权利要求4所述的方法的设备。
[24]根据一变型,所述设备的特征在于,第三轮,即预型件的冷却轮,配有预型件的冷却模具,所述第三轮位于同步转动的注射-压制轮的垂向上。
[25]如果预型件在朝向吹制机移动之前必需储存,则所述冷却是必需的。
附图说明
[26]参考附图将更详细地描述本发明。
[27]图1是本发明的设备的立体示意图。
[28]图2是按由所述轮的旋转轴线通过的平面剖切的计量轮的剖面图。
[29]图3是图2的细部的放大图。
[30]图4是示出某些细部的设备的局部的立体图。
[31]图5是注射-压制装置的立体图。
[32]图6是组装的计量器和注射-压制模块的剖面图。
具体实施方式
[33]在图1中,示意性地示出用于实施本发明的方法的设备的主要元件。料斗和干燥器将PET颗粒供给到挤出机2。挤出机依次供给计量轮3,计量器(未示出)位于计量轮3上。支撑注射-压制模块5的注射-压制轮4紧接着计量轮3地安置。如果所述设备不被设置用于连续地供给吹制机以将预型件加工成包装物,那么预型件的冷却被设计成通过预型件的冷却轮6进行,冷却轮6配设有一组装置61,所述装置61在预型件被装载以储存之前将空气吹送到预型件上。
[34]计量轮3配设有座腔36,计量器7坐置在座腔36中。每个计量器7包括管状部件71,活塞72在管状部件71中密封地移动。管状部件71止于孔口(orifice)73处,穿过孔口73,被挤出的材料被推入计量器7中,然后,被挤出的材料将离开以供给到注射-压制装置中。座腔36与封闭件31、32相连通(图2、3)。所述封闭件包括基座32和活塞31。每个基座32通过径向开口与计量轮3的径向管道34相通,并且每个基座32也设有一孔口,所述孔口面对计量器7的孔口73。全部径向管道34由轮3的一轴向管道33来供给所述被挤出的材料,轮3的轴向管道33本身由挤出机2供给被挤出材料。当计量器7安置在座腔36中时,活塞31向后移动以空出通道,并且让所述被挤出的材料穿过进入到计量器中。处于压力下的被挤出的材料的进入使得活塞72向后移动。当预定的材料量位于计量器中时,活塞31重新下降并封闭朝向计量器的通道。活塞72在填充期间经受背压,并且在填充之后向后移动,以减压所述被挤出的材料。位于计量器中的材料量是多个参数的函数,所述参数例如是供给压力、孔口73的直径、封闭件31、32保持打开的时间等等。多个计量器安置在计量轮3上。每个计量器应该在计量轮3的大约三分之二转圈上填充满。然后,计量器在注射-压制轮4上传输,并且被来自所述注射-压制轮4的空的计量器替代。在轮3和4之间计量器7的交换将借助于图4进行描述。
[35]在图4中,示出:所述计量轮3,其具有安装在垂直支承件上的计量器7;两个传输轮8和9,其安置在垂直支承件上;以及所述注射-压制轮4,其具有注射-压制装置5,注射-压制装置5均匀地分布在注射-压制轮4的周边上。轮8配设有具有夹持装置82的径向臂81。每个臂81抓取轮3的填满的计量器7,并且将所述填满的计量器7携带到轮4的注射-压制装置5中。轮9也设有与径向臂81、82等同的径向臂91、92,以抓取轮4的空的计量器7,并且将空的计量器7携带到轮3上用于重新填充。四个轮3、4、8和9按相同的方向转动。夹持装置82、92可以是由适宜于每个轮8、9的凸轮操纵的夹钳(pince),或者是其它等同装置,用于在适当的时候抓取满的或空的计量器,并且将计量器放在轮4或3上。
[36]每个注射-压制装置5通过径向支承件51被固定在轮4上。注射-压制装置5的下部包括作动器52。在活塞51之上夹持部件53确保计量器7的稳定性(tenue)。在弹簧54的作用下,计量器7被安放在模子或模具55的下部。在作动器52的作用下,计量器7的活塞72将材料注射到模具55中。计量器7的活塞72(图6)配设有凸头721,当全部所述被挤出的材料进入到模具55中时,凸头721插入到计量器的孔口73中,并且关闭模具55的注射口551。与可移动构件57连接的凸模56进到模具55中,以形成预型件。预型件的具有螺纹(pas de vis)的上部(用以制造用于形成瓶具的预型件)在凸模56的上部中形成。凸模56的上部由两个互补的颊板(
Figure A200780013498D0009152206QIETU
)58、59形成。当预型件形成时,装置57向后移动,颊板58、59分开,而预型件由恰当的部件收取,要么用以连续地供给吹制机,要么用以被储存。
[37]在计量轮3上,在轮3的一转圈的大约75%期间——这有足够的时间,空的计量器应该填满。在注射-压制轮4上,计量器的交换大约在轮4的一整转圈的15%上完成,注射大约在轮4的一整转圈的25%上完成,压制和凝固预型件大约在轮4的一整转圈的40%上完成,打开、弹出和关闭模具大约在轮4的一整转圈的25%上完成。在实施中,计量轮3包括24个计量器,而注射-压制轮4包括48个装置5。
[38]所述的设备允许高的连续节奏。如前所述,预型件要么在轮4的出口继续被送到吹制设备上从而允许节约加热的能量,要么被储存用以以后被吹制。

Claims (5)

1.连续的生产方法,其通过注射-压制的方式连续生产预型件,所述预型件用于制造包装物例如瓶具,所述包装物为合成材料,所述连续的生产方法包括以下步骤:
a)在挤出机中转化初级材料,并且获得在最佳的温度下的被挤出的材料,
b)用预定量的所述被挤出的材料连续地填充注射计量器,所述注射计量器包括柱状主体,所述柱状主体配设有孔口和活塞,所述注射计量器位于连续转动的计量轮的周边上,
c)满的注射计量器相继行进到注射-压制轮上,所述注射-压制轮连续转动并且在其周边上配设有多个注射-压制模块,
d)在注射-压制轮的一转圈期间,由每个注射-压制模块制造一预型件,由装载部件收取预型件,并且让各个注射计量器行进到计量轮上,以重新填充,
其特征在于:
-每个预型件在注射-压制轮上的制造通过以下步骤实现:
在注射-压制模块中注射所述被挤出的材料;
移动注射计量器的活塞,穿过所述模块的模具的注射口——其位于所述注射计量器的孔口的接续处,直到注射计量器的所述活塞的端部封闭注射口,并且然后同时向前移动注射-压制模块的凸模,在注射所述被挤出材料期间,注射-压制模块的凸模在模块中已向后移动,从而通过压制形成预型件,以及
-所述注射计量器的活塞保持在注射口的封闭位置,直到预型件凝固。
2.按照权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在模具中压制之后,所述预型件在冷却模具中冷却,所述冷却模具位于预型件的冷却轮上。
3.按照权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述装载的预型件直接朝向吹制设备运送,以形成包装物。
4.用于实施按照权利要求1所述的方法的设备,其特征在于,所述设备包括:
一挤出机,其布置用于将初级材料转化成处于最佳温度下的被挤出的材料;
一连续转动的计量轮,其位于挤出机的出口处,并且在其周边上支撑注射计量器,所述注射计量器包括柱状主体,所述柱状主体配设有孔口和活塞;
一连续转动的注射-压制轮,其与所述计量轮并排安置,并且在其周边上配设有多个注射-压制模块、和保持部件,所述保持部件用于保持注射计量器,以便它们的孔口处于所述注射-压制模块的注射口的接续处,
运送部件,其用于将所述充满被挤出的材料的注射计量器从所述计量轮逐个运送到所述注射-压制轮;以及
将空的计量器从所述注射-压制轮逐个运送到所述计量轮的部件、和装载预型件的部件。
5.按照权利要求4所述的设备,其特征在于,预型件的冷却轮配设有预型件的冷却模具,所述冷却轮位于同步转动的注射-压制轮的垂向上。
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