CN101417653A - 一种混合动力汽车的启动控制方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明的目的是提出一种适合于驱动电机与发动机同轴并联式的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,本发明的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法在不同的情况下采取不同的启动方式,在条件允许的情况下优先利用驱动电机来带动发动机启动,具有启动时间短、启动转速高、启动过程平稳及污染物排放少的优点,还能避免对电池、驱动电机等造成损害,能提高启动的性能,达到整车性能的最优化。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于混合动力汽车控制领域,特别涉及到混合动力汽车的启动控制。
背景技术
为应对能源危机和环境恶化,节能、环保的混合动力汽车日益受到重视。跟传统汽车相比较,混合动力车需要整车控制器(简称HCU),驱动电机以及能量存储包(通常是高压电池)。其中整车控制器负责对驾驶员意图及整车状态进行判定,当有驾驶员加速请求时,HCU进行动力请求解释,然后进行动力分配,分别向发动机和驱动电机请求动力;当驾驶员有减速请求时,HCU控制驱动电机进入再生制动状态,进行制动能量的回收;当驾驶员有怠速停机的请求时,HCU控制发动机进入怠速停机模式。同样,当驾驶员有启动发动机的请求时,HCU会进入启动模式,与传统汽车相同,目前的混合动力汽车启动发动机是由安装在发动机飞轮侧的启动电机完成的,启动时间较长、启动转速较低、启动过程不够平稳,同时也会增加燃油的消耗和污染物的排放,在舒适性、驾驶性、经济性和环保方面均有不足。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,以缩短启动时间、提高发动机启动转速、减少整车的排放以及提高整车的NVH性能。
本发明的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,关键在于包含下述步骤:A:HCU根据钥匙信号判断驾驶员是否有启动发动机的意图,当钥匙被扭至启动档时,HCU认为接收到启动请求;B:当接收到启动请求后,HCU检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态,并依此判断确定整车的状态是否满足使用驱动电机启动的条件;C:当整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU利用驱动电机启动发动机;D:当整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件或者在利用驱动电机启动发动机失败时,HCU利用启动电机来启动发动机;E:发动机启动成功后,HCU取消启动电机及驱动电机的启动请求。
本发明的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法适合于驱动电机与发动机同轴并联式的混合动力汽车。所述驱动电机将发电及驱动功能集成在一起,即ISG电机。因为驱动电机的功率比较大,所以利用驱动电机来带动发动机启动具有启动时间短、启动转速高、启动过程平稳及污染物排放少的优点,但是利用驱动电机启动需要具备一定的条件,如电池状态是否允许等。如果在不具备条件的情况下强行利用驱动电机启动,不仅不能启动发动机,还可能对电池、驱动电机等造成损害,本发明的启动控制方法在条件允许的情况下优先利用驱动电机来带动发动机启动,在充分利用驱动电机启动的优点的同时,还能避免对电池、驱动电机等造成损害。
当接收到启动请求后,HCU检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态,只有当发动机温度大于设定的阈值(T1),且高压电池的温度处于设定的阈值(T2)和阈值(T3)之间,且高压电池的SOC值大于设定的阈值(C1),且逆变器的温度小于设定的阈值(T4),且驱动电机的温度小于设定的阈值(T5)时,HCU才判定整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件。发动机温度过低时会导致缸体中的机油流动不畅,对发动机各部件的润滑不够,使得发动机各部件之间的摩擦力过大,此时直接利用高转速的驱动电机带动发动机起动会损坏电驱动系统;高压电池只有在一定的温度范围内才会正常工作,因此必须要设定阈值(T2)和阈值(T3);高压电池的SOC值(即电池的剩余电量)过低时,如果利用驱动电机启动,会因高压电池的电流较大而损坏电池;逆变器、驱动电机温度过高会严重影响其性能并可能损坏元器件。上述的各项阈值均为根据实际部件的情况在出厂前预先设置的,各车型可以有不同的设置。
HCU在利用驱动电机启动发动机的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超过设定的阀值并且发动机未启动成功时,HCU才判定利用驱动电机启动发动机失败;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而发动机未启动成功时,HCU在继续计时的同时重新尝试利用驱动电机启动发动机。
HCU在开始检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超出设定的阀值并且整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU才取消驱动电机的启动请求;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU在继续计时的同时重新检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态。
上述计时措施可以尽量多的增加利用驱动电机来带动发动机启动的机会,同时也不会无限制地尝试利用驱动电机启动发动机,延误启动。
当整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU首先取消启动电机的启动请求,然后在向电机控制器和发动机控制器发出允许启动命令的同时开始计时,利用驱动电机启动发动机。
当整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件或者在利用驱动电机启动发动机失败时,HCU取消驱动电机的启动请求,同时发出允许启动电机启动的命令,利用启动电机来启动发动机。
HCU在允许一个电机启动之前,首先取消另一个电机的启动请求,这样可以避免驱动电机和启动电机同时对发动机进行启动,对发动机或者电机造成损害。
当发动机启动成功后,HCU设定一个标志发动机启动成功的启动标志位。这样只要HCU检测到启动标志位,既可确认发动机已经启动成功可以避免对发动机重复启动,造成发动机的损害。当接收到启动请求后,HCU首先检测启动标志位,若检测到启动标志位,则表示当前发动机已经启动成功,HCU取消所收到的启动请求。
本发明的针对同时配备启动电机和驱动电机的混合动力车的启动控制方法,在不同的情况下采取不同的启动方式,在满足起动需求的同时,能提高启动的性能,达到整车性能的最优化。
附图说明
图1是混合动力汽车的系统结构图。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例和附图详细说明本发明的启动控制方法。
实施例1:
图1为应用本发明的启动控制方法的驱动电机与发动机同轴并联式的混合动力汽车的系统结构图。如图1所示,发动机1与驱动电机(即ISG电机)2采用同轴并联的方式,发动机1与驱动电机2通过离合器3及变速器4将动力传输至驱动轮5。逆变器9在利用驱动电机2驱动时将来自高压电池15的电流转化成三相电流驱动ISG电机2。当驱动电机2处于发电或者再生制动状态时,逆变器9可将三相电流整流成两相电流传输至高压电池15储存。发动机控制器6负责控制对发动机进行控制,比如启动发动机时的喷油、点火控制。整车控制器(即HCU)7可根据整车状态通过逆变器9驱动驱动电机2处于发电或驱动状态,HCU7通过对继电器12以及电机控制器8的控制可以选择利用驱动电机2还是启动电机13来启动发动机1。HCU7对启动电机13的控制是通过继电器12来完成的,当HCU7发出吸合命令时,继电器12吸合,启动电机13启动,低压电池11为启动电机13提供动力。电池控制器14为高压电池管理系统,可以控制高压电池15的通断。电池控制器14、HCU7、发动机控制器6通过CAN总线进行连接和通信。10为钥匙的档位,有OFF,ACC,ON和CRANK四个档位,其具体含义跟传统车一致,当驾驶员把钥匙打到CRANK位置时,HCU认为有驾驶员有启动汽车的意图。
下面是启动过程的详细介绍:
HCU7根据钥匙信号判断驾驶员是否有启动发动机的意图,当钥匙被扭至启动档时,HCU7认为接收到启动请求;
当接收到启动请求后,HCU7首先检测启动标志位,若检测到启动标志位,则表示当前发动机已经启动成功,HCU7取消所收到的启动请求。若没有检测到启动标志位,则HCU7检测驱动电机2、高压电池15、逆变器9及发动机1的状态,只有当发动机1的温度大于设定的阈值-35℃,且高压电池15的温度处于设定的阈值-25℃和阈值50℃之间,且高压电池15的SOC值大于设定的阈值30%,且逆变器9的温度小于设定的阈值95℃,且驱动电机2的温度小于设定的阈值95℃时,HCU才判定整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件;
HCU7在开始检测驱动电机2、高压电池15、逆变器9及发动机1的状态的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超出设定的阀值并且整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机2启动的条件时,HCU7才取消驱动电机2的启动请求;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机2启动的条件时,HCU7在继续计时的同时重新检测驱动电机2、高压电池15、逆变器9及发动机1的状态;
若整车的状态满足使用驱动电机2启动的条件,HCU首先取消启动电机13的启动请求,然后向电机控制器8和发动机控制器6发出允许启动命令,利用驱动电机2启动发动机1,HCU7在利用驱动电机2启动发动机1的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超过设定的阀值并且发动机1未启动成功时,HCU7才判定利用驱动电机2启动发动机失败;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而发动机1未启动成功时,HCU在继续计时的同时重新尝试利用驱动电机2启动发动机1;
若整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机2启动的条件或者在利用驱动电机2启动发动机失败,HCU7取消驱动电机2的启动请求,同时发出允许启动电机13启动的命令,吸合继电器12,利用启动电机13来启动发动机1;
发动机1启动成功后,HCU7取消启动电机13及驱动电机2的启动请求,并设定一个标志发动机启动成功的启动标志位,如果是利用启动电机13启动的,还要断开继电器12。
Claims (8)
1、一种混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于包含下述步骤:
A:HCU根据钥匙信号判断驾驶员是否有启动发动机的意图,当钥匙被扭至启动档时,HCU认为接收到启动请求;
B:当接收到启动请求后,HCU检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态,并依此判断确定整车的状态是否满足使用驱动电机启动的条件;
C:当整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU利用驱动电机启动发动机;
D:当整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件或者在利用驱动电机启动发动机失败时,HCU利用启动电机来启动发动机;
E:发动机启动成功后,HCU取消启动电机及驱动电机的启动请求。
2、根据权利要求1所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于当接收到启动请求后,HCU检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态,只有当发动机温度大于设定的阈值(T1),且高压电池的温度处于设定的阈值(T2)和阈值(T3)之间,且高压电池的SOC值大于设定的阈值(C1),且逆变器的温度小于设定的阈值(T4),且驱动电机的温度小于设定的阈值(T5)时,HCU才判定整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件。
3、根据权利要求1或2所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于HCU在利用驱动电机启动发动机的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超过设定的阀值并且发动机未启动成功时,HCU才判定利用驱动电机启动发动机失败;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而发动机未启动成功时,HCU在继续计时的同时重新尝试利用驱动电机启动发动机。
4、根据权利要求3所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于HCU在开始检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态的同时开始计时,只有当计时时间超出设定的阀值并且整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU才取消驱动电机的启动请求;当计时时间在设定的阀值范围内而整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU在继续计时的同时重新检测驱动电机、高压电池、逆变器及发动机的状态。
5、根据权利要求4所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于当整车的状态满足使用驱动电机启动的条件时,HCU首先取消启动电机的启动请求,然后在向电机控制器和发动机控制器发出允许启动命令的同时开始计时,利用驱动电机启动发动机。
6、根据权利要求5所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于当整车的状态不能满足使用驱动电机启动的条件或者在利用驱动电机启动发动机失败时,HCU取消驱动电机的启动请求,同时发出允许启动电机启动的命令,利用启动电机来启动发动机。
7、根据权利要求6所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于当发动机启动成功后,HCU设定一个标志发动机启动成功的启动标志位。
8、根据权利要求7所述的混合动力汽车的启动控制方法,其特征在于当接收到启动请求后,HCU首先检测启动标志位,若检测到启动标志位,则表示当前发动机已经启动成功,HCU取消所收到的启动请求。
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