CN108162952B - 一种新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法 - Google Patents

一种新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法 Download PDF

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CN108162952B
CN108162952B CN201611107536.9A CN201611107536A CN108162952B CN 108162952 B CN108162952 B CN 108162952B CN 201611107536 A CN201611107536 A CN 201611107536A CN 108162952 B CN108162952 B CN 108162952B
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power battery
battery
motor
vehicle
engine
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CN108162952A (zh
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钟凤辉
刘仲阳
安宇
邢华沛
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Hainan Haima Automobile Co.,Ltd.
Haima Motor Corp
Haima New Energy Vehicle Co Ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/20—Control strategies involving selection of hybrid configuration, e.g. selection between series or parallel configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/36—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the transmission gearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Abstract

本发明提供一种新型四驱混合动力系统，包括发动机、自动变速器、第一电机、电池、第一动力电池、第二动力电池、第二电机以及减速器；其中发动机，通过自动变速器与车辆前驱动轴相连以驱动车辆前轮；发动机与第一电机相连，第一电机与第一动力电池相连；第一动力电池与第二动力电池相连，第二动力电池与第二电机相连，电池与第一动力电池相连，电池用于满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求；第二电机通过减速器与车辆后驱动轴相连，以驱动车辆后轮。另一方面本发明还提供一种新型四驱混合动力驱动方法。本发明既可以实现四驱功能，又可以使前后动力总成按需输出扭矩，使车辆获得最优的动力组合，显著提升车辆的动力性，同时经济性优，节能环保。

Description

一种新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法
技术领域
本申请涉及汽车动力系统领域，具体涉及一种新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法。
背景技术
汽车作为代步工具已经得到了广泛应用，为了应对节能环保的要求，新能源汽车成为车辆行业发展的主要方向。在新能源汽车的驱动系统里，混合动力系统因为其兼有电动车的低排放优点和内燃机车的高比能量优点而广受关注。
现有技术中的混合动力系统，根据电机所在位置的不同，主要分为P0、P1、P2、P3、P4、PS(行星排方案)系统。其中P0系统是指电机安装在发动机前段，这类型的混动叫P0架构，以皮带的方式与发动机相连，又称之为BSG；P1是指电机安装在发动机后端与发动机刚性相连，又称之为ISG；P2是指电机安装在变速器与发动机中间的离合器之后；P3是指电机安装在变速器输出轴；P4是指电机安装在后桥上。
现有技术中，常见的混合动力系统是P0、P1、P2、P3、P4、PS(行星排方案)系统及其组合，单一的上述混动方案较难同时兼顾动力性和节能减排两个目的，而不同方案间的组合集成度高、要求机舱轴向尺寸较大，因此布置受限；如果不考虑布置受限的问题，也会存在制造工艺要求高、控制实现困难，成本优势较差和平台扩展性较差。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中存在的较难同时兼顾动力性和节能减排两个目的，不同方案间的组合集成度高、要求机舱轴向尺寸较大，因此布置受限；制造工艺要求高、控制实现困难，成本优势较差和平台扩展性较差等问题，本发明提供一种新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法。
首先，本发明提供一种新型四驱混合动力系统，包括发动机、自动变速器、BSG电机、电池、第一动力电池、第二动力电池、电机以及减速器；
其中发动机，通过自动变速器与车辆前驱动轴相连以驱动车辆前轮；
发动机与第一电机相连，第一电机与第一动力电池相连；
第一动力电池与第二动力电池相连，第二动力电池与第二电机相连；电池与第一动力电池相连，电池用于满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求；
第二电机通过减速器与车辆后驱动轴相连，以驱动车辆后轮。
在一个实施例中，第一动力电池通过第一DC/DC转换器与电池相连，第一动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器与第二动力电池相连。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括第一电池管理系统和第二电池管理系统；第一电池管理系统与第一动力电池相连，对第一动力电池进行管理；第二电池管理系统与第二动力电池相连，对第二动力电池进行管理。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括自动变速器控制器、发动机控制器和电机控制器，自动变速器控制器与自动变速器相连，用于对自动变速器进行控制和管理；发动机控制器分别与发动机和第一电机相连，用于对发动机和第一电机进行控制和管理；电机控制器与第二电机相连，用于对第二电机进行控制和管理。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括整车控制器，整车控制器分别与发动机控制器和电机控制器相连，整车控制器用于对整车控进行控制。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，其中的第一电机为BSG电机或ISG电机。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，其中的减速器为带离合装置的单级减速器、带离合装置的两级减速器、不带离合装置的单级减速器或不带离合装置的两级减速器。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，其中的电池为12V电池，第一动力电池为48V电池、第二动力电池为350V电池。
根据本发明的另一方面，本发明还提供一种新型四驱混合动力驱动方法，该方法适用于以上所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，新型四驱混合动力驱动方法包括：
当汽车启动及处于低速运行状态且第二动力电池的电容量未达到其最低限值时，第二动力电池供电给第二电机，第二电机通过减速器驱动车辆后轮，从而进入纯电动模式；
当车辆的转速达到发动机设定的介入转速，且第二动力电池的电容量未达到其最低限值时，第一电机启动发动机，此时发动机和第二电机分别驱动车辆的前轮和后轮，从而进入混合驱动模式；
当车辆转速达到第二电机设定的脱离驱动转速或第二动力电池的电容量低于设定的最低限值时，减速器中的离合装置处于分离状态，此时第二电机不参与驱动车辆后轮的工作，车辆进入纯发动机驱动模式。
在一个实施例中，新型四驱混合动力驱动方法，还包括以下能量管理方法：
当电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池通过第一DC/DC转换器给电池充电，以满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求；
当第一动力电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，发动机带动第一电机发电，并给第一动力电池充电，或第一电机接受发动机的回馈能量给第一动力电池充电，又或者第二动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器给第一动力电池充电；
当第二动力电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器给第二动力电池充电，或第二电机接受回馈能量给第二动力电池充电。
本发明所提供的所述的新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法，相对于现有技术具有以下优点：
(1)本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法，既可以实现四驱功能，又可以使前后动力总成按需输出扭矩，使车辆获得最优的动力组合，显著提升车辆的动力性。
(2)本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法，车辆在纯电动模式时，发动机不工作，燃油无消耗；混动模式时，由于驱动电机提供了一部分扭矩驱动车辆，使得发动机可以在最佳工作区间(高效区)工作，显著降低燃油消耗量。
(3)本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法，通过整车控制器HCU将前后两个动力总成协调统一，根据整车需求，分配两个动力总成输出的扭矩，从而保证了驾驶性及舒适性。
(4)本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统及其驱动方法，纯电动模式时，无污染物排放；混动模式时，由于发动机始终工作在高效区，燃油消耗量减少，同时燃烧更加充分，污染物的排放大大减少，因此节能减排效果更加明显。
附图说明
在下文中将基于实施例并参考附图来对本发明进行更详细的描述。其中：
图1是本发明中实施例的新型混合动力系统结构图。
在附图中，相同的部件使用相同的附图标记。附图并未按照实际的比例。
具体实施方式
以下将结合附图及实施例来详细说明本发明的实施方式，借此对本发明如何应用技术手段来解决技术问题，并达成技术效果的实现过程能充分理解并据以实施。需要说明的是，只要不构成冲突，本发明中的各个实施例以及各实施例中的各个特征可以相互结合，所形成的技术方案均在本发明的保护范围之内。
如图1所示，为本实施例中的一种新型四驱混合动力系统，包括发动机1、自动变速器2、第一电机3、第一动力电池4、第二动力电池5、第二电机6以及减速器7；
其中发动机1，通过自动变速器2与车辆前驱动轴相连以驱动车辆前轮100；发动机1与第一电机3相连，第一电机3与第一动力电池4相连；第一动力电池4与第二动力电池5相连，第二动力电池5与电机6相连；电机6通过减速器7与车辆后驱动轴相连，以驱动车辆后轮200。
在本实施例中，其中减速器7为带离合装置的两级减速器，在一些实施例中，减速器7还可以为带离合装置的单级减速器、不带离合装置的单级减速器或不带离合装置的两级减速器。
本实施例中，第一电机3为BSG电机(BSG为Belt driven Starter/Generator的简写，是指皮带传送启动/发电一体化电机)，在一些实施例中第一电机3还可以为ISG电机(ISG为Integrated Starter/Generator的简写，是指集成启动/发电一体化电机)。
本实施例中，新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括电池8，电池8与第一动力电池4相连，电池8用于满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求。
在本实施例中，第一动力电池4通过第一DC/DC转换器9与电池8相连，第一动力电池4通过第二DC/DC转换器10与第二动力电池5相连。
本实施例中的新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括第一电池管理系统11即BMS1(battery management system 1)和第二电池管理系统12即BMS2(battery managementsystem 2)；第一电池管理系统11(BMS1)与所述第一动力电池4相连，对第一动力电池4进行管理；第二电池管理系统12(BMS2)与第二动力电池5相连，对第二动力电池5进行管理。
本发明中的第一动力电池、第二动力电池和电池均为可充电电池，在特定情况下进行放电；车辆运动中产生的能量可以对第一动力电池和第二动力电池进行充电，从而实现对于能量进行回收。
本实施例中的新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括自动变速器控制器13(Transmission Control Unit，简称TCU)、发动机控制器14(Engine Control Unit，简称ECU)和电机控制器15，自动变速器控制器13(TCU)与自动变速器2相连，用于对自动变速器2进行控制和管理；发动机控制器14(ECU)分别与发动机1和第一电机3相连，用于对发动机1和第一电机3进行控制和管理；电机控制器15与第二电机6相连，用于对第二电机6进行控制和管理。
本实施例中的新型四驱混合动力系统，还包括整车控制器16(Hybrid VehicleControl Unit，简称HCU)，整车控制器16(HCU)分别与发动机控制器14(ECU)和电机控制器15相连，整车控制器16(HCU)用于对整车控进行控制。
在本实施例中，优选的电池8为12V电池，第一动力电池4为48V电池，第二动力电池5为350V电池；其中：电池8用于满足车辆12V电压平台用电器的需求；第二动力电池5用于给第二电机6供电，从而实现汽车的电动驱动模式；第一动力电池4可以为电池8和第二动力电池5进行充电。
如图1所示，其中虚线可认为是能量的传递路径。
本实施例中的新型四驱混合动力系统的具体的能管理方式如下：
当电池8(12V)的电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池4通过第一DC/DC转换器9(DCDC1)给电池8(12V)充电，以满足车辆12V电压平台用电器的需求。
当第一动力电池4电容量达到设定最低限值时，发动机1带动第一电机3发电给第一动力电池4充电，或第一电机3接受发动机1的回馈能量给第一动力电池4充电，又或者第二动力电池5通过第二DC/DC转换器10(DCDC2)给第一动力电池4充电。
当动力电池2电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池4通过第二DC/DC转换器10(DCDC2)给第二动力电池5充电，或第二电机6接受回馈能量给第二动力电池5充电。
本实施例中的新型四驱混合动力驱动方法如下：
纯电动模式：当汽车启动及处于低速运行状态且第二动力电池5的电容量未达到最低限值时，第二动力电池5供电给第二电机6，第二电机6通过带离合装置的两级减速器7驱动车辆后轮200，从而进入纯电动模式；
混合驱动模式：当车辆的转速达到发动机设定的介入转速，且第二动力电池5的电容量未达到最低限值时，第一电机3启动发动机1，此时发动机1和第二电机6分别驱动车辆的前轮100和后轮200，从而进入混合驱动模式。
纯发动机驱动模式：当车辆转速达到电机设定的脱离驱动转速或第二动力电池5的电容量低于设定的最低限值时，减速器7中的离合装置处于分离状态，此时第二电机6不参与驱动车辆后轮200的工作，车辆进入纯发动机驱动模式。
本发明克服了众多的难题，其中较为显著的问题如下：
首先，本发明解决了三个电压平台的管理问题：本实施例中的系统有三个不同的电压平台(12V、48V、350V)，无论是能量管理还是不同电压间的转换控制，都十分复杂。该系统通过合理布置不同的DC(电池8、第一动力电池4和第二动力电池5)及精确控制回收能量等方法，完成了能量管理及不同电压间的转换控制，使得不同电压平台的电池间电量得以互补，满足整车行驶时对不同电压的需求。
其次，本发明解决了前后动力总成扭矩分配影响整车驾驶性问题：该系统巧妙使用了“大脑+小脑”的控制方案，在本实施例中，“大脑”是指整车控制器16(HCU)，“小脑”是指发动机控制器14(ECU)。其中HCU负责整车控制，对前后动力总成的输出扭矩进行分配，分配的过程中，对后动力总成的扭矩输出由其直接控制，对前动力总成的输出，其只发需求指令给ECU，再由ECU在发动机+48V系统内部协调以输出HCU所需求的扭矩。对该混动系统而言，这种控制方法的优势在于HCU不干预发动机+48V系统的内部控制。
相对于现有技术，本发明至少达到了以下技术效果：
(1)动力性更优：本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统，实现能量回收、智能启停及发动机启动助力等功能，同时还实现了车辆的后驱，前后动力总成的扭矩输出在发动机、电机以及动力电池的相互配合下完成，按照按最优的方式组合，因此，整车获得更优的动力性。
(2)整车驾驶性及舒适性更优：本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统，通过整车控制器HCU将前后两个动力总成协调统一，根据整车需求，分配两个动力总成输出的扭矩，从而保证了驾驶性及舒适性。
(3)经济性更优：本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统，使车辆在纯电动模式时，发动机不工作，燃油无消耗；混动模式时，由于驱动电机提供了一部分扭矩驱动车辆，使得发动机可以在最佳工作区间(高效区)工作，显著降低燃油消耗量。
(4)节能减排效果更加明显：本发明中的新型四驱混合动力系统，纯电动模式时，无污染物排放；混动模式时，由于发动机始终工作在高效区，燃油消耗量减少，同时燃烧更加充分，污染物的排放大大减少。
虽然已经参考优选实施例对本发明进行了描述，但在不脱离本发明的范围的情况下，可以对其进行各种改进并且可以用等效物替换其中的部件。尤其是，只要不存在结构冲突，各个实施例中所提到的各项技术特征均可以任意方式组合起来。本发明并不局限于文中公开的特定实施例，而是包括落入权利要求的范围内的所有技术方案。

Claims (7)

1.一种新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，包括发动机、自动变速器、第一电机、电池、第一动力电池、第二动力电池、第二电机以及减速器；
其中所述发动机，通过所述自动变速器与车辆前驱动轴相连以驱动车辆前轮；
所述发动机与所述第一电机相连，所述第一电机与所述第一动力电池相连；
所述第一动力电池与所述第二动力电池相连，所述第二动力电池与所述第二电机相连，所述电池与所述第一动力电池相连，所述电池用于满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求；
所述第二电机通过减速器与车辆后驱动轴相连，以驱动车辆后轮；
所述第一动力电池、所述第二动力电池和所述电池均为可充电电池；
所述第一动力电池通过第一DC/DC转换器与所述电池相连，所述第一动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器与所述第二动力电池相连；
所述第一动力电池的额定电压小于所述第二动力电池的额定电压；
当汽车启动及处于低速运行状态且第二动力电池的电容量未达到其最低限值时，第二动力电池供电给第二电机，第二电机通过减速器驱动车辆后轮，从而进入纯电动模式；
当车辆的转速达到发动机设定的介入转速，且第二动力电池的电容量未达到其最低限值时，第一电机启动发动机，此时发动机和第二电机分别驱动车辆的前轮和后轮，从而进入混合驱动模式；
当第二动力电池的电容量低于设定的最低限值时，减速器中的离合装置处于分离状态，此时第二电机不参与驱动车辆后轮的工作，车辆进入纯发动机驱动模式；
当电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池通过第一DC/DC转换器给电池充电，以满足车辆电压平台用电器的需求；
当第一动力电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，第二动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器给第一动力电池充电；
当第二动力电池电容量达到设定最低限值时，第一动力电池通过第二DC/DC转换器给第二动力电池充电。
2.根据权利要求1所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，还包括第一电池管理系统和第二电池管理系统；
所述第一电池管理系统与所述第一动力电池相连，对所述第一动力电池进行管理；
所述第二电池管理系统与所述第二动力电池相连，对所述第二动力电池进行管理。
3.根据权利要求2所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，还包括自动变速器控制器、发动机控制器和电机控制器，
所述自动变速器控制器与所述自动变速器相连，用于对所述自动变速器进行控制和管理；
所述发动机控制器分别与所述发动机和所述第一电机相连，用于对所述发动机和所述第一电机进行控制和管理；
所述电机控制器与所述第二电机相连，用于对第二电机进行控制和管理。
4.根据权利要求3所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，还包括整车控制器，所述整车控制器分别与所述发动机控制器和电机控制器相连，所述整车控制器用于对整车进行控制。
5.根据权利要求1-4任一所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述第一电机为BSG电机或ISG电机。
6.根据权利要求5所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述减速器为带离合装置的两级减速器或带离合装置的单级减速器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的新型四驱混合动力系统，其特征在于，所述电池为12V电池，所述第一动力电池为48V电池，所述第二动力电池为350V电池。
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