CN101415944A - Axial plunger pump or motor - Google Patents
Axial plunger pump or motor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101415944A CN101415944A CNA2007800090190A CN200780009019A CN101415944A CN 101415944 A CN101415944 A CN 101415944A CN A2007800090190 A CNA2007800090190 A CN A2007800090190A CN 200780009019 A CN200780009019 A CN 200780009019A CN 101415944 A CN101415944 A CN 101415944A
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- wobbler
- motor
- plunger
- main shaft
- plunger pump
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/128—Driving means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/122—Details or component parts, e.g. valves, sealings or lubrication means
- F04B1/124—Pistons
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/14—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having stationary cylinders
- F04B1/141—Details or component parts
- F04B1/146—Swash plates; Actuating elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2035—Cylinder barrels
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2042—Valves
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2064—Housings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2078—Swash plates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
- F04B1/2078—Swash plates
- F04B1/2085—Bearings for swash plates or driving axles
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
- Details Of Reciprocating Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
An axial plunger pump or motor includes a casing (1), a main shaft (2), a cylinder (14), a swash plate (9), some plunger assemblies (10). A constant velocity universal coupling (11) transfers torque between the main shaft and the rotating swash plate, and then the main shaft and the swash plate rotate around the axes of the main shaft or the swash plate respectively. The conversation between the hydraulic energy and the rotation mechanical energy is realized.
Description
Axial plunger pump or motor technologies field
The present invention relates to the hydraulic pump in a kind of hydraulic machinery or motor apparatus, particularly a kind of axial plunger pump or motor.
Background technology
In hydraulic machinery, hydraulic pump or motor are the hearts of hydraulic means.Theoretically, it can mutually switch between hydraulic pump and motor, only locally lie in difference some.Therefore the structure for setting motor of a discussion pump is essentially identical therewith in description of the invention.Plunger pump is easy to the features such as variable is adjusted with its efficient high-pressure and is increasingly widely applied in engineering machinery.
Plunger pump is just blunt to be divided into axial plunger pump and radial plunger pump according to the direction of ram travel, is divided into swash plate plunger pump and bent axis type axial piston pump according to the mechanism of motion conversion again in axial plunger pump, its architectural feature is respectively referred to shown in Fig. 1-Fig. 3.
Cam-type axial piston pump is a kind of high pressure, high speed, impact resistance and the high variable pump of integrated comparison, as shown in Figure 1 and Figure 2, power is rotated by main shaft by involute spline rotor driven, the crawler shoe of plunger assembly is pressed in the friction board plane of swash plate by the multiple plungers being evenly distributed on rotor by ball pivot, pressing plate, because swash plate plane has an inclination angle for rotation axis, therefore plunger body not only rotates together with rotor, it is simultaneously also reciprocating along the plunger hole of rotor, realize oil suction and the fuel feeding of plunger pump.Adjust the inclination angle size of swash plate plane, you can change the stroke of plunger, carry out variable regulation.Change swash plate tilt ' direction, can change again hydraulic oil flow direction or as during hydraulic motor rotor rotate direction.
' cam-type axial piston pump variable regulation it is easy, in that context it may be convenient to realize the switching between hydraulic oil direction, rotor rotation direction and pump and motor condition.Structure is relatively easy, small volume, cost are relatively low.But cam-type axial piston pump has three main fricting movements to pay：Rotor and oil distribution casing, plunger and plunger hole, plunger crawler shoe and swash plate.Wherein between plunger and plunger hole, because plunger crawler shoe normal force suffered on swash plate causes plunger to also have tangential force and torque while axial compressive force is born, the power and power
Square is balanced by rotor plunger hole to the pressure of plunger, and the sliding friction under the power and moment loading is by the reduction for being directed at mechanical efficiency and the abrasion of part.Therefore rotor is also needed central shaft support or additional bearing to balance by the effect of turning torque.Therefore, there are three problems in the pump：One is total relatively inefficient：The volumetric efficiency of oil pump is about 0. 92 ~ 0. 98, and mechanical efficiency is between 0. 90-0. 95, total efficiency<= 0. 95;Two be more sensitive to oil contamination, and the life-span of pump is shorter；Three be to allow rotating speed not high.
Though as shown in figure 3, bent axis type axial piston pump is quite similar to the operation principle of swash plate pump, there is larger difference in structure, in addition, both are also different in terms of stressing conditions.Inclined shaft pump instead of crawler shoe and swash plate in swash plate pump with the method for being hinged plunger ball, improve the intensity and impact resistance of structure.During pump work, because the angle between connecting rod axis and plunger axis is little, therefore the lateral pressure between plunger and casing wall is also just more much smaller than swash plate pump, so not only wearing and tearing smaller during work, and angle of inclination beta can also be increased to for 25-30 (swash plate pump is not more than 20), expand flow mobility scale.And inclined shaft pump driving shaft size is small or is not passed through oil distribution casing; Red body root diameters can be made accordingly to reduce, sew and thus reduce with friction loss, therefore the overall efficiency of inclined shaft pump is higher than swash plate pump, the 2-3% higher than swash plate pump under equal technological level.The oil absorbency of pump is also made moderate progress because of the reduction of oil cylinder peripheral speed, and the limit speed of pump can be improved accordingly.Inclined shaft pump oil strain required precision is low, generally 25 m, and swash plate pump is 10 ~ 15 m.
Due to above-mentioned advantage, application of the inclined shaft pump in hydraulic machinery is caused to increase increasingly.But this pump carrys out variable by tilting cylinder block, appearance and size is larger；Deflection between rotor and line shaft, makes outer formation turning type, is unfavorable for narrow space and has the place of meat axle matching requirements；Structure and technique are relatively complicated, and cost is also high.The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to, a kind of axial plunger pump or motor are provided, it can improve the efficiency of plunger pump or motor, simplify structure, reduce volume, cost is reduced, expands the application of plunger pump or motor, can particularly be used in the place such as vehicle transmission for having special mounting requirement.
The present invention above-mentioned purpose can adopt the following technical scheme that to realize, a kind of axial plunger pump or motor, it includes：
Housing；
Main shaft, its rotational support is on housing；
Rotor cylinder with multiple plunger holes, it is incorporated on main shaft, drives it to be rotated around main-shaft axis by main shaft, and the Zhuan Red bodies have with oily end face；
Oil distribution casing, it is engaged with rotor cylinder with oily end face；
Multiple plunger holes of wobbler, its end face and rotor cylinder are axially opposing to be set, and can be rotated around with main-shaft axis in the swash plate axis of angle；
Multiple plunger assemblies, its one end is articulated with the wobbler end face, and the other end is slidably arranged in the plunger hole of rotor cylinder；
Constant-speed universal coupling, it is arranged between wobbler and main shaft, and the constant-speed universal coupling transmits moment of torsion between main shaft and wobbler so that main shaft and wobbler are rotated rotating around the main-shaft axis and swash plate axis set in angle.
In the present invention, the constant-speed universal coupling can be Rzeppa constant velocity joint, half-angle Rzeppa constant velocity joint, ball-and-socket hinge style constant-speed universal coupling or Bendix-Weiss's Hooks coupling universal coupling.
Rzeppa constant velocity joint in the present invention includes the inner ring with outer alley, even number steel ball, retainer and the outer ring with interior alley, described steel ball is arranged on retainer and in interior alley and outer alley, described inner ring is incorporated on main shaft, described outer ring is incorporated on wobbler, so as to make main shaft and wobbler be rotated rotating around the main-shaft axis in angle and swash plate axis by Rzeppa constant velocity joint.
In the present invention, as a specific example, described outer ring can be integrally formed on wobbler.
In the present invention, as a kind of optional example, the wobbler can be supported on housing by swashplate bearing.
In the present invention, it is used as another optional example, described wobbler can be supported on a balance by swashplate bearing, and the balance is supported on housing by disc-swing bearing, and the pivot center of the disc-swing bearing is perpendicular to main-shaft axis and the center that passes through constant-speed universal coupling.
In the above example, the variable governor motion for adjusting the balance deflection angle can be connected with the balance, so as to which the change by the deflection angle of balance makes the swash plate axis and main-shaft axis variable angle for the wobbler being supported on, change the stroke of plunger assembly, carry out variable regulation.
As an optional example, the variable governor motion in the present invention can be variable oil cylinder, and the piston of the variable oil cylinder is connected on balance, so as to drive balance to deflect by the flexible of the piston.
It is used as another optional example, the variable governor motion is trunnion type stroking mechanism, its drive mechanism for including being connected to the gudgeon on balance and driving the gudgeon to rotate, the pivot center of the gudgeon is overlapped with balance pivot center, so as to drive balance to deflect by rotating gudgeon.
In the present invention, described rotor cylinder is taper, and its diameter for being close in one end of wobbler is more than the diameter of the other end.
In the above example, the also tapered distribution of multiple plunger holes on described rotor cylinder, wherein, circular diameter where being more than the plunger hole hole heart of the other end with circular diameter where the plunger hole hole heart of plunger assembly abutting end.
In the present invention, described plunger assembly can be specially ball-and-socket hinge style Zhu Sai Group parts, it includes the ball head connecting rod and plunger that two ends have bulb, ball-and-socket is provided with the end face of described wobbler, one end bulb of the ball head connecting rod is arranged in ball-and-socket to be connected with wobbler formation ball pivot, other end bulb is arranged in plunger to be connected with plunger formation ball pivot, the plunger is slideably positioned in plunger hole, the oilhole for being communicated in plunger hole is provided with the centre of the ball head connecting rod and plunger, so as to introduce the bulb at pressure oil lubrication two ends.
In the present invention, the multiple plunger assembly being hinged on wobbler is centrally located on same plane, and the center superposition of the intersection point and constant-speed universal coupling of the plane and main-shaft axis.
In the present invention, there is oil distribution casing in the backend arrangement of the rotor rainbow body, the rotor cylinder passes through stage clip and stage clip back-up ring axially position on main shaft, oilhole and radial direction oil are offered in the end of main shaft, so as to adjust the pressure between rotor cylinder and oil distribution casing by injecting pressure oil into radial direction oil.
In the present invention, as a kind of optional embodiment, the rotor cylinder can be sphere with oily end face, be confused oil distribution casing with being somebody's turn to do with oily end face formation mating spherical surfaces.
In the present invention, described swashplate bearing can be needle bearing and cylinder or taper roller thrust bearing
Combination bearing.The disc-swing bearing of the present invention can be crescent needle bearing.
Using the said structure of the present invention, the axial plunger pump or motor of the present invention, while main shaft rotor driven rainbow body is rotated, wobbler can be driven to be rotated around with main-shaft axis in the swash plate axis of angle by constant-speed universal coupling, so as to drive Zhu Sai Group parts reciprocating in the plunger hole of rotor cylinder, the volume change formed in cylinder body, and successively connected under the cooperation of the oil distribution casing in rotor cylinder rear end with oil inlet and outlet, the process of oil suction and force feed is realized, namely realizes the conversion between rotation mechanical energy and hydraulic energy.The wobbler that axle is rotated, so, so that it may drive balance to swing change wobbler inclination angle very easily to realize that variable is adjusted by stroking mechanism.
The axial plunger pump or motor of the present invention has the effect that compared with existing cam-type axial piston pump or motor and angle type axial piston pump or motor：
A) compared with variable swash plate pump：The crawler shoe and swash plate in swash plate pump are instead of due to the method for adding wobbler with ball pivot plunger assembly, so, corresponding to the main fastness of three couples of swash plate pump, very big change is there occurs：1. the sliding friction between plunger crawler shoe and swash plate is converted to rolling friction, friction and leakage are reduced；And form the bulb surface area of ball pivot connection and be more than same diameter crawler shoe disk area, the radial dimension of swash plate reduces；2. the friction pair between the plunger hole wall of plunger and rotor cylinder, because lateral pressure is more much smaller than swash plate pump, frictional force is reduced naturally, and oil strain required precision is also greatly lowered, and abrasion is reduced；3. the friction pair between rotor cylinder and oil distribution casing, because main shaft is not subject to bending moment, only plays a supportive role in rotor-end, size can reduce, so as to make the oil distribution port diameter of rotor cylinder accordingly reduce, hydraulic fluid port girth and relative motion linear velocity are reduced, and friction power loss and leakage are reduced.In addition, because the wobbler angle of inclination beta of pump can be increased to 25 ° -30.（Swash plate pump is not more than 20 °), flow mobility scale is expanded, the size of pump is reduced, the oil absorbency of pump also makes moderate progress because of the reduction of oil cylinder peripheral speed；Simultaneously, hydraulic thrust suffered by plunger is transferred directly on housing by the support of bulb, wobbler, bearing and balance, the moving components such as main shaft and rotor cylinder is not acted on by other additional forces or torque, improve the force structure of moving component, reduce friction and leak.The effect that above factors are brought is：
1) overall efficiency is higher than swash plate pump.
2) structural strength, impact resistance, resistance to oil stains, abrasion reduction, life-span raising are improved.
3) limit speed of the pump or motor is improved.
4) size of the pump or motor further reduces.
B) compared with variable inclined shaft pump, although synchronous constant-speed universal coupling is added in structure, bring certain loss in efficiency（Generally in 1-3%), but obtain four big incomes：
1) volume weight is reduced：The swing of rotor block is substituted by the deflection regulation of balance, radial dimension needed for same deflection angle is reduced；Because force way changes, line shaft originally is while moment of torsion is born also subject to very big Moment, it is necessary to have certain axial length to balance, therefore line shaft is longer；Also it is that the oil distribution casing, wobble-plate and variable governor motion of afterbody also takes larger space.New Variable plunger pump is under equivalent parameters, compared with conventional inclined shaft pump, and axial length and radial dimension reduce more than 1/3.
2) transmission of coaxial or axis is realized：It is suitable for the occasion that some space mounting sizes are limited, there is coaxial transmission or axis transmission requirement, such as many series connections of pumps, can cylinder or optimization mechanical system in some application environments.
3) regulation switches cylinder folk prescription just：The inclination angle for changing balance just adjusts flow output size, changes inclination direction and just changes direction of the traffic or realize the switching of pump and motor.And original bent axis type axial piston pump will then have very big stroke space and driving force to realize.
4) efficiency is further improved：Increased constant-speed universal coupling reduces a point efficiency, but because bending moment power is not acted on line shaft, end face bearing only plays the role of positioning, three heavy-duty bearings are needed to bear the radial load suffered by main shaft in original structure, axial force and moment of flexure, a heavy-duty bearing is simplified to now, and friction power loss reduces；New construction reduces a face that is slidably matched between oil distribution casing and speed disk than original rotor swing speed adjusting gear, and corresponding leakage is reduced, and volumetric efficiency is improved；So, total efficiency is still higher than general variance inclined shaft pump.Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of existing swash plate pump；
Fig. 2 is Fig. 1 A-A sectional views；
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of existing inclined shaft pump；
Fig. 4 is structure principle chart of the invention；
Fig. 5 is the main structure diagram of embodiments of the invention 1；
Fig. 6 is Fig. 5 A- A sectional views；
Fig. 7 is Fig. 6 B- B sectional views；
Fig. 8 is the main structure diagram of the embodiment of the present invention 2；
Fig. 9 is Rzeppa constant velocity joint assembling structure schematic diagram；
Figure 10 is Rzeppa constant velocity joint three-dimensional exploded view.
Main figure number explanation：
1- housings, 2- disc-swing bearings, 3- main shaft front support end rings, 4- main shafts, 5- main shaft seal end caps, 6- main shaft front support bearings, 7- balances, 8- combination bearings, 9- wobblers and Rzeppa constant velocity joint outer ring, the ball head connecting rod and plunger of 10-ball-and-socket hinge style Zhu Sai Group parts, 11-Rzeppa constant velocity joint steel ball and cage and inner ring, 12- Hooks coupling universal coupling inner ring back-up rings, 13- entry/exit hydraulic fluid ports, 14- turns in cylinder body, 15- oil distribution casings, 16- main shaft rear support bearings, 17- thrusts control oil duct, 18- rear end caps, 19- stage clips, 20- goes out/oil inlet, 21- stage clips shelves ring and back-up ring, 22 leakage oilholes, 23- return plates, 24- variable gudgeons, 25- variable gudgeon end covers, 26-variable gudgeon fixed seat, 27- Luo Pattern parts, 28- variable oil cylinders, 90- swash plate axis, 41- main-shaft axis, 111- inner rings, 112- steel balls, 113- retainers, 114- outer rings.Embodiment
Shown in Figure 4, axial plunger pump or motor of the invention mainly includes：Housing 1;Main shaft 4, its rotational support is on housing 1；Rotor cylinder 14 with multiple plunger holes, it is incorporated on main shaft 4, drives it to be rotated around main-shaft axis 41 by main shaft 4, and the rotor cylinder 14 has with oily end face；Oil distribution casing 15, it is engaged with rotor cylinder 14 with oily end face；Wobbler 9, the axially opposing setting of multiple plunger holes of its end face and rotor cylinder 14, and can be rotated around with main-shaft axis 41 in the swash plate axis 91 of angle；Multiple plunger assemblies 10, its one end is articulated with the end face of wobbler 9, and the other end is slided
It is dynamic to be arranged in the plunger hole of rotor rainbow body 14；Constant-speed universal coupling 11, it is arranged between wobbler 9 and main shaft 4, the constant-speed universal coupling 11 transmits moment of torsion between main shaft 4 and wobbler 9, and main shaft 4 and wobbler 9 are rotated rotating around the main-shaft axis 41 and swash plate axis 91 set in angle.So, when the present invention is used as axial plunger pump, drive shaft 4 is rotated around main-shaft axis 41, by constant-speed universal coupling 11 wobbler 9 can be driven to be rotated around with the main-shaft axis 41 in the swash plate axis 91 of angle, make the axially reciprocating in the plunger hole for rotating cylinder body 14 of plunger assembly 10, so as to form the volume change rotated in rainbow body 14, the process of oil suction and force feed is realized, namely realize the conversion between rotation mechanical energy and hydraulic energy.When the present invention is as axial piston motor, under the hydraulic oil effect in entering plunger hole, wobbler 9 is rotated around swash plate axis 91, main shaft 4 is driven to be rotated around main-shaft axis 41 by constant-speed universal coupling 11, and drive the rotor cylinder 14 combined with main shaft 4 to rotate simultaneously, plunger assembly 10 is set to be moved reciprocatingly in plunger hole, so that hydraulic energy to be switched to the rotation mechanical energy of main shaft.Due to the present invention axial plunger pump or motor is used as pump or as hydraulic motor in use, its basic structure is identical, situation about mainly being used in the present invention using it as pump is described in detail.
In the present invention, in a specific example, as shown in Fig. 4-7, housing 1 and rear end cap 18 are together by a threaded connection, and form the casing of a closing；Main shaft 9 is supported in casing by front and back bearings 6,16.Oil-feed tank on the oil distribution casing 15, go out oil groove and connected respectively with oil inlet and outlet 13,20.Main shaft 9 sequentially passes through oil distribution casing 15, rotor cylinder 14, stage clip 19, constant-speed universal coupling 11, wobbler 9, and is stretched out from casing one end by end cover 5.Wherein, rotor rainbow body 14 is circumferentially fixed on main shaft 4 by spline, and is pressed on by the stage clip 19 being enclosed on main shaft 4 on oil distribution casing 15, realizes the initial sealing between rotor cylinder 14 and oil distribution casing 15.Main shaft 4 is rotated, by spline band ' dynamic Zhuan Red bodies 14 rotate while, wobbler 9 is driven to be rotated around swash plate axis 91 by constant-speed universal coupling 11, so as to drive plunger assembly 10 reciprocating in the plunger hole of rotor cylinder 4, the volume change formed in plunger hole, and successively connected under the cooperation of oil distribution casing 15 with oil inlet and outlet 13,20, the process of oil suction and force feed is realized, namely realizes the conversion between rotation mechanical energy and hydraulic energy.
In the present invention, constant-speed universal coupling 11 can using ball cage type, half-angle ball cage type, ball-and-socket hinge style,
The constant-speed universal couplings such as curved grooved type, mainly it is described in detail in the present invention by taking Rzeppa constant velocity joint as an example, other constant-speed universal couplings such as half-angle ball cage type, ball-and-socket hinge style, curved grooved type etc., although more relative complex with ball cage type Hooks coupling universal coupling structure compared, as long as bulk allows, also it can be used, no longer " "-one is described in detail herein.As shown in Fig. 5-10, in constant-speed universal coupling 11 in the example of Rzeppa constant velocity joint, Rzeppa constant velocity joint 11 is by the inner ring 111 with outer alley, even number steel ball 112, retainer 113 and outer ring 114 with interior alley are constituted, wherein outer ring 114 is combined with wobbler 9, inner ring 111 is incorporated on main shaft 4, so as to when main shaft 4 drives rotary inner ring 111 to be rotated around main-shaft axis 41, the wobbler 9 that is combined with outer ring 114 can be driven around (the i.e. pivot center of outer ring 114 of swash plate axis 91 with main-shaft axis 41 with angle）Rotate.As a specific example, outer ring and the ^ endoporus of wobbler 9 can be united two into one outer ring 114 being integrally formed on wobbler 9, to save radial space size.And inner ring 111 can also unite two into one to be integrally formed on main shaft 4 with main shaft 4, but the feasibility of the manufacturability and installation in view of processing, it is provided separately in the present embodiment, by spline and the circumferentially fixed connection of main shaft 4, and axially position is made by back-up ring on axle 21.As shown in Fig. 9, according to Rzeppa constant velocity joint principle, the inner ring centre of sphere and the outer ring centre of sphere all should be located on main-shaft axis 41, and equidistantly be respectively in the central point both sides of constant-speed universal coupling 11.Retainer 113 limits even number steel ball 112 in the same plane, and the plane is also by shaft coupling central point.
It is used as an optional specific example, multiple plunger assemblies 10 in the present invention can be ball-and-socket hinge style Zhu Sai Group parts, and its ball head connecting rod and plunger for having bulb by two ends are constituted, and centre is provided with oilhole, the bulb at pressure oil lubrication two ends is introduced, its structure is identical with the plunger assembly of inclined shaft pump.The right-hand member of wobbler 9 is evenly distributed with multiple ball-and-sockets that central point is generally aligned in the same plane, the bulb end of plunger assembly 10 is embedded in and is limited to by return plate 23 in the ball-and-socket of wobbler 9, the plunger end of plunger assembly 10 is extend into the plunger hole of rotor cylinder 14, and the number of plunger assembly 10 is equal with the number of the plunger hole in the number and rotor of ball-and-socket on wobbler 9.The central plane of multiple ball-and-sockets is overlapped with the intersection point of main-shaft axis on the central point and wobbler 9 of constant-speed universal coupling 11. '
In the present invention, as shown in Fig. 4-8, middle casing and the drive end bearing bracket of housing 1 can be monoblock type knot
Structure, cylinder iron casting or alloy aluminum die casting are formed, and rear end cap 18 led to spiral shell Pattern and is connected with middle casing.Other structures form can certainly be used, such as middle casing is split type with drive end bearing bracket, and the drive end bearing bracket and middle casing are together by a threaded connection.The intensity of monoblock type is high and difficulty of processing is big, and the latter is then on the contrary, each advantageous.
As shown in Fig. 4-7, it is used as the alternative embodiment of the present invention, in embodiment 1, the axial plunger pump or motor of the present invention can carry out variable regulation, described wobbler 9 can be by that can bear radial load simultaneously, the insertion of swashplate bearing 8 one of axial force and moment of flexure is put in box 7, the balance 7 is supported on housing 1 by disc-swing bearing 2, the pivot center of the disc-swing bearing 1 is perpendicular to main-shaft axis 41 and passes through the center of constant-speed universal coupling 11, i.e. balance 7 can only parallel to the institute of main-shaft axis 41 planar around the pivot of constant-speed universal coupling 11；So as to by making the deflection of balance 7 adjust the inclination angle of wobbler 9（That is inclination angle of the swash plate axis 91 relative to main-shaft axis 41）, so as to realize that variable is adjusted.In embodiment 1, as shown in Fig. 4-7, the balance 7 can on be connected with adjust the deflection angle of balance 7 variable governor motion, rotary motion and torque due to constant-speed universal coupling 11 main shaft 4 pass to the wobbler 9 rotated around swash plate axis 91, so, the inclination angle for driving balance 7 to swing change wobbler 9 by stroking mechanism can very easily realize that the variable of pump or motor is adjusted.
As shown in Fig. 4-6, in the embodiment 1, balance 7 is two incomplete faces of cylinder up and down, is supported on by disc-swing bearing 2 on housing 1, right-hand member has stairstepping inner cylinder face, for embedded swashplate bearing 8.It is used as an example of variable governor motion, as shown in Fig. 6-Fig. 7, variable governor motion can be the regulation of trunnion type exogenousd variables, it includes the drive mechanism that the gudgeon 24 being connected on balance 7 and driving gudgeon 24 are rotated, the pivot center of variable gudgeon 24 is overlapped with the axis of oscillation of balance 7, so as to drive the rotation of gudgeon 24 to realize that variable is adjusted by peripheral hardware drive mechanism.In this example embodiment, spiral shell can be passed through in the side of balance 7:Pattern parts 27 are provided with variable trunnion base 26, and the variable gudgeon 24 is by spline or flat key with the circumferentially fixed connection of trunnion base 26 so that variable gudgeon 24 is arranged on balance 7.So, rotating gudgeon 24 just can drive balance 7 to swing, not only simple in construction, also relatively more directly perceived.As another example of variable governor motion, as shown in figure 4, variable governor motion is alternatively variable oil cylinder 28, the piston of the variable oil cylinder 28 is connected on balance 7, so as to drive balance 7 to deflect by the flexible of the piston, so as to realize change
Amount regulation.Certain variable governor motion can also have a lot of other modes, can borrow the stroking mechanism in various swash plate pumps, as long as can change the deflection angle of balance 7 by the variable governor motion, will not be described in detail herein.
As shown in Fig. 5-6, disc-swing bearing 2 in embodiment 1 can be two crescent needle bearings symmetrical above and below, and its pivot center and passes through the center of constant-speed universal coupling 11 perpendicular to the axis of main shaft 4.The outer ring of the bearing is fixed on the bearing block of housing 1, and inner ring is fixed on the face of cylinder of the left end of balance 7, or is united two into one with the face of cylinder.The effect of the bearing is that thrust suffered by balance 7 is delivered on housing 1, and reduces the swing resistance of balance 7.The bearing can also be other kinds of bearing, such as sliding bearing etc..
Should be in embodiment 1, the left end of wobbler 9 can be provided with horn mouth endoporus, pass through for main shaft 4, and do not interfere when being swung with balance 7 with main shaft 4, the left end of wobbler 9 also has Wai Round cylinders, to install swashplate bearing 8, the right-hand member plane of wobbler 9 has the ball-and-socket that multiple central points are generally aligned in the same plane, ball-and-socket number is usually odd number, such as 5-11, it is spherical pore in the middle of the right-hand member of wobbler 9, and is carved with the interior alley along the direction of main shaft 4, is used as the outer ring of Rzeppa constant velocity joint 11.
As shown in Figure 8, it is used as an alternative embodiment of the invention, in example 2, the axial plunger pump or motor of the present invention is equally applicable to constant displacement pump, due to being adjusted without variable, balance 7, disc-swing bearing 2 and stroking mechanism can be omitted in embodiment 1, on the inclined-plane that wobbler 7 is supported directly on to housing 1 by swashplate bearing 8, and total will be very simple compact.
Important rubbing surface in the present invention can pass through plated film or coating problems, and such as plating molybdenum disulfide reduces friction loss, ' improve efficiency and life-span.
Swash plate spring bearing 8 in the present invention needs to bear the axial force from swash plate, radial load and turning torque, therefore can select needle roller/cylinder（Cone）The combination bearing of roller thrust block, can also select other kinds of bearing or combination bearing with said function.
In the present invention, as shown in Fig. 4-6 and Fig. 8, front end band spline or the flat key of main shaft 4 are connected with other prime mover or working machine.There is spline to make circumferentially fixed connection with constant-speed universal coupling 11 and rotor cylinder 14 respectively in the middle of main shaft 4, drive wobbler 9 and rotor cylinder 14 to rotate, transmission is turned round
Square.Pass through stage clip back-up ring 21 and the dish-shaped stage clip I of stage clip seat supports in the middle of main shaft 49, stage clip 19 can also be pillar shaped helical spring.The precompression of spring is generally calculated using surplus She's pressure application, to ensure reliably to be sealed into principle between rotor cylinder 14 and oil distribution casing 15.More easily to adjust the pressure between Zhuan Red bodies 14 and oil distribution casing 15, oilhole and radial direction oil are provided with the right-hand member of main shaft 4, pressure oil is introduced outside the pump housing to act on the right side of rotor rainbow body 14, adjust external pressure oil pressure, the pressure between rotor cylinder 14 and oil distribution casing 15 can be just adjusted, has higher overall efficiency under different operating modes to meet the pump.
As shown in Fig. 4-6 and Fig. 8, the rotor rainbow body 14 in the present invention can be a cylinder, be evenly distributed multiple plunger holes, and closely dynamic coordinate is formed with the plunger of plunger assembly 10.As shown in Fig. 5, Fig. 8, the Zhuan Dorian bodies 14 are sphere with oily end face, and it is fitted close to form mating spherical surfaces with sphere oil distribution casing .15, with good Self-centering Action.Rotor cylinder 14 can be made up of materials such as copper, spheroidal graphite cast-iron, cast steel, forged steel, and anti-friction wear-resistant processing is made in plunger internal surface of hole and with oily ball face, such as nested or coating.Need that constant-speed universal coupling 11 is installed in view of the center of wobbler 9, in small displacement pump, its radial dimension must increase, rotor rainbow body 14 can now be made to circle and push away shape, that is left end diameter is bigger than right-hand member diameter, the also tapered distribution of multiple plunger holes, wherein, with the abutting end of Zhu Sai Group parts 10（Left end i.e. in drawing）The plunger hole hole heart where circular diameter be more than the other end（Right-hand member in drawing）The plunger hole hole heart where circular diameter.So, it is not necessary to the diameter of overall increase Zhuan Yu Red bodies 14, while oil distribution port diameter can reduce.As shown in figure 4, it can also be plane form, handling ease that rotor rainbow body 14, which matches somebody with somebody oily end face,.
It is 16 1/r with reference to a discharge capacity, rated pressure calculates that the physical dimension feature of the present invention is expanded on further for the design parameter of the variable pump described by the 35Mpa embodiment of the present invention 1.
If the number of plungers of the pump is 7, then the dischargeable capacity of each plunger is 2. 3ml, and great plug range is 1. 8-2. Ocm, then plunger a diameter of 12-13mm.The diameter of circumference is decided by the pivot angle of balance 7 where plunger center.Rule of thumb selection pivot angle is 20 degree, and the diameter that can calculate circumference where obtaining plunger center should be 56 mm.The external diameter of rotor cylinder 14 is 75 leg x 40mm.The output nominal torque of the pump is 89Nm, using the line shaft of ordinary steel material（Main shaft 4) diameter in I5- 2 Oram.In view of the intensity of of constant-speed universal coupling 11 itself, size and angle limitation and the intensity of line shaft
And rigidity, rotor rainbow body 14 is made into pheasant shape, rotor outside diameter is 82 Surface, and end diameter is looked for 72, a diameter of 85mm of wobbler 9, a diameter of 100mm of balance 7, then the size of whole pump is the Let of 120 Hidden X 150（Without shaft end extension elongation）.It will be apparent that the size and weight of the pump are smaller than the swash plate pump of same discharge capacity, it is more much smaller than inclined shaft pump.
Claims (1)
- Claims1st, a kind of axial plunger pump or motor, it includes：Housing；Main shaft, its rotational support is on housings；Rotor rainbow body with multiple plunger holes, it is incorporated on main shaft, drives it to be rotated around main-shaft axis by main shaft, and the rotor cylinder has with oily end face；Oil distribution casing, its is engaged Yu Zhuan Red bodies with oily end face；Multiple plunger holes of wobbler, its end face and rotor cylinder are axially opposing to be set, and can be rotated around with main-shaft axis in the swash plate axis of angle；Multiple plunger assemblies, its one end is articulated with the wobbler end face, and the other end is slidably arranged in the plunger hole of rotor cylinder；Constant-speed universal coupling, it is arranged between wobbler and main shaft, and the constant-speed universal coupling transmits moment of torsion between main shaft and wobbler, and main shaft and wobbler are rotated rotating around the main-shaft axis and swash plate axis set in angle.2nd, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that, the constant-speed universal coupling is Rzeppa constant velocity joint, half-angle Rzeppa constant velocity joint, ball-and-socket hinge style constant-speed universal coupling or Bendix-Weiss's Hooks coupling universal coupling.3rd, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, the terrible formula constant-speed universal coupling of described ball includes the inner ring with outer alley, even number steel ball, retainer and the outer ring with interior alley, described steel ball is arranged on retainer and in interior alley and outer alley, described inner ring is incorporated on main shaft, and described outer ring is incorporated on wobbler to make main shaft and wobbler rotate rotating around the main-shaft axis in angle and swash plate axis by Rzeppa constant velocity joint.4th, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 3, it is characterised in that described outer ring is integrally formed on wobbler.5th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the wobbler is supported on housing by swashplate bearing. 6th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described wobbler is supported on a balance by swashplate bearing, the balance is supported on the housing by disc-swing bearing, and balance axle ^^ pivot center is perpendicular to main-shaft axis and the center that passes through constant-speed universal coupling.7th, axial plunger pump as claimed in claim 6 or horse, reach, it is characterized in that, the variable governor motion for adjusting the balance deflection angle is connected with the balance, so that the change for the deflection angle for passing through balance makes the swash plate axis and the variable angle of main shaft for the wobbler being supported on.8th, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterised in that described variable governor motion is variable oil cylinder, and the ^ plugs of the variable oil cylinder are connected on balance, so as to drive balance to deflect by the flexible of the piston.9th, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 7, it is characterized in that the variable governor motion is trunnion type stroking mechanism, its drive mechanism for including being connected to the gudgeon on balance and driving the gudgeon to rotate, the pivot center of the gudgeon is overlapped with balance pivot center, so as to drive balance to deflect by rotating gudgeon.,10th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described rotor cylinder is taper, its diameter for being close in one end of wobbler is more than the diameter of the other end.11st, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 10, it is characterised in that multiple plunger holes also tapered distribution on described rotor rainbow body.12nd, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described plunger assembly is ball-and-socket hinge style plunger assembly, it includes the ball head connecting rod and plunger that two ends have bulb, ball-and-socket is provided with described wobbler, one end bulb of the ball head connecting rod is arranged in ball-and-socket to be connected with wobbler formation ball pivot, and other end bulb is arranged in plunger to be connect with plunger formation ball, and plunger is slideably positioned in plunger hole.13rd, axial plunger pump or motor as claimed in claim 12, it is characterised in that the oilhole for being communicated in plunger hole is provided with the centre of the ball head connecting rod and plunger, so as to introduce the bulb at pressure oil lubrication two ends.14th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the multiple plunger assembly being hinged on wobbler is centrally located on same plane, and the plane and main-shaft axis The center superposition of intersection point and constant-speed universal coupling.15th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the rotor cylinder passes through stage clip and stage clip back-up ring axially position on main shaft, oilhole and radial direction oil are offered in the end of main shaft, so as to adjust the pressure between rotor cylinder and oil distribution casing by injecting pressure oil into radial direction oil.16th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the rotor cylinder is sphere with oily end face, is confused oil distribution casing with being somebody's turn to do with oily end face formation mating spherical surfaces.17th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 5 or .6, it is characterised in that described swashplate bearing is needle bearing and cylinder or the combination bearing of taper roller thrust bearing.18th, the axial plunger pump or motor as described in claim 6, it is characterised in that described disc-swing bearing is crescent needle bearing.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800090190A CN101415944B (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Axial plunger pump or motor |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200620007920.7 | 2006-03-14 | ||
| CN200620007920 | 2006-03-14 | ||
| PCT/CN2007/000807 WO2007104257A1 (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | An axial plunger pump or motor |
| CN2007800090190A CN101415944B (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Axial plunger pump or motor |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101415944A true CN101415944A (en) | 2009-04-22 |
| CN101415944B CN101415944B (en) | 2010-12-22 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2007800090190A Expired - Fee Related CN101415944B (en) | 2006-03-14 | 2007-03-13 | Axial plunger pump or motor |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20090007773A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2012010A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2009529619A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20090020549A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101415944B (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2007104257A1 (en) |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2012010A1 (en) | 2009-01-07 |
| JP2009529619A (en) | 2009-08-20 |
| WO2007104257A1 (en) | 2007-09-20 |
| CN101415944B (en) | 2010-12-22 |
| US20090007773A1 (en) | 2009-01-08 |
| KR20090020549A (en) | 2009-02-26 |
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