CN114576123A - Oblique shaft type axial plunger pump - Google Patents
Oblique shaft type axial plunger pump Download PDFInfo
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- CN114576123A CN114576123A CN202111596852.8A CN202111596852A CN114576123A CN 114576123 A CN114576123 A CN 114576123A CN 202111596852 A CN202111596852 A CN 202111596852A CN 114576123 A CN114576123 A CN 114576123A
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- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
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- 230000036316 preload Effects 0.000 description 2
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/20—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis having rotary cylinder block
- F04B1/2014—Details or component parts
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04B—POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS
- F04B1/00—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders
- F04B1/12—Multi-cylinder machines or pumps characterised by number or arrangement of cylinders having cylinder axes coaxial with, or parallel or inclined to, main shaft axis
- F04B1/128—Driving means
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于工程机械液压系统技术领域,具体涉及一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵。The invention belongs to the technical field of construction machinery hydraulic systems, and in particular relates to an oblique axis type axial piston pump.
背景技术Background technique
斜轴式轴向柱塞泵其主轴的轴线与缸体的旋转轴线不在同一条直线上,而是成一个夹角。斜轴式轴向柱塞泵依靠柱塞在缸体中往复运动使密封工作容腔的容积发生变化,来实现吸油、压油。因其具有体积小,摩擦损失小,自吸能力强,启动效率高等优点,被广泛应用于液压系统中。The axis of the main shaft of the inclined-axis axial piston pump is not on the same line with the axis of rotation of the cylinder, but forms an included angle. The oblique axis axial piston pump relies on the reciprocating motion of the piston in the cylinder body to change the volume of the sealed working chamber to achieve oil absorption and oil pressure. Because of its small size, low friction loss, strong self-priming ability and high starting efficiency, it is widely used in hydraulic systems.
现有的斜轴式轴向柱塞泵主要包括配流盘、柱塞泵后端盖、缸体、活塞、回程盘、轴承、主轴、中心轴。传动主轴的轴线与缸体的旋转轴线形成一个夹角,柱塞装在缸体的缸体孔内,并通过位于其一端的球头与主轴上的球窝铰接。当柱塞在由下止点向上止点运动时,获得一个吸油行程,油液通过吸油口及配流盘上的腰形窗口被吸入缸体内;当柱塞在由上止点向下止点运动时,产生一个压油行程,使充满于缸体的缸体孔内的油液经配流盘和出油口被排出;在缸体的轴心位置设有中心孔,在中心孔内装有一中心轴,中心轴的一端是通过球头与主轴的球窝铰接,而中心轴的另一端设有预紧力弹簧。The existing oblique axis axial piston pump mainly includes a distribution plate, a rear end cover of the piston pump, a cylinder block, a piston, a return plate, a bearing, a main shaft and a central shaft. The axis of the transmission main shaft forms an included angle with the rotation axis of the cylinder block, the plunger is installed in the cylinder hole of the cylinder block, and is hinged with the ball socket on the main shaft through the ball head at one end. When the plunger moves from the bottom dead center to the top dead center, an oil suction stroke is obtained, and the oil is sucked into the cylinder through the oil suction port and the waist-shaped window on the valve plate; when the plunger moves from the top dead center to the bottom dead center During the movement, an oil pressure stroke is generated, so that the oil filled in the cylinder hole of the cylinder block is discharged through the distribution plate and the oil outlet; there is a center hole at the axis of the cylinder block, and a center hole is installed in the center hole. One end of the central shaft is hinged with the ball socket of the main shaft through the ball head, and the other end of the central shaft is provided with a preload spring.
这种结构的斜轴式柱塞泵,主轴的动力主要是通过缸体的中心轴以及活塞传递给缸体的,因此能将主轴的动力传递给缸体,这种传动结构存在着很大的不足,因为斜轴式轴向柱塞泵的转速很高,在转动过程中会产生很大的轴向力,一方面,仅仅通过弹簧的预紧力和球头与主轴的铰接,并不能达到刚性的要求,另一方面,不能避免缸体与主轴的碰撞;而且,由于球头是通过回程盘进行铰接的,这种结构对回程盘的结构、材料、加工精度等等要求比较高。In the inclined axis piston pump of this structure, the power of the main shaft is mainly transmitted to the cylinder through the central shaft of the cylinder and the piston, so the power of the main shaft can be transmitted to the cylinder. Insufficient, because the rotating speed of the oblique-axis axial piston pump is very high, a large axial force will be generated during the rotation. The rigidity requirement, on the other hand, cannot avoid the collision between the cylinder block and the main shaft; moreover, since the ball head is hinged through the return disc, this structure has relatively high requirements on the structure, material, machining accuracy, etc. of the return disc.
发明内容SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
为了解决斜轴式轴向柱塞泵使用时存在的一系列问题,本发明提供了一种能够避免避免柱塞和缸体之间的冲击碰撞、减少柱塞泵产生的振动、降低噪音、提高效率、有效延长使用寿命的斜轴式轴向柱塞泵。In order to solve a series of problems existing in the use of the oblique-axis axial piston pump, the present invention provides a method that can avoid the impact and collision between the piston and the cylinder, reduce the vibration generated by the piston pump, reduce the noise, and improve the Efficient and effectively prolonging the service life of the inclined axis axial piston pump.
基于上述目的,本发明通过如下技术方案实现:Based on the above object, the present invention is realized through the following technical solutions:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,包括泵体和设置在泵体内的主轴和缸体,主轴与缸体之间设置有柱塞,其特征在于,主轴和缸体通过万向节连接,万向节两端分别设置在主轴和缸体的中轴线处。An oblique axis type axial piston pump, comprising a pump body, a main shaft and a cylinder body arranged in the pump body, a plunger is arranged between the main shaft and the cylinder body, and characterized in that the main shaft and the cylinder body are connected by a universal joint, The two ends of the universal joint are respectively arranged at the central axis of the main shaft and the cylinder block.
优选地,万向节为球叉式万向节。Preferably, the universal joint is a ball fork type universal joint.
优选地,球叉式万向节可以为等速万向节;万向节包括相互配合的主动叉和从动叉,主动叉与主轴相连接,从动叉与缸体相连接;主动叉的球端内均设有四个相配合的主动曲面凹槽,从动叉的球端内均设有四个相配合的从动曲面凹槽,主动曲面凹槽与从动曲面凹槽配合形成环形槽,环形槽内设有传动钢球。Preferably, the ball fork type universal joint can be a constant velocity joint; the universal joint includes a driving fork and a driven fork that cooperate with each other, the driving fork is connected with the main shaft, and the driven fork is connected with the cylinder; There are four matching active curved grooves in the ball end, and four matching driven curved grooves are arranged in the ball end of the driven fork. The active curved groove and the driven curved groove cooperate to form an annular shape. There is a transmission steel ball in the annular groove.
优选地,主动叉轴线与从动叉轴线之间的夹角为0-32度;缸体轴线与主轴轴线之间的夹角为0-45度。Preferably, the included angle between the axis of the driving fork and the axis of the driven fork is 0-32 degrees; the included angle between the axis of the cylinder block and the axis of the main shaft is 0-45 degrees.
优选地,泵体上设有与缸体间隙配合的后端盖,后端盖上设有与缸体相配合配流盘;主轴上设有与主轴相配合的轴承,轴承上设有轴承盖,轴承盖与设置在泵体上的前端盖相配合。Preferably, the pump body is provided with a rear end cover that is clearance-fitted with the cylinder body, and the rear end cover is provided with a flow distribution plate matched with the cylinder body; the main shaft is provided with a bearing matched with the main shaft, and the bearing is provided with a bearing cover, The bearing cover is matched with the front end cover arranged on the pump body.
优选地,万向节的主动叉和从动叉通过花键分别与主轴和缸体可拆卸连接。Preferably, the driving fork and the driven fork of the universal joint are respectively detachably connected with the main shaft and the cylinder block through splines.
优选地,缸体上均布有多个与柱塞配合的柱塞孔,缸体中轴线处设有与万向节配合的内花键孔。Preferably, a plurality of plunger holes matched with the plunger are evenly distributed on the cylinder body, and an inner spline hole matched with the universal joint is arranged at the central axis of the cylinder body.
优选地,主轴靠近缸体一端的中轴线处设有与主动叉配合的内花键孔,主轴靠近缸体一端的端面还设有多个与柱塞配合的球窝。Preferably, the central axis of the main shaft close to one end of the cylinder body is provided with an inner spline hole matched with the driving fork, and the end face of the main shaft close to the end of the cylinder body is also provided with a plurality of ball sockets matched with the plunger.
优选地,柱塞两段式设置,包括与柱塞孔内壁滑动连接的锥柱段,锥柱段上设有紧贴柱塞孔内壁的密封环;还包括与主轴上的球窝配合的球头段。Preferably, the plunger is arranged in two sections, including a cone column section slidably connected to the inner wall of the plunger hole, the cone column section is provided with a sealing ring that is close to the inner wall of the plunger hole; it also includes a ball matched with a ball socket on the main shaft header.
优选地,主轴为阶梯轴,主轴通过轴承组件与泵体活动连接。Preferably, the main shaft is a stepped shaft, and the main shaft is movably connected to the pump body through a bearing assembly.
与现有技术相比,本发明的有益效果为:Compared with the prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:
相较现有技术利用缸体中心孔内的中心轴的球头与主轴进行铰接进行传动而言,本发明省去了回程盘,并通过在主轴和缸体间设置球叉式万向节进行连接,使得在主轴上设置主动叉、在缸体上设置从动叉,主轴通过球叉式万向节带动缸体运动,通过对现有技术传动结构的改进,能够实现避免柱塞和缸体之间的冲击碰撞,改善两者的受力状态;减少斜轴式轴向柱塞泵运转过程中振动的产生,降低噪音,提高效率,延长斜轴式轴向柱塞泵的使用寿命,并且球叉式万向节结构简单紧凑,承载能力强。Compared with the prior art, the ball head of the central shaft in the central hole of the cylinder is hinged with the main shaft for transmission, the present invention omits the return disc, and the ball fork type universal joint is arranged between the main shaft and the cylinder body. connection, so that the main shaft is provided with an active fork and a driven fork is provided on the cylinder block, and the main shaft drives the cylinder block to move through the ball fork universal joint. The impact and collision between the two can improve the stress state of the two; reduce the vibration during the operation of the oblique axis axial piston pump, reduce noise, improve efficiency, prolong the service life of the oblique axis axial piston pump, and The ball fork type universal joint has a simple and compact structure and strong bearing capacity.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1是现有斜轴式轴向柱塞泵结构示意图;Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing oblique-axis axial piston pump;
图2是实施例1中斜轴式轴向柱塞泵的结构示意图;Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the oblique axis type axial piston pump in the
图3是实施例1中球叉式万向节结构的结构示意图;Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the ball fork type universal joint structure in the
图4是现有技术中斜轴式柱塞泵的柱塞在主轴力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的应力分布图;Fig. 4 is the stress distribution diagram that the plunger of the inclined axis type plunger pump in the prior art produces when the main shaft moment is M=1200N*M;
图5是现有技术中斜轴式柱塞泵的柱塞在主轴力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的位移变形图;Fig. 5 is the displacement deformation diagram that the plunger of the inclined axis type plunger pump in the prior art produces when the main shaft moment is M=1200N*M;
图6是实施例1在主轴力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的应力分布图;Fig. 6 is the stress distribution diagram that
图7是实施例1在主轴力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的位移变形图。FIG. 7 is a diagram of displacement deformation generated when the spindle torque is M=1200N*M in Example 1. FIG.
图中,柱塞孔1,配流盘2,缸体3,后端盖4,柱塞6,轴承盖8,主轴9,轴承10,前端盖11,主动叉12,传动钢球13,从动叉14,万向节16、配流盘17、后端盖18、缸体19、柱塞20、回程盘21、轴承22、主轴23、中心轴24。In the figure, the
具体实施方式Detailed ways
以下通过具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明,但并不限制本发明的范围。The present invention will be described in further detail below through specific examples, but the scope of the present invention is not limited.
实施例1:Example 1:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,其结构如图1-图3所示,包括泵体和设置在泵体内的主轴9和缸体3,主轴9与缸体3之间设置有柱塞6,其特征在于,主轴9和缸体3通过万向节16连接,万向节16两端分别设置在主轴9和缸体3的中轴线处。万向节16为球叉式万向节。球叉式万向节可以为等速万向节;万向节16包括相互配合的主动叉12和从动叉14,主动叉12与主轴9相连接,从动叉14与缸体3相连接;主动叉12的球端内均设有四个相配合的主动曲面凹槽,从动叉14的球端内均设有四个相配合的从动曲面凹槽,主动曲面凹槽与从动曲面凹槽配合形成环形槽,环形槽内设有传动钢球13。An oblique-axis axial piston pump, its structure is shown in Figures 1-3, including a pump body, a main shaft 9 and a
主动叉12轴线与从动叉14轴线之间的夹角为0-32度;缸体3轴线与主轴9轴线之间的夹角为0-45度。泵体上设有与缸体3间隙配合的后端盖4,后端盖4上设有与缸体3相配合配流盘2;主轴9上设有与主轴9相配合的轴承10,轴承10上设有轴承盖8,轴承盖8与设置在泵体上的前端盖11相配合。The included angle between the axis of the
万向节16的主动叉12和从动叉14通过花键分别与主轴9和缸体3可拆卸连接。缸体3上均布有多个与柱塞6配合的柱塞孔1,缸体3中轴线处设有与万向节16配合的内花键孔。主轴9靠近缸体3一端的中轴线处设有与主动叉12配合的内花键孔,主轴9靠近缸体3一端的端面还设有多个与柱塞6配合的球窝。The
柱塞6两段式设置,包括与柱塞孔1内壁滑动连接的锥柱段,锥柱段上设有紧贴柱塞孔1内壁的密封环;还包括与主轴9上的球窝配合的球头段。主轴9为阶梯轴,主轴9通过轴承组件与泵体活动连接。The plunger 6 is arranged in two sections, including a cone column section slidably connected with the inner wall of the
现有的斜轴式轴向柱塞泵主要包括配流盘17、后端盖18、缸体19、柱塞20、回程盘21、轴承22、主轴23、中心轴24。主轴23的轴线与缸体19的旋转轴线形成一个夹角,柱塞20装在缸体19的缸体孔内,并通过位于其一端的球头与主轴9上的球窝铰接,如图1所示;而本申请的斜轴式轴向柱塞泵如图2、图3所示,在泵体内设置主轴9和缸体3,主轴9深入泵体的一端的端面上均布有七个球窝,球窝以主轴9轴线为中心呈环形分布;在后端盖4的一侧设有进油口,在后盖的另一侧设有出油口,在泵体上开设有泄油口,泵体内缸体3侧设有配流盘2,配流盘2和缸体3之间形成球面配流结构,缸体3轴线与主轴9轴线之间呈35度的夹角设置;缸体3一端紧贴配流盘2,缸体3另一端的中轴线处设有内花键孔;缸体3上还设有与柱塞6配合柱塞孔1,柱塞孔1内安装有柱塞6,柱塞6两段式设置,包括与柱塞孔1内壁滑动连接的锥柱段,锥柱段上设有紧贴柱塞孔1内壁的密封环,柱塞6还包括与主轴9上的球窝配合的球头段;泵体上设有与主轴9相配合的轴承10,轴承10上设有轴承盖8,轴承盖8与前端盖11间隙配合。The existing oblique axis axial piston pump mainly includes a distribution plate 17 , a rear end cover 18 , a cylinder block 19 , a
缸体3与主轴9之间通过万向节16连接,主轴9和缸体3通过万向节16连接传动形成同步连接结构;万向节16可以为等速万向节,可以使得主轴9与缸体3之间的速度保持一致,球叉式万向节允许两轴之间的交角最大为32度,万向节16包括相互配合的主动叉12和从动叉14,主动叉12与主轴9相连接,从动叉14与缸体3相连接;主动叉12的球端内均设有四个相配合的主动曲面凹槽,从动叉14的球端内均设有四个相配合的从动曲面凹槽,主动曲面凹槽与从动曲面凹槽配合形成环形槽,环形槽内设有传动钢球13;主动叉12的球端设有一对间隙配合的主动曲面板;从动叉14的的球端设有一对间隙配合的从动曲面板,从动曲面板与主动曲面板相配合;在主动叉12、从动叉14上分别有四个曲面凹槽,装配后则形成两个相交的环形槽,作为传动钢球13滚道。四个传动钢球13放在槽中,中心钢球放在主动叉12、从动叉14中心的凹槽内,以定中心。The
主轴9通过万向节16带动缸体3以及柱塞6运动,柱塞6在柱塞孔1内做往复的直线运动,当柱塞6向远离配流盘2的方向运动时,柱塞孔1与柱塞6形成的密封空间的容积增大,完成吸油动作;当活塞向接近配流盘2的方向运动时,柱塞孔1与柱塞6形成的密封空间的容积减小,完成压油动作;通过安装在缸体3配流端面和柱塞泵吸、压油通道之间的配流盘2,实现柱塞泵的吸油路、压油路相通,最终实现进油和排油。The main shaft 9 drives the
其中,图4为现有技术中斜轴式柱塞泵的柱塞20在主轴23力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的应力分布图;图5为现有技术中斜轴式柱塞泵的柱塞20在主轴23力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的位移变形图。在图4采用不同颜色表示在传动过程中产生应力的大小。在图5采用不同颜色表示缸体19、柱塞20、主轴23的变形程度。颜色由蓝到红的改变分别对应着位移和应力的增加,产生的位移越小说明传动机构的刚性和平稳性越好。产生的应力越小说明其承载能力越好,传递的力矩就越大。而红色块往往是最大位移或者最大应力产生的区域,例如图5现有斜轴式柱塞泵在主轴9力矩为M=1200N*M时,产生的最大变形约为0.76mm,而改进后的本申请在同样条件下,产生的最大变形约为0.27mm;从该组数据可以明显看出,改进后的装置在刚性和平稳性上有着显著的提升。Wherein, Fig. 4 is the stress distribution diagram of the
通过对比图5(现有斜轴式柱塞泵)和图7(本申请斜轴式轴向柱塞泵)总体位移数值来说明:改进后的装置在刚性和平稳性上有着明显的提升。本实验通过对比图4(现有斜轴式柱塞泵)和图6(本申请斜轴式轴向柱塞泵)应力数值来说明:相同力矩下,各零件产生的应力越少说明其承载能力越好,传递的力矩就越大。By comparing the overall displacement values of Figure 5 (the existing oblique axis piston pump) and Figure 7 (the oblique axis axial piston pump of the present application), it is illustrated that the improved device has a significant improvement in rigidity and stability. This experiment is illustrated by comparing the stress values in Figure 4 (the existing oblique axis piston pump) and Figure 6 (the oblique axis axial piston pump of the present application): under the same torque, the less stress generated by each part indicates that its bearing capacity The better the capability, the greater the torque transmitted.
图6、7的约束条件为:在主轴9力矩为M=1200N*M,缸体3固定,传动钢球13与环形槽之间无相对滑动,将其接触设置为“bonded”(绑定)传动钢球13与万向节16、主轴9之间为摩擦传动的情况进行的受力分析。图6为本发明的实施例1在主轴9力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的应力分布图,120N*M时产生的最大应力约为2507MPa,最大应力产生在传动钢球13区域,其颜色由蓝到红表示受到应力的增加。图7为本发明的实施例1在主轴9力矩为M=1200N*M下产生的位移变形图,在主轴9力矩为120N*M时产生的最大变形为0.27mm,其颜色由蓝到红表示位移变形的增加。The constraints in Figures 6 and 7 are: the torque of the main shaft 9 is M=1200N*M, the
通过对比现有技术(图4、图5所示)与本申请(图6、图7所示)可以明显看出,图4、图5的现有技术采用在缸体19上设置预紧力弹簧、在主轴23上设置球窝,预紧力弹簧通过中心轴上的球头与球窝铰接进行应力传动,而图6、图7的本申请通过万向节16传动,对利用缸体3中心孔中心轴的球头与主轴9铰接传动结构进行的改进,本发明能够实现避免柱塞6和缸体3之间的冲击碰撞,改善两者的受力状态,减少斜轴式轴向柱塞泵运转过程中振动的产生,降低噪音,提高效率,延长斜轴式轴向柱塞泵的使用寿命。By comparing the prior art (shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 ) with the present application (shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 ), it can be clearly seen that the prior art in FIGS. The spring, a ball socket is arranged on the main shaft 23, and the preload spring is subjected to stress transmission through the articulation of the ball head on the central shaft and the ball socket, while the application shown in FIG. 6 and FIG. The improvement of the hinged transmission structure between the ball head of the central shaft of the central hole and the main shaft 9 can avoid the impact collision between the plunger 6 and the
实施例2:Example 2:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,与实施例1的不同之处在于:缸体3轴线与主轴9轴线之间的夹角为25度。An oblique axis type axial piston pump is different from
实施例3:Example 3:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,与实施例1的不同之处在于:缸体3轴线与主轴9轴线之间的夹角为30度。An oblique-axis axial piston pump is different from
实施例4:Example 4:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,与实施例1的不同之处在于:主动叉12轴线与从动叉14轴线之间的夹角为16度。An oblique axis type axial piston pump, which is different from
实施例5:Example 5:
一种斜轴式轴向柱塞泵,与实施例1的不同之处在于:主动叉12轴线与从动叉14轴线之间的夹角为30度。An oblique axis type axial piston pump, which is different from
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,但不仅限于上述实例,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内所作的任何修改、等同替换和改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。The above are only preferred embodiments of the present invention, but are not limited to the above examples. Any modifications, equivalent replacements and improvements made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. within.
Claims (10)
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