CN101402644B - 金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法 - Google Patents

金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN101402644B
CN101402644B CN2008101220855A CN200810122085A CN101402644B CN 101402644 B CN101402644 B CN 101402644B CN 2008101220855 A CN2008101220855 A CN 2008101220855A CN 200810122085 A CN200810122085 A CN 200810122085A CN 101402644 B CN101402644 B CN 101402644B
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CN101402644A (zh
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陈万芝
刘斌
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Zhejiang University ZJU
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法。方法一:以乙腈为溶剂,加入摩尔比为1:0.5~3的咪唑盐和氧化银,40~60℃搅拌避光反应2~12小时;再加入活性金属粉末(锰、铁、钴、镍或铜)与氮杂环卡宾配体摩尔比为2~10:1在40~80℃反应2~24小时。方法二:以乙腈为溶剂,加入摩尔比为2~10:1的咪唑盐和活性金属粉末,在空气中加热至40~80℃反应12~48小时。反应溶液过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出固体产物,将固体依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2~3次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到金属氮杂环卡宾配合物。本发明简单易行,避免了复杂金属底物的合成且收率较高,在制备卡宾为配体的催化剂中有着广泛的应用前景。

Description

金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物的制备方法,尤其涉及一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法。
背景技术
N-杂环卡宾是一类用途非常广泛的配体,在有机金属配合物和催化领域有着出色的应用,近几年来,作为膦配体的补充和替代,氮杂环卡宾配体被广泛应用于各种有机化学反应中(Jafarpour,L.;Nolan,S.P.J.Organomet.Chem,2001,617-618,17-27)。制备金属N-杂环卡宾配合物有很多途径,最为常用的包括:(1)利用自由卡宾和金属盐类反应,(2)在碱的作用下咪唑盐脱质子原位反应,(3)金属盐和Ag-NHC配合物金属交换(Eduardo Peris,Top Organome.t Chem.2007,21,83-116;Thomas Weskamp,Volker P.W.B
Figure G2008101220855D0001182826QIETU
hm,Wolfgang A.Herrmann,J.Organomet.Chem,2000,600,12-22)。对于一些难以生成自由卡宾或生成的自由卡宾不稳定的咪唑盐,使用最多的是金属交换法,然而这些途径对金属底物都有着不同程度的的特殊要求,恰恰是这些要求限制了较多金属卡宾配合物的合成,在上述的方法的基础上我们发现了两条制备金属N-杂环卡宾配合物的新途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的是克服现有制备金属N-杂环卡宾配合物的技术不足,提供一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法。
一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法是以乙腈为溶剂,加入摩尔比为1:0.5~3的咪唑盐和氧化银,40~60℃搅拌避光反应2~12小时;再加入活性金属粉末与氮杂环卡宾配体摩尔比为2~10:1在40~80℃反应2~24小时得到金属卡宾配合物。
所述的活性金属粉末为锰、铁、钴、镍或铜粉末。
所述的氮杂环卡宾配体分子结构式为:
其中R1为苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基、嘧啶或甲基吡啶,R2为吡啶、甲基吡啶、嘧啶、甲基二苯基磷或乙基二苯基磷,阴离子X-为PF6 -、Cl-或BF4 -
另一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法是以乙腈为溶剂,加入摩尔比为2~10:1的活性金属粉末和咪唑盐,在空气中加热至40~80℃反应12~48小时得到金属卡宾配合物。
所述的活性金属粉末为锰、铁、钴、镍或铜粉末。
所述的氮杂环卡宾配体为分子结构式为:
其中R2为吡啶、甲基吡啶、嘧啶、甲基二苯基磷或乙基二苯基磷,阴离子X-为PF6 -、Cl-或BF4 -
本发明通过上述方法合成了Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Cu等卡宾化合物,特别是成功合成了Mn、Fe、Co等一类还比较少见的N—杂环卡宾配合物,是对金属卡宾配合物合成方法的进一步发展,且这类金属卡宾配合物是一类良好的催化剂,对环境友好,在精细化工和制药工业中具有广泛的应用前景,本发明为合成廉价催化剂提供了简单易行的途径。
具体实施方式
本发明的反应方程式为:
Figure G2008101220855D00022
其中R1为苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基、嘧啶或甲基吡啶,R2为吡啶、甲基吡啶、嘧啶、甲基二苯基磷或乙基二苯基磷,M为锰、铁、钴、镍或铜金属粉末,阴离子X-为PF6 -、Cl-或BF4 -,氮杂环上的虚线代表可以是不饱和键,取代基R2和金属离子M间的虚线代表可以成配位键。
通过下述实施例子将有助于理解本发明,但不限制本发明的内容。
实施例1、
Figure G2008101220855D00031
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(3mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入铜粉640mg(10mmol),40℃搅拌反应2小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出红色粉末,将红色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到635mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物1,产率97%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.22(s,o-C5H4N,2H),7.87-7.83(m,p-C5H4N+NCHCHN,4H),7.74(br,m-C5H4N+NCHCHN,4H),7.23(t,J=6.0Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),6.49(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):181.6(s,Ag-C),149.7,147.9,140.7,123.6,123.5,118.5,112.6,64.8ppm.C34H28F18N12P3Cu3元素分析,理论值:C,33.19;H,2.29;N,13.66.实测值:C,33.31;H,2.33;N,13.75.
实施例2、
Figure G2008101220855D00032
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,铜粉640mg(10mmol),搅拌反应12小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出红色粉末,将红色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到586mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物1,产率89%。
实施例3、
Figure G2008101220855D00033
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入铜粉320mg(5mmol),40℃搅拌反应2小时,过滤,滤液在空气中搅拌12小时,再过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出墨绿色粉末,将墨绿色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到510mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物2,产率99%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.28(s,o-C5H4N,2H),7.86-7.83(m,p-C5H4N+NCHCHN,4H),7.73(br,m-C5H4N+NCHCHN,4H),7.23(t,J=4.0Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),6.48(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.C34H28F12N12P2Cu2元素分析,理论值:C,39.97;H,2.76;N,16.45.实测值:C,40.00;H,2.75;N,16.44.
实施例4、
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,铜粉320mg(5mmol),搅拌反应12小时,过滤,滤液在空气中搅拌12小时,再过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出墨绿色粉末,将墨绿色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到484mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物2,产率95%。
实施例5、
Figure G2008101220855D00042
在60℃下,加入配体L2596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入铜粉130mg(2mmol),40℃搅拌反应5小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出红色粉末,将红色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到490mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物3,产率96%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.52(d,J=3.6Hz,m-C4H3N2,4H),8.04(br,NCHCHN,2H),7.79(s,NCHCHN,2H),7.41(t,J=4.8Hz,p-C4H3N2,2H),6.48(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):183.9(s,Ag-C),159.4,155.0,123.8,120.9,118.0,64.7ppm.C30H24F12N16P2Cu2元素分析,理论值:C,35.13;H,2.36;N,21.85.实测值:C,35.20;H,2.39;N,21.87.
实施例6、
Figure G2008101220855D00051
在40℃下,加入配体L2 596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,铜粉320mg(5mmol),搅拌反应24小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出红色粉末,将红色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到447mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物3,产率87%。
实施例7、
Figure G2008101220855D00052
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入镍粉290mg(5mmol),80℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到635mg镍氮杂环卡宾配合物4,产率97%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.88(d,J=5.2Hz,o-C5H4N,2H),8.62(d,J=1.2Hz,NCHCHN,2H),8.51(t,J=7.2Hz,p-C5H4N,2H),8.29(d,J=8.4Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),8.13(d,J=1.2Hz,NCHCHN,2H),7.77(t,J=7.2Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),6.68(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):158.9,150.0,149.6,144.1,124.7,124.2,119.0,112.6,63.9ppm.C17H14F12N6P2Ni元素分析,理论值:C,31.37;H,2.17;N,12.91.实测值:C,31.49;H,2.18;N,12.94.
实施例8、
在80℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,镍粉290mg(5mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到346mg镍氮杂环卡宾配合物4,产率53%。
实施例9、
Figure G2008101220855D00061
在60℃下,加入配体L2 596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入镍粉290mg(5mmol),80℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到506mg镍氮杂环卡宾配合物5,产率77%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):9.25(d,J=5.6Hz,m-C4H3N2,4H),8.45(d,J=2.0Hz,NCHCHN,2H),8.19(d,J=2.0Hz,NCHCHN,2H),7.90(t,J=5.6Hz,p-C4H3N2,2H),6.71(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):161.3(s,Ni-C),158.0,154.7,125.0,121.4,119.0,64.0ppm.C15H12F12N8P2Ni元素分析,理论值:C,27.59;H,1.85;N,17.16.实测值:C,27.94;H,2.06;N,17.54.
实施例10、
Figure G2008101220855D00062
在80℃下,加入配体L2 596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,镍粉290mg(5mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到236mg镍氮杂环卡宾配合物5,产率36%。
实施例11、
Figure G2008101220855D00063
在40℃下,加入配体L1594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入钴粉295mg(5mmol),40℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到538mg钴氮杂环卡宾配合物6,产率83%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.87(d,J=5.2Hz,o-C5H4N,2H),8.62(d,J=1.6Hz,NCHCHN,2H),8.51(dt,J=1.6Hz,J=8.0Hz,p-C5H4N,2H),8.29(d,J=8.4Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),8.13(d,J=2.4Hz,NCHCHN,2H),7.77(t,J=6.0Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),6.68(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):159.1(s,Co-C),150.2,149.8,144.3,124.9,124.4,119.2,112.8,64.0ppm.C17H14F12N6P2Co元素分析,理论值:C,31.35;H,2.17;N,12.91.实测值:C,31.49;H,2.21;N,12.93.
实施例12、
Figure G2008101220855D00071
在80℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,钴粉295mg(5mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到530mg钴氮杂环卡宾配合物6,产率81%。
实施例13、
Figure G2008101220855D00072
在60℃下,加入配体L2 596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入钴粉295mg(5mmol),40℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到484mg钴氮杂环卡宾配合物7,产率74%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):9.24(d,J=5.6Hz,m-C4H3N2,4H),8.44(d,J=2.4Hz,NCHCHN,2H),8.18(d,J=2.4Hz,NCHCHN,2H),7.90(t,J=5.2Hz,p-C4H3N2,2H),6.71(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):161.4(s,Ni-C),158.3,154.8,125.1,121.5,119.1,64.0ppm.C15H12F12N8P2Co元素分析,理论值:C,27.58;H,1.85;N,17.16.实测值:C,27.81;H,1.92;N,17.13.
实施例14、
Figure G2008101220855D00081
在80℃下,加入配体L2596mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,钴粉295mg(5mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到354mg钴氮杂环卡宾配合物7,产率54%。
实施例15、
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入铁粉280mg(5mmol),80℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到468mg铁氮杂环卡宾配合物8,产率72%。1H NMR(dmso-d6):8.87(d,J=5.2Hz,o-C5H4N,2H),8.63(d,J=2.4Hz,NCHCHN,2H),8.52(t,J=8.0Hz,p-C5H4N,2H),8.29(d,J=7.6Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),8.13(d,J=1.6Hz,NCHCHN,2H),7.77(t,J=7.6Hz,m-C5H4N,2H),6.68(s,NCH2N,2H)ppm.13C NMR(dmso-d6):159.1(s,Fe-C),150.2,149.8,144.3,124.9,124.4,119.2,112.8,64.2ppm.C17H14F12N6P2Fe元素分析,理论值:C,31.50;H,2.18;N,12.97.实测值:C,31.72;H,2.31;N,13.04.
实施例16、
Figure G2008101220855D00083
在80℃下,加入配体L1594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,铁粉280mg(5mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出黄色粉末,将黄色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到250mg铁氮杂环卡宾配合物8,产率39%。
实施例17、
在40℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银464mg(2mmol),搅拌避光反应2小时,加入锰块550mg(10mmol),80℃搅拌反应24小时,过滤浓缩,加入乙醚析出棕色粉末,将棕色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到437mg铁氮杂环卡宾配合物9,产率68%。C17H14F12N6P2Mn元素分析,理论值:C,31.55;H,2.18;N,12.99.实测值:C,31.89;H,2.46;N,13.21.
实施例18、
Figure G2008101220855D00092
在80℃下,加入配体L1 594mg(1mmol),乙腈20mL,锰块550mg(10mmol),搅拌反应48小时,过滤,滤液浓缩,加入乙醚析出棕色粉末,将棕色粉末依次用乙醇、乙醚洗涤2次,再用乙腈溶解,缓慢加入乙醚,结晶得到341mg铁氮杂环卡宾配合物9,产率53%。
实施例19、
Figure G2008101220855D00093
在氮气保护下,在反应管内加入配体L3 686mg(2mmol),乙腈20mL,氧化银232mg(1mmol),搅拌避光反应12小时,加入铜粉320mg(5mmol),40℃搅拌反应5小时,氮气保护下过滤,旋蒸去溶剂得白色粉末,775mg铜氮杂环卡宾配合物10,产率96%,C21H24ClN2Cu元素分析,理论值:C,62.52;H,6.00;N,6.94.实测值:C,62.88;H,6.53;N,7.08.

Claims (1)

1.一种金属氮杂环卡宾配合物的制备方法,其特征在于以乙腈为溶剂,加入摩尔比为1∶0.5~3的氮杂环卡宾配体和氧化银,40~60℃搅拌避光反应2~12小时;再加入活性金属粉末,与氮杂环卡宾配体摩尔比为2~10∶1,在40~80℃反应1~24小时得到金属氮杂环卡宾配合物;
所述的氮杂环卡宾配体分子结构式为:
Figure FSB00000159920600011
其中R1为苯基、2,4,6-三甲基苯基、2,6-二异丙基苯基、嘧啶基或甲基吡啶基,R2为吡啶基、甲基吡啶基或嘧啶基,阴离子X-为PF6 -、Cl-或BF4 -
所述的活性金属粉末为锰、铁、钴、镍或铜粉末。
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