CN101399452A - Mixed battery pack comprising lithium power cell and super capacitor - Google Patents
Mixed battery pack comprising lithium power cell and super capacitor Download PDFInfo
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- CN101399452A CN101399452A CNA2008100944065A CN200810094406A CN101399452A CN 101399452 A CN101399452 A CN 101399452A CN A2008100944065 A CNA2008100944065 A CN A2008100944065A CN 200810094406 A CN200810094406 A CN 200810094406A CN 101399452 A CN101399452 A CN 101399452A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a mixing battery group consisting of a lithium power battery group and a super capacitor group. The mixing battery group comprises a rectifying circuit, a charging buffer circuit, a lithium power battery group consisting of a plurality of lithium power batteries, a super capacitor group consisting of a plurality of super capacitors, a main circuit of bilateral switch, an output switch and a signal collection and control circuit; the outer current or DC electrical source is connected with the input terminal of the main circuit by the rectifying circuit and the charging buffer circuit, and the output terminal of the main circuit is connected with the electric equipment by the output switch; the signal collection and control circuit comprises a controller, a bus bar voltage transducer, a lithium battery group voltage transducer, a lithium battery electric current transducer and an output current transducer. The invention can provide output of electric energy with high power and high energy stably, guarantee to be effectively connected with 220V effective value of electric equipment, and bear a certain degree of fluctuation of charging voltage and current, and guarantee the stability and convenience for electric energy supply and invisibility of power supply. The mixing battery group is characterized by small volume and convenient carrying.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of secondary power supply field, particularly a kind of hybrid power source system that constitutes by the two kinds of power supply apparatus in lithium dynamical battery unit and super capacitor unit.
Two, background technology
Modern information war is very high to the requirement of power supply, guarantees that the reliable supply of battlefield power supply is an important ring of obtaining combat success.Solving in the open air the conditioned disjunction mobile condition can provide more high-power down and the high power supply of reliability, improves in the information fighting the fail safe of power work and to recycle the life-span be very important.And along with automobile industry particularly motor vehicle grow up, it is to the fail safe of electric energy work and to recycle the requirement in life-span be very high, existing battery pack can't reach, so, also must seek new battery pack solution.
For battery power storage release request under field condition or the mobile condition, the requirement of the following aspects is arranged: the instability that 1) can fully adapt to the power storage provider, as the fluctuation of speed and variable power because of generator, factor such as the capacity of AC network is little and the voltage that causes and the suitable great fluctuation process of power.2) volume is little, in light weight, and must be easy to carry.3) easy to use, electric energy can be provided rapidly.
The electricity generation system that current China equips an army is diesel generating set substantially, moves and mostly is gasoline engine generator group and various battery with power supply.Though these power supply technology maturations, can satisfy power requirement, many limitation are in use arranged, be difficult to adapt to the modern war under the fast changing high-technology condition.
Internal combustion engine power generating system is mainly used in places such as stationary electric power plant and vehicle power.Adopt this system can satisfy more high-power requirement, but efficient has only 20%～30%, and efficient is low, unit weight from hundreds of kilogram to several tons, weight is bigger, taken the space of car load more than 30% when vehicle-mounted, volume is bigger than normal, and mobility is poor, and noise is big, infrared radiation is strong, becomes the target of attack of enemy's reconnaissance system locking easily, the high maneuverability that requires with modern war with disguised and guarantee the traffic guidance unimpeded big gap arranged.And the common batteries such as lead-acid battery and nickel-cadmium cell that comprise exist that power density is low, mobility is poor, capacity is less relatively, the power supply capacity deficiency, continuous working period is shorter, and shortcomings such as the maintenance amount is bigger, limit the raising of power work ability, become the significant obstacle of present restriction army portable power supplies.
Comprise lithium batteries such as the acid of various positive electrodes such as cobalt lithium, LiMn2O4, LiFePO 4,, have extended cycle life, make it on various portable electric appts, be used widely because its energy density height, specific power are big.For mobility and portable demanding field condition and motor-driven application scenario, become the focus of research.But the positive electrode that is used for dynamic lithium battery at present mainly contains LiMn2O4, lithium nickelate and LiFePO 4 etc., above material all faces the absorption of problem, especially instantaneous large-currents such as the high power charging-discharging cycle performance is undesirable and discharges and seriously reduced its useful life especially.
Super capacitor had than high high-specific-power of battery and longer useful life, but its specific energy is lower, can not store enough energy.Electrokinetic cell and super capacitor hybrid battery group in conjunction with the pluses and minuses of two kinds of power supplys are the reasonable devices that solves high power and high-energy-density.
The application that mixes of electrokinetic cell and super capacitor, existing application more widely in motor vehicle, its application mode mainly contains following dual mode: a kind of is direct parallel connection, this mode generally is applied on the power consumption equipment that voltage is lower than 60V, and generally be in parallel with lead-acid battery, the voltage of its output is low, poor stability, and the fluctuation of uncontrollable its voltage realizes for the control of output instantaneous power is also very difficult.Another kind is in parallel with electrokinetic cell after super capacitor boosts via dc power converter DC/DC, though this mode can reach power output and control of energy, but the power output of its super capacitor is limit by the converter design of DC/DC, often can not give full play to the advantage of the high-specific-power of super capacitor, improve the cost of device simultaneously.
Three, summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind ofly have the energy density height, have extended cycle life, hybrid battery group that power output height and security reliability are high is made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor.
For finishing above-mentioned purpose of the present invention, its technical solution is: a kind of hybrid battery group of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor, and it comprises rectification circuit, charging buffer circuit, main circuit, output switch, signals collecting and control circuit; External communication or DC power supply are connected with the main circuit input with the charging buffer circuit by rectification circuit, and the output of main circuit connects power consumption equipment by the output switch; Main circuit comprises the lithium power battery pack be made up of a plurality of lithium dynamical batteries, by super capacitor group and bidirectional switch that a plurality of super capacitors are formed, after lithium power battery pack and the bidirectional switch series connection, in parallel with the super capacitor group again; Signals collecting and control circuit comprise controller, busbar voltage transducer, lithium battery group voltage sensor, lithium battery flow sensor and output current transducer; The busbar voltage transducer is connected across the input of main circuit, and its signal output part is connected the signal input part of controller; Lithium battery group voltage sensor is connected across the two ends of lithium power battery pack, its signal output part is connected another signal input part of controller, the lithium battery flow sensor is connected between lithium power battery pack and the bidirectional switch, its signal output part is connected the 3rd signal input part of controller, the output current sensor string is associated between the anodal and output switch of output of main circuit, its signal output part is connected the 4th signal input part of controller, and the signal output part of controller connects the signal input part of bidirectional switch and output switch respectively.
The present invention also comprises electrochemical capacitor, and electrochemical capacitor is attempted by between output positive and negative of main circuit.
The present invention also comprises the busbar voltage display circuit, and this circuit is formed by current-limiting resistance with along the light-emitting diode that connects, is attempted by between output positive and negative of main circuit.
Rectification circuit among the present invention adopts uncontrollable rectifier system, as full-wave rectifying circuit or bridge rectifier; Also can adopt the controlled rectification mode of thyristor control.
Charging buffer circuit of the present invention is made up of short circuit contactor and charging current limiter resistance, and charging current limiter resistance is connected across the two ends of short circuit contactor.The short circuit contactor suits charging current limiter resistance, when super capacitor voltage is lower than lower limit, and with the charging current limiter resistance access circuit, the instantaneous charging current during the restriction power supply; When super capacitor voltage was higher than lower limit, charging current limiter resistance was excised in the adhesive of short circuit contactor.
Lithium power battery pack of the present invention is that the unit carries out suitable connection in series-parallel and combines with single lithium dynamical battery, lithium dynamical battery adopts LiMn2O4 or the LiFePO 4 lithium dynamical battery of rated voltage in the 187V-242V scope, its number is determined by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single lithium dynamical battery, its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number.The super capacitor group is that the unit carries out suitable tandem compound and forms with single super capacitor, single super capacitor adopts the bipolar ultracapacitor of the laminated type of rated voltage in the 280V-340V scope, its number is determined by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single super capacitor, its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: (1) the present invention is connected in parallel high power lithium electrokinetic cell and high voltage super capacitor by bidirectional switch, can give full play to the characteristics of super capacitor, reaches high-energy and high-power extraordinary combination.The high-energy-density and the height that had both made full use of lithium dynamical battery recycle the life-span, have made full use of the high power density and the extraordinary access times that discharge and recharge of super capacitor again.Make portable mixed battery pack have high power, macro-energy fan-out capability.And can guarantee directly to link to each other with 220V effective value power consumption equipment (comprising that illumination and all comprise the power consumption equipment of Switching Power Supply input), easy to use, and can stablize and provide high-power electric energy to export.(2) can bear the fluctuation of charging voltage and electric current certain degree.Because super capacitor can be used as energy filter and uses, make the power network fluctuation of moment and the fluctuating current of motor vehicle energy feedback, stored by electric capacity fully.Can protect lithium power battery pack effectively, improve the battery pack overall security.(3) can fully guarantee stability and the convenience that electric energy provides.Because the existence of super capacitor can overcome fully for the change of load or the fluctuation of voltage.Owing to do not need the start-up course of internal combustion engine or the process that is connected with electrical network, can in tens seconds, reach full power output.Disguise when (4) powering.Owing to do not have the rotation and the heating of internal combustion engine, noiselessness produces, and its thermal exposure is quite little, has suitable disguise.The present invention also has volume advantage little, easy to carry.It can be widely used as military mobility power supply.Also can be used for motor vehicle.
Four, description of drawings
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:
Fig. 1 is a circuit structure schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a charged state energy control flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is a discharge condition energy control flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is a hot standby host discharge condition energy control flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 5 outputs to the busbar voltage oscillogram of load-side for the battery pack that only adopts lithium dynamical battery;
Fig. 6 outputs to the DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram of load-side for the present invention.
Five, embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, present embodiment comprises bridge rectifier 11, the charging buffer circuit of forming by short circuit contactor 12 and charging current limiter resistance 13, by super capacitor group 14, the main circuit that lithium power battery pack 15 and bidirectional switch 16 are formed, by controller 20, busbar voltage transducer 21, lithium battery group voltage sensor 22, signals collecting and control circuit that lithium battery flow sensor 23 and output current transducer 24 are formed, by current-limiting resistance 25 and the busbar voltage display circuit formed along the light-emitting diode 26 that connects, electrochemical capacitor 17, the fuse 18 of outlet side and output switch.The output switch is contactor or circuit breaker 19.Bidirectional switch 16 manages T1 by two power MOSFET tubes or IGBT and T2 forms.
Its connected mode is as follows: the two ends of external power source are connected to two inputs of bridge rectifier 11, and the negative pole of output end of bridge rectifier is the dc bus negative pole of device, that is the input cathode of main circuit; The output head anode of bridge rectifier is connected the input of charging buffer circuit, and the output of charging buffer circuit is the positive pole of dc bus, that is the input anode of main circuit.The charging buffer circuit is made up of short circuit contactor 12 and the charging current limiter resistance 13 that is connected across short circuit contactor 12 two ends.The two ends of super capacitor group 14 are connected on the positive pole and the negative pole of dc bus respectively, the positive pole of lithium power battery pack 15 is extremely gone up by the C that lithium battery flow sensor 23 is connected to the T2 of bidirectional switch 16, the C utmost point of the T1 of bidirectional switch 16 is connected on the positive pole of dc bus, and the E utmost point of T1 and the E utmost point of T2 link together; The positive and negative electrode correspondence of electrochemical capacitor 17 is connected on the positive and negative electrode of dc bus.Also be connected with the busbar voltage display circuit of forming by current-limiting resistance 25 and the suitable light-emitting diode 26 that connects between the positive and negative electrode of dc bus.The anodal final fuse 18 by output current transducer 24 and outlet side of dc bus is connected on the input of contactor or circuit breaker 19.Power consumption equipment is connected between the output and dc bus negative pole end of contactor or circuit breaker 19.
Lithium power battery pack 15 adopts the LiMn2O4 or the LiFePO 4 lithium dynamical battery of the rated voltage in the 187V-242V scopes, and lithium power battery pack is that the unit carries out suitable connection in series-parallel and combines with single lithium dynamical battery.Super capacitor 14 adopts the bipolar super capacitor of a plurality of laminated types to be in series, and total series voltage is in the 280-310V scope, and capacity is more than the 2F, under the scope that volume and weight allows, can improve capacitance as far as possible.The number of the super capacitor of the lithium dynamical battery number of composition lithium power battery pack, composition super capacitor group is determined its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single lithium dynamical battery or single super capacitor.
The bidirectional switch 16 that the present invention is made up of two power MOSFET tubes or IGBT pipe T1 and T2 is controlled the charging and discharging state of battery pack.T1 and T2 link together the E utmost point separately, can only have one to be in opening state among T1 and the T2.When battery pack is in charged state, as shown in Figure 2, open pipe T1, carry out PWM by T1 and regulate the charging current size.Because the maximum input voltage instantaneous value of 220V alternating current is near 310V, so can guarantee the validity of charging.When battery power discharge, open down pipe T2, electric current is outputed on the dc bus by battery pack, and the discharging current size can be controlled by PWM.
When charging is finished, can close the T1 in the bidirectional switch 16, have only super capacitor group 14 to continue to participate in rectification and output, form Hot Spare, guarantee that the voltage of output is stable, at this moment, can play the effect of part UPS.
The workflow of hybrid battery group: after startup self-detection, gather the control information of various control signals and battery pack.Determine operating state charging, still hot standby of discharge according to the information of control requirement and battery pack then, select closed or disconnection short circuit contactor 12, contactor or circuit breaker 19, and discharge and recharge operation at the T1 and the T2 of operating state control bidirectional switch 16.
When the hybrid battery group works in charged state, as shown in Figure 2, two power supply import pathway can be arranged, article one, charging approach (a) is: warp is from rectification circuit 11, again through short circuit contactor 12 or charging current limiter resistance 13, both selections are determined through busbar voltage transducer 21 sampling both end voltage by controller 20, then enter super capacitor group 14, when the voltage of super capacitor group reaches certain value, to lithium power battery pack 15 chargings, the pattern of charging and size of current are finished by the T1 and the T2 of controller 20 control bidirectional switchs 16 through bidirectional switch 16 in beginning.Busbar voltage transducer 21, lithium battery group voltage sensor 22 and lithium battery flow sensor 23 will be controlled information needed and be delivered to controller 20.This mode generally is used for the hybrid battery group and charges under the situation that civil power can get usually.
Another charging approach (b) is: from load-side, the circulating pathway when being actually the electric energy feedback.Fuse 18 through contactor or circuit breaker 19 and outlet side, enter super capacitor group 14, when the magnitude of voltage of super capacitor group reaches certain value, to charge to lithium power battery pack 15 through bidirectional switch 16 again, the pattern of charging and size of current are finished by controller 20 control bidirectional switchs 16.Busbar voltage transducer 21, lithium battery group voltage sensor 22 and lithium battery flow sensor 23 will be controlled information needed and be delivered to controller 20.Output current transducer 24 is responsible for monitoring the size of input current.This mode is mainly used in the load feedback electric energy, or moment is because of the situation of fluctuation of load overtension.
In both cases, the busbar voltage display circuit of current-limiting resistance 25 and light-emitting diode 26 compositions plays the effect that shows hybrid battery group voltage.Electrochemical capacitor 17 plays the effect of High frequency filter.
When the hybrid battery group worked in discharge condition, as shown in Figure 3, discharging current can be made up of one or both of capacitor discharge electric current and battery discharge current, the requirement of apparent load and deciding.When pulse power needs transient high power output, the electric current of super capacitor group 14 can be as wide as possible through the fuse 18 of output current transducer 24, outlet side and output switch: contactor or circuit breaker 19 outputs, satisfy high-power requirement, avoid instantaneous electric voltage dropping simultaneously.When output needs long-time stabling current output, or when only relying on the super capacitor group to satisfy the demand, controller 20 is opened the T1 and the T2 of bidirectional switch 16, then lithium power battery pack 15 beginnings outwards provide electric energy, and busbar voltage transducer 21, lithium battery group voltage sensor 22 and lithium battery flow sensor 23 will be controlled information needed and be delivered to controller 20.At this moment can satisfy outside power reguirements than macro-energy, the super capacitor group then can suppress the fluctuation of voltage this moment.
From the above description as can be seen, the super capacitor group is that the instantaneous power that can share lithium dynamical battery is born as the energy snubber device of hybrid battery group.Fig. 5 outputs to the busbar voltage oscillogram of load-side, the fluctuation of busbar voltage as can be seen for the battery pack that only adopts lithium dynamical battery.Fig. 6 can see that for the DC bus-bar voltage oscillogram that the present invention outputs to load-side busbar voltage is very stable.
When the hybrid battery group works in hot holding state, as shown in Figure 4, then decide on the actual loading situation of input of external communication electric energy and direct current energy output, super capacitor group 14 can work in charged state (a) or (b) or discharge condition moment, main purpose is to stablize busbar voltage, guarantee the reliable of output electric energy, play peak load shifting effect the electric energy supply or the fluctuation of load.Energy fluctuation in short period or transient overvoltage, under voltage are mainly born by super capacitor group 14, and load fluctuation is then born major part by lithium power battery pack 15 slightly for a long time.
Claims (10)
1, a kind of hybrid battery group of being made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor is characterized in that: it comprises rectification circuit, charging buffer circuit, main circuit, output switch, signals collecting and control circuit; External communication or DC power supply are connected with the main circuit input with the charging buffer circuit by rectification circuit, and the output of main circuit connects power consumption equipment by the output switch; Main circuit comprises the lithium power battery pack be made up of a plurality of lithium dynamical batteries, by super capacitor group and bidirectional switch that a plurality of super capacitors are formed, after lithium power battery pack and the bidirectional switch series connection, in parallel with the super capacitor group again; Signals collecting and control circuit comprise controller, busbar voltage transducer, lithium battery group voltage sensor, lithium battery flow sensor and output current transducer; The busbar voltage transducer is connected across the input of main circuit, and its signal output part is connected the signal input part of controller; Lithium battery group voltage sensor is connected across the two ends of lithium power battery pack, its signal output part is connected another signal input part of controller, the lithium battery flow sensor is connected between lithium power battery pack and the bidirectional switch, its signal output part is connected the 3rd signal input part of controller, the output current sensor string is associated between the anodal and output switch of output of main circuit, its signal output part is connected the 4th signal input part of controller, and the signal output part of controller connects the signal input part of bidirectional switch and output switch respectively.
2, the hybrid battery group of being made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 1 it is characterized in that: further comprising electrochemical capacitor (17), and electrochemical capacitor (17) is attempted by between output positive and negative of main circuit.
3, according to claim 1 or the 2 described hybrid battery groups of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor, it is characterized in that: further comprising the busbar voltage display circuit, this circuit is formed by current-limiting resistance (25) with along the light-emitting diode (26) that connects, is attempted by between output positive and negative of main circuit.
4, the hybrid battery group of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 3, it is characterized in that: described charging buffer circuit is made up of short circuit contactor (12) and charging current limiter resistance (13), and charging current limiter resistance (13) is connected across the two ends of short circuit contactor (12).
5, the hybrid battery group of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described lithium power battery pack is that the unit carries out connection in series-parallel and combines with single lithium dynamical battery, lithium dynamical battery adopts LiMn2O4 or the LiFePO 4 lithium dynamical battery of rated voltage in the 187V-242V scope, its number is determined by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single lithium dynamical battery, its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number.
6, the hybrid battery group of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 5, it is characterized in that: described super capacitor group is that the unit carries out tandem compound and forms with single super capacitor, single super capacitor adopts the bipolar ultracapacitor of the laminated type of rated voltage in the 280V-340V scope, its number is determined by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single super capacitor, its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number.
7, the hybrid battery group of forming by lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 4, it is characterized in that: described super capacitor group is that the unit carries out tandem compound and forms with single super capacitor, single super capacitor adopts the bipolar ultracapacitor of the laminated type of rated voltage in the 280V-340V scope, its number is determined by the magnitude of voltage of design voltage value and single super capacitor, its design voltage rated value=single voltage rating * number.
8, the hybrid battery group of being made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described rectification circuit adopts the uncontrollable rectifier system of full-wave rectifying circuit or bridge rectifier.
9, the hybrid battery group of being made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described rectification circuit adopts the controlled rectification mode of thyristor control.
10, according to claim 1 or the 2 described hybrid battery groups of being made up of lithium dynamical battery and super capacitor, it is characterized in that: described rectification circuit adopts the uncontrollable rectifier system of full-wave rectifying circuit or bridge rectifier.
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| CN2008100944065A CN101399452B (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Mixed battery pack comprising lithium power cell and super capacitor |
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| CN2008100944065A CN101399452B (en) | 2008-04-30 | 2008-04-30 | Mixed battery pack comprising lithium power cell and super capacitor |
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| CN101399452B CN101399452B (en) | 2011-07-06 |
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