CN100588074C - Hybrid accumulator for elevator and control method thereof - Google Patents
Hybrid accumulator for elevator and control method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN100588074C CN100588074C CN200610011628A CN200610011628A CN100588074C CN 100588074 C CN100588074 C CN 100588074C CN 200610011628 A CN200610011628 A CN 200610011628A CN 200610011628 A CN200610011628 A CN 200610011628A CN 100588074 C CN100588074 C CN 100588074C
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Abstract
The mixed energy storage device for elevator includes super capacitor bank, accumulator set, super capacitor charging and discharging circuit, charging and discharging circuit for accumulator, circuitfor controlling charging and discharging super capacitor, circuit for controlling charging accumulator, and circuit for controlling discharging accumulator. Through super capacitor charging and discharging circuit, DC bus is connected to super capacitor bank; and through charging circuit for accumulator, the super capacitor bank is connected to the accumulator set. Thus, energy flows to the accumulator set from the super capacitor bank. Through discharging circuit for accumulator, accumulator set is connected to DC bus; and energy flows to DC bus from the accumulator set. The invention realizes uninterrupted power supply and power buffering. Features are: minimizing installed capacity of super capacitor bank and accumulator set, optimizing working state, and prolonging service life.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of hybrid accumulator and control method thereof, particularly be used for the hybrid accumulator and the control method thereof of elevator.
Background technology
In the drive system of elevator, generally adopt the frequency converter type of drive.With the direct rectification of electrical network, and be flowed to dc bus, form a DC power-supply system, the control of conversion device drives elevator motor with variable voltage variable frequency mode work output three-phase alternating current.In this electric power system and since motor than strong nonlinearity, in the process that starts, quickens, can draw bigger power from dc bus, cause busbar voltage to reduce; And in the process of shutting down, slowing down, can cause busbar voltage to raise because motor is in generating state to the dc bus feed.The DC bus-bar voltage fluctuation is excessive, can influence the service behaviour of frequency converter and elevator auxiliary equipment.Therefore, generally will be between dc bus the configuration energy bleed-off circuit, but can cause bigger energy loss, reduced the economy of system.
In addition, when grid power blackout, take place that instantaneous voltage falls or when interrupting, if there is not standby energy to support, frequency converter and auxiliary equipment thereof can't be moved, give personnel, goods and equipment is made troubles even danger.The configuration energy storage device, as, chargeable storage, ultracapacitor, energy accumulation device for fly wheel etc. are at grid power blackout or take place that instantaneous voltage falls or when interrupting, can support for dc bus provides the energy of certain hour, arrive the position of safety with assurance personnel and goods.In addition, energy storage device can also play the effect of power buffer.When the bearing power demand was big, energy storage device output electric energy provided required power with electrical network, reduced the power output demand of electrical network; When motor generation feed, energy storage device absorbs a part of power, avoids busbar voltage too high, can save bleed-off circuit or reduce its installed capacity.
Chargeable storage is the very general energy storage device of a kind of application, as lead acid accumulator, nickel cadmium cell, nickel-hydrogen accumulator etc.Be applied to the electric power system of elevator, directly be connected, perhaps be connected with dc bus, as the emergency power supply or the power buffer of system by charge and discharge device with dc bus.U.S. Pat 6457565B2 discloses a kind of elevator emergency power supply.Electrical network to dc bus, adopts chargeable storage as energy storage device through tandem behind the rectifying and wave-filtering, and is connected with dc bus by the bidirectional power converter of chargeable/discharge, and when load was light, dc bus charged a battery by power inverter.When causing DC bus-bar voltage to raise owing to the feedback of motor generation energy, dc bus charges a battery by power inverter, and discharges when load is heavier to play the effect of power buffering.Work as grid power blackout, perhaps interruption in short-term takes place or when falling, storage battery releases energy to keep DC bus-bar voltage in normal scope, to guarantee the operate as normal of system by power inverter in line voltage.
As emergency power supply, there is certain weak point in chargeable storage.At first, chemical change can take place in storage battery electrode active material in the course of the work, causes the expansion and the contraction of electrode structure, causes the accumulator property decay.In the elevator supply system, because storage battery will constantly absorb or release energy, for guaranteeing that uninterrupted power supply also will often carry out the degree of depth and discharge and recharge, cause the storage battery shortening in useful life in the insecure area of mains supply, need often to change, increased the cost of system.Secondly, the capacity restoration time after the battery discharging is longer, after grid power blackout recovers, because the depth of discharge of storage battery is bigger, generally need just can make capacity restoration arrive certain level, cause the elevator will be after power failure through very long recovery time of safe operation once more through long time.The 3rd, the power density of storage battery is less, and the power of elevator is generally bigger, and for the assurance system normally moves when the grid power blackout, storage battery need be exported very big power.Therefore, in actual design, the very big batteries of configuration capacity,, improved the cost of system, reduced economy to satisfy the power demand of load.In addition, storage battery need often be safeguarded, and the difficult processing of the metal material after using, and can cause than serious environmental and pollute.
Ultracapacitor is a kind of novel energy-storing device that occurs in recent years, it is generally acknowledged that at present ultracapacitor comprises double electric layer capacitor (Electric Double Layer Capacitor) and electrochemical capacitor (Electrochemical Capacitor) two big classes.Wherein, double electric layer capacitor adopts active carbon with high specific surface area, and produces electric double layer capacitance based on the separation of charge on carbon electrode and the electrolyte interface and work.Electrochemical capacitor adopts RuO
2Make electrode Deng metal oxide containing precious metals, on the oxide electrode surface and body mutually redox reaction taking place and produces adsorption capacitance, be called pseudo capacitance again, can be divided into metal oxide and electroconductive polymer polymer two class electrochemical capacitors according to the difference of electrode material.Because the mechanism of production of pseudo capacitance is similar to battery, under the situation of identical electrodes area, its capacitance is several times of electric double layer capacitance; But the power characteristic of double electric layer capacitor transient large current discharge is better than Faradic electricity container.
Ultracapacitor has good power characteristic, greatly electric current, high efficiency, discharge and recharge apace.Because charge and discharge process is physical process all the time, the variation of electrochemical reaction and electrode structure does not take place, so its to recycle the life-span long.In addition, ultracapacitor has also that high temperature performance is good, energy judge simple accurately, plurality of advantages such as Maintenance free and environmental friendliness, just growingly become a kind of efficient, practical energy storage device.
U.S. Pat 6938733B2 discloses a kind of elevator emergency supply unit, and bank of super capacitors links to each other with dc bus by a kind of power adjustments equipment.When grid power blackout, electric voltage dropping or when interrupting, bank of super capacitors by power adjustments equipment to DC bus powered, with the operate as normal of keeping motor and elevator auxiliary equipment until arriving next floor.Bank of super capacitors can also constantly absorb or release energy by power adjustments equipment, plays the effect of power buffer, to guarantee that DC bus-bar voltage is stable and to be in the normal scope.
Although ultracapacitor has lot of advantages, its shortcoming is also more obvious.Its energy density is compared low with chargeable storage, the energy density of double electric layers supercapacitor approximately is 20% of an analysing valve control type lead-acid accumulator battery at present, also is unwell to jumbo electric power energy storage.Because the power of elevator is bigger, the duration is longer, if adopt ultracapacitor as emergency power supply, needs the capacity of configuration very big, can make the too huge heaviness of equipment like this.And the price of ultracapacitor is higher at present, and jumbo configuration like this has increased substantially the cost of system, has reduced economy.
If ultracapacitor is mixed use with chargeable storage, storage battery energy density is combined with characteristics such as the ultracapacitor power density are big, have extended cycle life greatly, bring very big performance to improve can for undoubtedly the electric power energy storage.Super hybrid accumulator has energy storage capacity and power capability preferably, can dwindle the volume of energy storage device, improves reliability.Storage battery can be optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process by certain mode and ultracapacitor parallel operation, reduces the charge and discharge cycles number of times, reduces internal loss, increases discharge time, increases the service life.Adopting the super capacitor accumulator energy storage device, can improve the technical performance and the economic performance of system significantly, is a well selection that solves present electric power energy storage problem.In the disclosed elevator emergency supply unit of U.S. Pat 6938733B2, in order to prolong the discharge time of emergency power supply, this patent has proposed to adopt the method for designing of chargeable storage and ultracapacitor combination, but does not provide the concrete assembled scheme and the energy management method of two kinds of energy storage devices.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of hybrid accumulator for elevator and control method, for it provides emergency service in power failure, electric voltage dropping or when interrupting; And can provide the power buffering for change the busbar voltage fluctuation that causes because of the motor operating mode, to keep the stability of busbar voltage, to save bleed-off circuit or to reduce its installed capacity.
Hybrid accumulator of the present invention is by bank of super capacitors, batteries, ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, battery charging circuit, battery discharging circuit, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit, storage battery charge control circuit, and the battery discharging control circuit is formed.Bank of super capacitors is connected with dc bus by the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, and be connected with batteries by battery charging circuit, batteries is connected with dc bus by the battery discharging circuit, the work of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, the work of storage battery charge control circuit control battery charging circuit, the work of battery discharging control circuit control battery discharging circuit.
Ultracapacitor can adopt double electric layer capacitor, also can adopt electrochemical capacitor.The monomer ultracapacitor is composed in series series arm earlier, with two or more series arm parallel connection, is combined into bank of super capacitors again, and concrete connection in series-parallel assembled scheme is wanted the actual conditions of viewing system and decided.In order to improve the capacity utilance of bank of super capacitors, and monomer voltage is limited to below the maximum operating voltage, bank of super capacitors can adopt the series average-voltage device, can also adopt the connection in series-parallel change-over circuit.Batteries also is to be together in series by a plurality of cells earlier to form series arm, more two or more series arms is composed in parallel batteries, and concrete connection in series-parallel assembled scheme is wanted the actual conditions of viewing system and decided.
The ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit generally is made up of non-isolation DC/DC power inverter, because therefore energy demand two-way flow in practical work process is designed to two-way DC/DC.The two-way DC/DC that the present invention adopts is actually by a voltage-dropping type BUCK circuit and a booster type BOOST combination of circuits and forms, and comprises two power switch pipes, two power diodes, an inductor, and two filter capacitors.Two shared inductors of circuit, each circuit all has a pair of power switch and power diode, and when a circuit working, a pair of power switch and the power diode of another circuit are not worked all the time, and vice versa.Two circuit have formed two-way DC/DC in different time period alternations.
The energy of battery charging circuit can only flow to batteries from bank of super capacitors, can be booster type, voltage-dropping type, perhaps buck-boost type, the design of concrete topological structure will be with reference to the capacity and the combining structure of the capacity of batteries and combining structure, bank of super capacitors.The voltage undulation scope is very big in the course of the work to consider bank of super capacitors, and the voltage undulation scope of batteries is less, therefore, the present invention adopts step-down/up type DC/DC (BUCK-BOOST), by a power switch pipe, a power diode, an inductor, and a filtering capacitor is formed.This power inverter is negative polarity output.When the power switch pipe conducting, the inductor storage power, when power switch pipe disconnected, inductor was given the filtering capacitor energy storage by power diode, by the filtering capacitor powering load.
The energy of battery discharging circuit can only flow to dc bus from batteries, can be booster type, voltage-dropping type, perhaps buck-boost type.Because the voltage of dc bus is higher, so the present invention adopts boost type DC/DC (BOOST), by a power switch pipe, and a power diode, an inductor, and a filtering capacitor is formed.When the power switch pipe conducting, inductor energy storage energy, when power switch pipe disconnected, power supply was connected with inductor and is provided energy to load, and output voltage is greater than supply voltage.
Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit, storage battery charge control circuit, battery discharging control circuit mainly comprise signal sampling unit, A/D converting unit, user instruction unit, calculation control unit (CPU), isolation drive unit etc., and concrete control and management process is then realized by software programming.
The state parameter of signal sampling unit detection system comprises terminal voltage, temperature, density of electrolyte, the charging and discharging currents of batteries; The terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors, charging and discharging currents; The terminal voltage of dc bus and rate of change thereof; The position of elevator, loading capacity, speed, acceleration etc.; And line voltage, interruption duration, voltage interruption time and electric voltage dropping degree etc.System detects these parameters by the signal sampling unit, produces the correspondent voltage signal, gives A/D converting unit, and the A/D converting unit is given calculation control unit with the digital signal of conversion, as the suction parameter of system's control.
User instruction is accepted in the user instruction unit, comprises the lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc., and gives calculation control unit with these instructions, as the suction parameter of system's control.
Hybrid accumulator of the present invention and control method thereof are realizing under the prerequisite of described function, strive efficiently, energy-conservation, and can reduce the installed capacity of bank of super capacitors and batteries, prolong the useful life of storage battery, improve economy.Its control thought basic principle comprise following some.
First, give full play to the unsteady flow control action of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, battery charging circuit, battery discharging circuit, the capacity of reasonable disposition batteries and bank of super capacitors, realization is satisfied bigger power demand and energy requirement with less capacity, reduces the installation cost of energy storage device.
Second, control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, make the energy exchange between dc bus and the hybrid accumulator, occur on the ultracapacitor as much as possible, and occur in as few as possible on the storage battery, with give full play to the ultracapacitor power density big, have extended cycle life, efficiency for charge-discharge is high and fireballing advantage.
The 3rd, control battery charging circuit and battery discharging circuit make the charging and discharging of accumulator process be in the optimization state as far as possible, and reduce charging and discharging of accumulator circulation or partial circulating number of times, perhaps reduce depth of discharge, to prolong the useful life of storage battery.
The 4th, state-of-charge, elevator state according to electric network state, energy storage device, and system information such as user instruction, judge power and energy that hybrid accumulator need be exported in advance, control the course of work of bank of super capacitors and batteries timely and accurately, improve the capability of fast response of energy storage device.
The course of work of the present invention is before elevator brings into operation, to bank of super capacitors and battery charging, to make it be in certain state-of-charge according to certain mode.Adopt bigger electric current to charge, with the mode accumulators group charging of optimizing, as constant current charge or pulse current charge etc. to bank of super capacitors.
Elevator is drawn bigger power by frequency converter from dc bus in startup, accelerator, cause busbar voltage to descend, when line voltage takes place to interrupt in short-term, when falling, also can cause busbar voltage to descend.When busbar voltage was lower than certain set point, bank of super capacitors was given DC bus powered by charge-discharge circuit, and the size of power output will be decided on the power variation rate of bus.Generally speaking, only just can satisfy the peak power requirements of system by bank of super capacitors, but when bank of super capacitors causes terminal voltage to be lower than certain set point because of discharge, when perhaps judging the batteries needs and discharge certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, batteries provides required power and energy with bank of super capacitors to dc bus by battery discharging circuit constant-current discharge.
When the feedback of motor generation energy, the voltage of dc bus will raise.When being higher than certain set point, dc bus charges to bank of super capacitors by the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, and charge power will be decided on the power variation rate of dc bus.Generally speaking, only charge and just can reach the purpose of absorption peak power to bank of super capacitors, but when the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors is higher than certain set point, when perhaps judging the batteries needs and absorb certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, bank of super capacitors is by battery charging circuit accumulators group charging, and charging modes can be the constant current charge optimized or pulse current charge etc.
When grid power blackout, hybrid accumulator need provide certain power and energy to dc bus, starts and the output electric energy to guarantee that standby Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) is reliable, guarantees that perhaps power consumption equipment can safe shutdown, and perhaps operation is powered until power system restoration continuously.Control battery discharging circuit makes the current constant mode discharge of batteries to optimize, and the power of output equals the average power of elevator load; Control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit makes bank of super capacitors that elevator peak power in the course of the work is provided.
For elevator in the high-rise tour tower and mine hoist, because anchor point seldom needs to move very long distance after power failure, elevator could arrive anchor point, and accessory power supply need be supported the long period.Also have some particular application, need elevator after power failure, to move a few hours continuously.Adopt hybrid accumulator, can give full play to the big advantage of storage battery energy density, control battery discharging circuit makes the constant current way of output discharge of batteries to optimize.The length of support time depends primarily on the capacity of batteries.
When power system restoration just often, in order to guarantee trouble free service (the short at interval situation of twice interruption duration might occur), elevator can not be worked immediately, and need charge to hybrid accumulator according to certain mode.Adopt bigger electric current to charge, with the method accumulators group charging of optimizing to bank of super capacitors.When the state-of-charge of batteries and bank of super capacitors reached set point, elevator just can be reworked.
The present invention adopts mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator, and is equipped with effective control method, has the following advantages:
(1) adopt mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator, can give full play to the big and ultracapacitor power density of storage battery energy density greatly, have extended cycle life, discharge and recharge the advantage that speed is fast and energy storage efficiency is high, make energy storage device have good technical performance.
(2) owing to battery charging circuit, battery discharging circuit, and the effect of control circuit, can optimize the charging and discharging of accumulator process, reduce charging and discharging of accumulator partial circulating number of times, perhaps reduce the depth of discharge when discharging and recharging partial circulating, increase the service life.
(3) because ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit and control ability thereof, the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors and DC bus-bar voltage can be very different, satisfying under the prerequisite of same power demand, the capacity usage ratio of ultracapacitor greatly improves, reduce the installed capacity of bank of super capacitors, reduced system cost.
(4) owing to battery charging circuit, battery discharging circuit, and the unsteady flow effect of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, can be very different between the terminal voltage of the terminal voltage of batteries, the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors and dc bus, make the structural arrangements of bank of super capacitors and batteries more flexible.
(5) when the feedback of motor produce power,, can absorb instantaneous high-power on the dc bus effectively by the control action of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit, do not need to adopt bleed-off circuit, perhaps can reduce the installed capacity of bleed-off circuit significantly, reduce energy consumption, improve economy.
(6) storage battery only passes through one-level DC/DC to DC bus powered, has reduced energy loss, has improved the discharging efficiency of storage battery.
The present invention mixes use with ultracapacitor with chargeable storage, storage battery energy density is combined with characteristics such as the ultracapacitor power density are big, have extended cycle life greatly, has improved the performance of power energy storing device.The mixed energy accumulation of super capacitor accumulator device has energy storage capacity and power I/O capability preferably, can dwindle the volume of energy storage device, improves reliability.Storage battery can be optimized the charging and discharging of accumulator process by certain mode and ultracapacitor parallel operation, reduces the charge and discharge cycles number of times, reduces internal loss, increases discharge time, increases the service life.Adopting the super capacitor accumulator energy storage device, can improve the technical performance and the economic performance of system significantly, is a well selection that solves present electric power energy storage problem, uses it for elevator, has advantage clearly.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the operation principle block diagram that hybrid accumulator of the present invention is applied to the elevator supply system;
Fig. 2 is the two-way DC/DC converter principle figure of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the unidirectional DC/DC converter principle figure of battery charging circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the unidirectional DC/DC converter principle figure of battery discharging circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the theory diagram of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is the theory diagram of storage battery charge control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the theory diagram of battery discharging control circuit of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is hybrid accumulator of the present invention precharge control flow chart before the elevator operation;
Fig. 9 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when busbar voltage descends;
Figure 10 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when the energy feedback takes place load;
Figure 11 is the control flow chart of hybrid accumulator of the present invention when grid power blackout;
Figure 12 is the operation principle block diagram that hybrid accumulator of the present invention is applied to many elevator supplies system.
Embodiment
Further specify the present invention below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments.
As shown in Figure 1, lift appliance of the present invention comprises rectifier 200, dc bus 11, bus filter capacitor 300, bleed-off circuit 100, frequency converter 901, motor and load 902 thereof.Wherein, bleed-off circuit 100 is connected in parallel with dc bus 11, comprises the bleeder resistance 101 and the control switch 102 of releasing.The three-phase alternating current of electrical network is exported termination dc bus 11 through rectifier 200 rectifications, and 300 pairs of dc buss of bus filter capacitor 11 carry out filtering, and the input of frequency converter 901 is connected with dc bus 11, the three-phase alternating current drive motors of output and load 902 thereof.
The hybrid accumulator that the present invention is used for elevator comprises bank of super capacitors 10, batteries 20, ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, battery charging circuit 40, battery discharging circuit 50, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60, storage battery charge control circuit 70, and battery discharging control circuit 80.Bank of super capacitors 10 is connected with dc bus 11 by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, and bank of super capacitors 10 also is connected with batteries 20 by battery charging circuit 40, and batteries 20 is connected with dc bus 11 by battery discharging circuit 50.Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuits 30 have determined the energy exchange processes between bank of super capacitors 10 and the dc bus 11.Before elevator was started working, dc bus 11 gave bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charging circuit 30 with bigger power, reaches set point until its state-of-charge.Storage battery charge control circuit 70 is controlled battery charging circuits 40, has determined the charging process of 10 pairs of batteries 20 of bank of super capacitors.Before elevator was started working, bank of super capacitors 10 reached set point by the current constant mode or 20 chargings of pulse mode accumulators group of battery charging circuit 40 to optimize until its state-of-charge.Battery discharging control circuit 80 is controlled battery discharging circuit 50, has determined the discharge process of 20 pairs of dc buss 11 of batteries.In the course of the work, storage battery charge control circuit 70 and battery discharging control circuit 80 control battery charging circuit 40 and battery discharging circuit 50 are judged the output of batteries 20 needs or power and the energy imported according to system mode and user instruction.When batteries 20 need provide certain energy in the specific time, control battery discharging circuit 50 made the current constant mode discharge of batteries 20 to optimize.When batteries 20 need absorb certain energy in the specific time, control battery charging circuit 40 made current constant mode or the pulse mode charging of batteries 20 to optimize.
Figure 2 shows that the two-way DC/DC converter of ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30 of the present invention.By controlled power switching tube 32,34, power diode 33,35, inductance 31, filtering capacitor 36,37, port 38,39 is formed.One end 31a of inductance 31 is connected with the anode 38a of port 38; The other end 31b of inductance 31 is connected with the collector electrode 32a of power switch pipe 32, and be connected with the negative electrode 33a of power diode 33, the emitter 32b of power switch pipe 32 is connected with the anode 33b of diode 33, and is connected with the negative terminal 38b of port 38 and the negative terminal 39b of port 39; The other end 31b of inductance 31 is connected with the emitter 34a of power switch pipe 34, and is connected with the anode 35a of power diode 35, and the collector electrode 34b of power switch pipe 34 is connected with the negative electrode 35b of diode 35, and is connected with the anode 39a of port 39; Filtering capacitor 36 is connected in parallel with port 38, and filtering capacitor 37 is connected in parallel with port 39.Wherein, controlled power switching tube 32 and 34 includes but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc., and present embodiment adopts the IPM module that IGBT device for power switching and drive circuit thereof are integrated, and this inside modules has overcurrent, overheat protective function.When port 38 as input, port 39 is during as output, circuit is step-up DC/DC, power switch pipe 34 and 33 ends, power switch pipe 32 is as gate-controlled switch, with the course of work of power diode 35 control circuits.When port 39 as input, port 38 is during as output, circuit is voltage-dropping type DC/DC, power switch pipe 32 and 35 ends, power switch pipe 34 is as gate-controlled switch, with the work of power diode 33 control circuits.Because the voltage of dc bus 11 is higher, therefore, port 38 is connected with bank of super capacitors 10, and port 39 is connected with dc bus 11.When energy when bank of super capacitors 10 flows to dc bus 11, be step-up DC/DC, when energy when dc bus 11 flows to bank of super capacitors 10, be voltage-dropping type DC/DC.
Figure 3 shows that the unidirectional DC/DC converter of battery charging circuit 40 of the present invention.By controlled power switching tube 42, power diode 45, inductance 41, filtering capacitor 47, port 48,49 is formed.The collector electrode 42a of power switch pipe 42 is connected with the anode 48a of port 48; The emitter 42b of power switch pipe 42 is connected with an end 41a of inductance 41, and be connected with the negative electrode 45a of power diode 45, the other end 41b of inductance 41 is connected with the anode 49a of the negative terminal 48b of port 48 and port 49, and the anode 55b of power diode 45 is connected with the negative terminal 49b of port 49; Filtering capacitor 47 is connected in parallel with port 49.Wherein, controlled power switching tube 42 includes but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc., and present embodiment adopts the IPM module that IGBT device for power switching and drive circuit thereof are integrated, and this inside modules has overcurrent, overheat protective function.Port 48 connects bank of super capacitors 10, and port 49 connects batteries 20, and energy can only flow to batteries 20 from bank of super capacitors 10, is the buck structure.
Figure 4 shows that the unidirectional DC/DC converter of battery discharging circuit 50 of the present invention.By controlled power switching tube 52, power diode 55, inductance 51, filtering capacitor 57, port 58,59 is formed.One end 51a of inductance 51 is connected with the anode 58a of port 58; The other end 51b of inductance 51 is connected with the collector electrode 52a of power switch pipe 52, and be connected with the anode 55a of power diode 55 end, the 52b end of power switch pipe 52 is connected with the negative terminal 58b of port 58 and the negative terminal 59b of port 59, and the negative electrode 55b of power diode 55 is connected with the anode 59a of port 59; Filtering capacitor 57 is connected in parallel with port 59.Wherein, controlled power switching tube 52 includes but not limited to MOSFET, IGBT, IGCT etc., and present embodiment adopts the IPM module that IGBT device for power switching and drive circuit thereof are integrated, and this inside modules has overcurrent, overheat protective function.Because the voltage of dc bus 11 is higher, therefore, port 58 connects batteries 20, and port 59 connects dc bus 11, and energy can only flow to dc bus 11 from batteries 20, is the structure of boosting.
As shown in Figure 5, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 of the present invention comprises signal sampling unit 61, A/D converting unit 62, user instruction unit 63, calculation control unit 64, and isolation drive unit 65.Wherein, calculation control unit 64 includes but not limited to digital signal processor DSP, single-chip microcomputer, embedded system etc.Signal sampling unit 61 adopts voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, velocity transducer, acceleration transducer, position transducer, concentration sensor, LOAD CELLS that the state parameter of system is sampled respectively, comprise, line voltage, busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 and charging and discharging currents, the voltage of batteries 20, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents etc.Output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit 62, and A/D converting unit 62 is given calculation control unit 64 with the digital signal of conversion.Calculation control unit 64 is given with user instruction in user instruction unit 63, comprises lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc.Calculation control unit 64 is given isolation drive unit 65 according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, and drives the power switch pipe 32 and 34 in the ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, realizes control procedure.The control procedure of setting comprises: before the elevator operation, power controlling switching tube 32 ends, and driving power switching tube 34, dc bus 11 are given bank of super capacitors 10 and battery charging circuit 40 power supplies; In the startup of elevator, accelerator, power controlling switching tube 34 ends, driving power switching tube 32, and bank of super capacitors 10 provides energy to dc bus 11; In elevator produce power regeneration processes, power controlling switching tube 32 ends, and driving power switching tube 34, dc bus 11 are given bank of super capacitors 10 and battery charging circuit 40 power supplies; In the grid power blackout process, power controlling switching tube 34 ends, and driving power switching tube 32 provides energy to dc bus 11.
As shown in Figure 6, storage battery charge control circuit 70 of the present invention comprises signal sampling unit 71, A/D converting unit 72, user instruction unit 73, calculation control unit 74, and isolation drive unit 75.Wherein, calculation control unit 74 includes but not limited to digital signal processor DSP, single-chip microcomputer, embedded system etc.Signal sampling unit 71 adopts voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, velocity transducer, acceleration transducer, position transducer, concentration sensor, LOAD CELLS that the state parameter of system is sampled respectively, comprise, line voltage, busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 and charging and discharging currents, the voltage of batteries 20, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents etc.Output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit 72, and A/D converting unit 72 is given calculation control unit 74 with the digital signal of conversion.Calculation control unit 74 is given with user instruction in user instruction unit 73, comprises lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc.Calculation control unit 74 is given isolation drive unit 75 according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, and drives the power switch pipe 42 in the ultracapacitor charging circuit 40, realizes control procedure.The control procedure of setting comprises: before the elevator operation, and driving power switching tube 42,20 chargings of bank of super capacitors 10 accumulators groups; In elevator produce power regeneration processes, if the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 is higher than set point, driving power switching tube 42,20 chargings of bank of super capacitors 10 accumulators groups.
As shown in Figure 7, battery discharging control circuit 80 of the present invention comprises signal sampling unit 81, A/D converting unit 82, user instruction unit 83, calculation control unit 84, and isolation drive unit 85.Wherein, calculation control unit 84 includes but not limited to digital signal processor DSP, single-chip microcomputer, embedded system etc.Signal sampling unit 81 adopts voltage sensor, current sensor, temperature sensor, velocity transducer, acceleration transducer, position transducer, concentration sensor, LOAD CELLS that the state parameter of system is sampled respectively, comprise, line voltage, busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 and charging and discharging currents, the voltage of batteries 20, temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents etc.Output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit 82, and A/D converting unit 82 is given calculation control unit 84 with the digital signal of conversion.Calculation control unit 84 is given with user instruction in user instruction unit 83, comprises lifting, purpose floor of elevator etc.Calculation control unit 84 is given isolation drive unit 85 according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, and drives the power switch pipe 52 in the ultracapacitor discharge circuit 50, realizes control procedure.The control procedure of setting comprises, in the startup of elevator, accelerator, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors 10 drops to certain set point, and driving power switching tube 52, batteries 20 provides energy to dc bus 11; In the grid power blackout process, driving power switching tube 52, batteries 20 provides energy to dc bus 11.
In actual applications, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60, storage battery charge control circuit 70, and battery discharging control circuit 80 shared signal collecting units, A/D converting unit, and user instruction unit, calculation control unit can adopt a CPU, also can adopt a plurality of CPU, has the data communication passage between a plurality of CPU.
Elevator is before bringing into operation, and electrical network gives dc bus 11 power supplies by rectifier 200, for it sets up operating voltage.Hybrid accumulator begins precharge, and charging process as shown in Figure 8.Dc bus 11 gives bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, and charge power is bigger, so that its state-of-charge reaches the requirement of setting quickly.In this course of work, power switch pipe 32 turn-offs all the time, the drive signal power controlling switching tube 34 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 outputs, and control dc bus 11 is to the power supply process of bank of super capacitors 10.Simultaneously, bank of super capacitors 10 adopts current constant mode or the pulse mode charging optimized by 20 chargings of battery charging circuit 40 accumulators groups.In this course of work, storage battery charge control circuit 70 output control signal driving power switching tubes 42, control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of batteries 20.When the state-of-charge of bank of super capacitors 10 and batteries 20 has reached set point, stop charging, elevator is ready, can move.
Elevator is in startup, accelerator, and power demand strengthens, and can cause dc bus 11 voltages to reduce; In addition, interrupt, when falling, can cause that also dc bus 11 voltages reduce when line voltage.Hybrid accumulator is to dc bus 11 power supplies, so that its voltage maintains in certain scope, process as shown in Figure 9.Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuits 30 make bank of super capacitors 10 to dc bus 11 power supplies.In this course of work, power switch pipe 34 turn-offs all the time, the control signal driving power switching tube 32 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 outputs, and control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of dc bus 11.Generally speaking, only just can satisfy system requirements by the discharge of bank of super capacitors 10, but when causing its terminal voltage to drop to certain set point when bank of super capacitors 10 continuous discharges, when perhaps judging batteries 20 needs and discharge certain power and energy according to system mode and user instruction, battery discharging control circuit 80 control battery discharging circuit 50, batteries 20 gives dc bus 11 power supplies with bank of super capacitors 10.In this process, battery discharging control circuit 80 output control signal driving power switching tubes 52, control batteries 20 is to the power supply process of dc bus 11.Detect the state-of-charge of bank of super capacitors 10 and batteries 20, if be lower than certain set point, the control elevator safety is shut down, and hybrid accumulator is stopped power supply.
Elevator is in deceleration, stopping process, and motor is in generating state, and passes through frequency converter 901 to dc bus 11 feeds, causes its voltage to raise.When being higher than set point, hybrid accumulator absorbs this part power and energy in some way, and process as shown in figure 10.Dc bus 11 gives bank of super capacitors 10 chargings by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30.In this course of work, power switch pipe 32 turn-offs all the time, the drive signal power controlling switching tube 34 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 outputs, and control dc bus 11 is to the power supply process of bank of super capacitors 10.Generally speaking, just can reach the purpose of absorption peak power only for bank of super capacitors 10 chargings, but when causing its terminal voltage to rise to certain set point when bank of super capacitors 10 lasting chargings, when perhaps judging batteries 20 needs and absorb certain power and energy according to system information and user instruction, bank of super capacitors 10 is by 20 chargings of battery charging circuit 40 accumulators groups.In this process, storage battery charge control circuit 70 output drive signal power controlling switching tubes 42, control bank of super capacitors 10 is to the power supply process of batteries 20.General batteries 20 works in the constant current charge or the pulse current charge mode of optimization.When the state-of-charge of bank of super capacitors 10 and batteries 20 reaches set point and dc bus 11 voltages when still being higher than set point, control switch 102 closures in the bleed-off circuit 100, dc bus 11 is by bleeder resistance 101 discharges, drop to set point until voltage, control switch 102 disconnects.
When grid power blackout, provide the normal operation of elevator required power and energy by hybrid accumulator, realize uninterrupted power supply, process is as shown in figure 11.To dc bus 11 power supplies, export by batteries 20 constant currents by battery discharging circuit 50 for batteries 20, and its power output equals the average power in the running process of elevator.In this process, battery discharging control circuit 80 output drive signal power controlling switching tubes 52, control batteries 20 is to the power supply process of dc bus 11.To dc bus 11 power supplies, be mainly used in provides the peak power requirements of elevator when startup, acceleration to bank of super capacitors 10 by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit 30, and absorbs the peak power of dc bus 11 in processes such as deceleration of elevator, shutdown.In this process, the drive signal power controlling switching tube 32 of ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit 60 output and power switch pipe 34 are realized the two-way flow of energy in different time period alternations.The hybrid accumulator continuous firing continues to move to next floor and opens elevator door until elevator, and perhaps other power plant for emergency starts and the output electric energy, and perhaps operation is powered until power system restoration continuously.If interruption duration is long, the state-of-charge of batteries 20 and bank of super capacitors 10 is lower than the lower limit of setting, and system controls elevator at suitable floor safe shutdown, and stops the power supply of hybrid accumulator.
Figure 12 is the Application Example of hybrid accumulator of the present invention in many elevator supplies system.On the basis of system shown in Figure 1, electrical network is given dc bus 11 by rectification circuit 200 rectifications and with the direct current that produces, dc bus 11 drives the load 90 that many groups are made up of frequency converter 901 and motor 902, in the present embodiment, all lift appliances are by dc bus 11 shared cover bleed-off circuits 100 (comprising the vent discharge group 101 and the control switch 102 of releasing).
The course of work of hybrid accumulator and control method are to embodiment illustrated in fig. 1 similar.The advantage of present embodiment is, drive many group loads 90 by dc bus 11, can give full play to the energy complement effect that has because of the course of work is asynchronous between each load, can further dwindle the installed capacity of hybrid accumulator like this, can reduce the operating time of hybrid accumulator, improve the energy utilization efficiency of system.
Claims (8)
1, a kind of hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator, it is characterized in that: comprise bank of super capacitors [10], batteries [20], ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], battery charging circuit [40], battery discharging circuit [50], ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [60], storage battery charge control circuit [70], and battery discharging control circuit [80]; Bank of super capacitors [10] is connected with dc bus [11] in the elevator supply system by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], bank of super capacitors [10] is connected with batteries [20] by battery charging circuit [40], and batteries [20] is connected with dc bus [11] by battery discharging circuit [50]; Ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] but form by the non-isolation DC/DC converter of energy two-way flow, battery charging circuit [40] is made up of the non-isolation DC/DC converter of energy one-way flow, and battery discharging circuit [50] is made up of the non-isolation DC/DC converter of energy one-way flow; Ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [60] comprises signal sampling unit [61], A/D converting unit [62], user instruction unit [63], calculation control unit [64] and isolation drive unit [65]; Storage battery charge control circuit [70] comprises signal sampling unit [71], A/D converting unit [72], user instruction unit [73], calculation control unit [74] and isolation drive unit [75]; Battery discharging control circuit [80] comprises signal sampling unit [81], A/D converting unit [82], user instruction unit [83], calculation control unit [84] and isolation drive unit [85];
In the ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [60], the state parameter of electrical network, dc bus [11], elevator, bank of super capacitors [10] and batteries [20] is gathered in signal sampling unit [61], output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [62], A/D converting unit [62] is given calculation control unit [64] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [64] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [63], and calculation control unit [64] output control signal is given isolation drive unit [65]; In storage battery charge control circuit [70], the state parameter of electrical network, dc bus [11], elevator, bank of super capacitors [10] and batteries [20] is gathered in signal sampling unit [71], output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [72], A/D converting unit [72] is given calculation control unit [74] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [74] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [73], and calculation control unit [74] output control signal is given isolation drive unit [75]; In battery discharging control circuit [80], the state parameter of electrical network, dc bus [11], elevator, bank of super capacitors [10] and batteries [20] is gathered in signal sampling unit [81], output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [82], A/D converting unit [82] is given calculation control unit [84] with the digital signal of conversion, calculation control unit [84] is given with user instruction in user instruction unit [83], and calculation control unit [84] output control signal is given isolation drive unit [85].
2, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that: ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] but the non-isolation DC/DC converter of energy two-way flow form by the first and second controlled power switching tubes [32,34], first and second power diodes [33,35], first inductance [31], first and second filtering capacitors [36,37], first and second ports [38,39]; One end [31a] of first inductance [31] is connected with the anode [38a] of first port [38]; The other end [31b] of first inductance [31] is connected with the collector electrode [32a] of the first controlled power switching tube [32], and be connected with the negative electrode [33a] of first power diode [33], the emitter [32b] of the first controlled power switching tube [32] is connected with the anode [33b] of first power diode [33], and is connected with the negative terminal [38b] of first port [38] and the negative terminal [39b] of second port [39]; The other end [31b] of first inductance [31] is connected with the emitter [34a] of the second controlled power switching tube [34], and be connected with the anode [35a] of second power diode [35], the collector electrode [34b] of the second controlled power switching tube [34] is connected with the negative electrode [35b] of second power diode [35], and is connected with the anode [39a] of second port [39]; First filtering capacitor [36] is connected in parallel with first port [38], and second filtering capacitor [37] is connected in parallel with second port [39], and first port [38] is connected with bank of super capacitors [10], and second port [39] is connected with dc bus [11].
3, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that: the non-isolation DC of the energy one-way flow of battery charging circuit [40]/DC converter is made up of the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42], the 3rd power diode [45], second inductance [41], the 3rd filtering capacitor [47], first input end mouth [48] and first output port [49]; The collector electrode [42a] of the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42] is connected with the anode [48a] of first input end mouth [48]; The emitter [42b] of the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42] is connected with an end [41a] of second inductance [41], and be connected with the negative electrode [45a] of the 3rd power diode [45], the other end [41b] of second inductance [41] is connected with the anode [49a] of the negative terminal [48b] of first input end mouth [48] and first output port [49], and the anode [45b] of the 3rd power diode [45] is connected with the negative terminal [49b] of first output port [49]; The 3rd filtering capacitor [47] is connected in parallel with first output port [49], and first input end mouth [48] is connected with bank of super capacitors [10], and first output port [49] is connected with batteries [20].
4, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that: the non-isolation DC of the energy one-way flow of battery discharging circuit [50]/DC converter is made up of the 4th controlled power switching tube [52], the 4th power diode [55], the 3rd inductance [51], the 4th filtering capacitor [57], second input port [58] and second output port [59]; One end [51a] of the 3rd inductance [51] is connected with the anode [58a] of second input port [58]; The other end [51b] of the 3rd inductance [51] is connected with the collector electrode [52a] of the 4th controlled power switching tube [52], and be connected with the anode [55a] of the 4th power diode [55], the emitter [52b] of the 4th controlled power switching tube [52] is connected with the negative terminal [59b] of the negative terminal [58b] of second input port [58] and second output port [59], and the negative electrode [55b] of the 4th power diode [55] is connected with the anode [59a] of second output port [59]; The 4th filtering capacitor [57] is connected in parallel with second output port [59], and second input port [58] is connected with batteries [20], and second output port [59] is connected with dc bus [11].
5, the hybrid accumulator that is used for elevator as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described hybrid accumulator is applied to the electric power system of many elevators, each elevator motor [902] links to each other with dc bus [11] by frequency converter [901], and a shared bleed-off circuit [100].
6, a kind of described control method that is used for the hybrid accumulator of elevator of claim 4 that is used for, signal sampling unit [61] the sampling line voltage that it is characterized in that ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [60], busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage and the charging and discharging currents of bank of super capacitors [10], voltage, temperature, density of electrolyte and the charging and discharging currents of batteries [20], output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [62], and A/D converting unit [62] is given calculation control unit [64] with the digital signal of conversion; User instruction unit [63] is sent to calculation control unit [64] with user instruction, calculation control unit [64] is according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, through isolation drive unit [65], the first and second controlled power switching tubes [32,34] in the control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30] are realized control procedure; The control procedure of setting comprises: before the elevator operation, control the first controlled power switching tube [32] and end, drive the second controlled power switching tube [34], dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] and battery charging circuit [40] power supply; In the startup of elevator, accelerator, control the second controlled power switching tube [34] and end, drive the first controlled power switching tube [32], bank of super capacitors [10] provides energy to dc bus [11]; In elevator produce power regeneration processes, control the first controlled power switching tube [32] and end, drive the second controlled power switching tube [34], dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] and battery charging circuit [40] power supply; In the grid power blackout process, control the second controlled power switching tube [34] and end, drive the first controlled power switching tube [32], bank of super capacitors [10] provides energy to dc bus [11];
Signal sampling unit [71] the sampling line voltage of storage battery charge control circuit [70], busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage and the charging and discharging currents of bank of super capacitors [10], the voltage of batteries [20], temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents, output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [72], A/D converting unit [72] is given calculation control unit [74] with the digital signal of conversion, user instruction unit [73] sends user instruction to calculation control unit [74], calculation control unit [74] is according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, through isolation drive unit [75], drive the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42] in the battery charging circuit [40], realize control procedure; The control procedure of setting comprises, before the elevator operation, drives the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42], bank of super capacitors [10] accumulators group [20] charging; In elevator produce power regeneration processes,, drive the 3rd controlled power switching tube [42], bank of super capacitors [10] accumulators group [20] charging if when the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors [10] is higher than set point;
Signal sampling unit [81] the sampling line voltage of battery discharging control circuit [80], busbar voltage, the position of elevator, loading capacity, speed and acceleration, the voltage and the charging and discharging currents of bank of super capacitors [10], the voltage of batteries [20], temperature, density of electrolyte and charging and discharging currents, output voltage signal is given A/D converting unit [82], A/D converting unit [82] is given calculation control unit [84] with the digital signal of conversion, user instruction unit [83] sends user instruction to calculation control unit [84], calculation control unit [84] is according to the control procedure output control signal of setting, through isolation drive unit [85], drive the 4th controlled power switching tube [52] in the battery discharging circuit [50], realize control procedure; The control procedure of setting comprises: in the startup of elevator, accelerator, if the terminal voltage of bank of super capacitors [10] drops to certain set point, drive the 4th controlled power switching tube [52], batteries [20] provides energy to dc bus [11]; In the grid power blackout process, drive the 4th controlled power switching tube [52], batteries [20] provides energy to dc bus [11].
7, the control method that is used for the hybrid accumulator of elevator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: before elevator is started working, ultracapacitor charge-discharge control circuit [60] control ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30], dc bus [11] is given bank of super capacitors [10] charging by ultracapacitor charge-discharge circuit [30]; Simultaneously, storage battery charge control circuit [70] control battery charging circuit [40], bank of super capacitors [10] with the charging of current constant mode or pulse mode accumulators group [20], reaches set point until the state-of-charge of bank of super capacitors [10] and batteries [20] by battery charging circuit [40].
8, the control method that is used for the hybrid accumulator of elevator as claimed in claim 6, it is characterized in that: storage battery charge control circuit [70] and battery discharging control circuit [80] are controlled battery charging circuit [40] and battery discharging circuit [50] respectively, judge that according to system mode and user instruction batteries [20] needs the power and the energy of output or input; When batteries [20] need provide energy, control battery discharging circuit [50] made batteries [20] discharge with current constant mode; When batteries [20] needed to absorb energy, control battery charging circuit [40] made batteries [20] with current constant mode or pulse mode charging.
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