CN101393359A - 具有多个光闸的光开关 - Google Patents
具有多个光闸的光开关 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种显示器,包括在背光上层并且具有至少两个光闸的光开关,光闸本身不利用其形状传达信息。背光的照亮区域等于或大于在照亮区域中的光闸的面积总和。该显示器还可以包括在光开关上层的图形层。通过改变图形层改变显示器的信息内容。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及显示器,并且特别涉及具有多个光闸的显示器,其每一个是整个显示器的一个重要部分,并且其本身不显示信息但是提高被显示信息的清晰度。
术语
在这里所使用的,“显示器”是给观察者提供视觉形式信息的装置。
“图形”可以是文本、符号、任意形状或者它们的一些组合。图形可以是半透明的、扩散的、画有阴影线的、有颜色的、剪影或轮廓,或者是它们的一些组合。图形可以是正片(黑在白上)或者负片(白在黑上),这里白是扩散的、阴影的等等。
“像素”是在单个边界内的图形单元。
“EL灯”是厚膜、电容性装置,其包括在两个电极之间包含电致发光荧光体的层。当电压施加到电极上时荧光体发光。
“厚膜”EL灯指一种类型的EL灯并且“薄膜”EL灯指另一种类型的EL灯。术语仅仅宽泛地涉及真实厚度并且实际上限定了不同的要求。薄的厚膜EL灯在术语上不矛盾,并且这种灯比薄膜EL灯明显要厚。
“不透明”不意味着没有光透过,仅仅是透光量基本上被减小到例如入射光的百分之十。
“荧光体”不限于一种类型的荧光体或掺杂剂,并且不排除用于颜色增强的层叠荧光体或颜料。
“上层的”或“下层的”不意味方向,并且仅仅描述一种情况,其中材料层具有较大的互相面对的主表面,接触或者不接触。表面不必是平面。
背景技术
存在已经被用于显示信息的多种技术。一种类型,液晶,最初限于以相对大的段的七段来显示数字。随着技术的改进,不但能在和以前相同的区域中填入更多的信息,而且可得到彩色。为了避免单调,设计图标以传达代表简单、普遍和漂亮的信息。结果是,现代显示可以是大量数据、一些符号、一些文字,用户很大程度上必须通过忽略其中一些而适应。
已经发现一些数据当以图形表现时更容易理解,例如模拟时钟或直方图,而不是作为大量数字进行数字地表示。包含在这种图形显示中的信息量相对小,这里被称作“低容量”信息,但是容易理解并能快速理解。
在一些显示器中,使用变化来吸引注意力。变化可以是图形的明显运动或者开开关关地闪烁图形。对于一些液晶显示器,关状态不是真正的黑,特别是那些将周围环境光的反射用于背光的显示器。当下层图形关闭时开启遮光板能改善外观对比度。
在最近二十年,被称作聚合物分散液晶(polymer dispersed liquid crystals)的一类特殊材料已经被开发出来用于显示器;例如,参见美国专利4992201(Peralman)。使用这些材料的装置工作在60-120伏的峰-峰电压下,不像早期液晶材料工作在低得多的电压下,并且不需要偏振片来提供对比度。有时称作“光闸”的聚合物分散液晶已经应用到显示领域之外。
美国专利6842170(Akins等人)公开了一种与电致发光(EL)背光和触摸屏相结合的液晶显示器。该液晶显示器是键区的一部分,包含具有电话上的按钮(0-9,*和#)和其它控制按钮的图像的遮光层。还公开了该液晶显示器和EL背光能共用公共基板。
国际公开WO2005/121878公开了在基板同侧的液晶显示器和EL背光。位于基板相对两侧的装置的其它布置在本领域中是已知的;例如参见美国专利5121234(Kucera)和6441551(Abe等人)。影响光学性能,例如颜色、反射率和色散的各种中间层或外层在本领域中也是已知的。
EL装置不是适用于背光型液晶显示器唯一装置。耦合到各种光源的光导在本领域中是已知的;例如公开的申请2006/0254894(Jung等人)公开了由发光二极管照亮的光导端面并且该光导具有把光散射出光导平面的特征。光导的难点是一旦背光形成就不能改变输出。例如,光导能对一片区域提供相当均匀的照明或者使用其特征以照亮选择的区域。在两者任一情况下,结果都是固定的并且改变的成本高。
对于特定显示器技术的选择是竞争利益的平衡,而不是哪一个最便宜。就移动电话来说,选择通常基于当使用电话时用户在室内或者至少不在阳光直射处的假定。换句话说,在亮光下显示的内容几乎消失不见,因为为了可见性,显示依赖于明亮的背光。多种液晶显示器依靠的反射背光。这样,背光随着环境光的变化而增加或减小,并且显示的内容保持可见。一些显示器试图两种情况都最好而在背光和液晶模块之间具有“透反射”层。
尽管显示的内容可以改变,但一些信息可能对用户产生直接的并且持续的兴趣,例如电池寿命。这样,希望一些信息持续可见而不管环境光的水平如何。也希望显示器能使重要信息显著突出。而且希望有能以低成本快速改变的显示器。
考虑上述内容,本发明的目的是在至少一种操作模式下通过模糊一些信息来简化显示的内容并且在至少一种其它模式下显示这些信息。
发明的另一个目的是提供一种低容量信息的显示器,其最优地位于系统中并且能随意地模糊或清晰。
发明的另外的目的是提供一种背光,甚至当使用光导时该背光也提供选择性的照明。
发明的另一个目的是对EL背光的反射率提供选择性控制。
发明的另外的目的是提供一种能以低成本轻松改变的显示器。
发明的另一个目的是提供具有多个光闸的光开关,其使显示器能模拟动画或运动。
发明内容
本发明实现前述目的,其中显示器包括位于背光上层并且具有至少两个光闸的光开关,光闸本身不由其形状传递信息。背光照亮的区域等于或大于该区域中光闸区域的总和。该显示器可以进一步包括在光开关上层的图形层。通过改变该图形层而改变该显示器的信息内容。
附图说明
通过结合附图考虑下面详细的说明能获得对本发明更全面的理解,其中:
图1是根据本发明构造的具有背后照明区域的移动电话的透视图;
图2是根据本发明构造的具有背后照明区域的折叠的移动电话的前视图;
图3是根据本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的展开的移动电话的前视图;
图4是根据本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的仪表盘的前视图;
图5是根据本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的便携式计算机的透视图;
图6是如本领域中已知的构造的厚膜电致发光灯的截面图;
图7是如本领域中已知的构造的聚合物分散液晶显示器的截面图;
图8是以被适当的光源照亮的光导端面形式的背光的截面图;
图9是根据本发明优选实施例构造的包括具有多个光闸的光开关的显示器的截面图;
图10示出了图9中所示的显示器的操作;
图11是根据本发明可选实施例构造的包括光开关的显示器的截面图;
图12是图9中所示的光闸的平面图;
图13是根据本发明构造的显示器的透视图;
图14是说明图13实施例的操作的时序图;并且
图15是示出图13中所示显示器的一个状态的平面图。
具体实施方式
图1是移动电话的透视图,也代表未打开或以某种方式折叠的任何个人电子装置。电话10包括显示器12,其上通常显示与电话相关联的信息。另外,背后照明区域17和18不是显示器12或键区14的一部分。这些显示器能用于低容量信息,例如信号强度、电池寿命或漫游。背后照明区域的数量是设计的内容,部分取决于特定便携式电子设备的性质。
图2是根据本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的折叠移动电话的前视图并代表任何具有折叠结构的便携式电子装置。电话20包括形成在壳26之上、之中或之下的背后照明区域23、34和25。同图1的实施例一样,这些显示器能用于低容量显示。
图3是根据本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的展开的移动电话的前视图并代表任何为了操作而展开的便携式电子装置。电话30包括显示器31和键区32。电话30还包括背后照明区域34和35。
图4是本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的仪表盘的平面图。仪表盘能用于任意类型的交通工具中,例如汽车、飞机、摩托车或重型设备。仪表盘40包括适合于特定应用的测量仪器和显示器。根据本发明,仪表盘40包括背后照明区域43、44和45。这些显示器提供低容量信息,例如航向、运转时间、电池情况或安全装置的状态。
图5是本发明构造的包括背后照明区域的便携式计算机。计算机50包括背后照明区域53和54。这些显示器提供低容量信息,例如检测无线网络或电池情况。一个或更多背后照明区域可位于计算机50之外,如在图2的实施例中的。
图6是如本领域中已知的构造的厚膜电致发光灯的截面图。在一幅图中或图与图之间,都不是按比例绘制的。例如氧化铟锡的某些层非常薄,在埃量级。其它层非常厚,例如基板61,在千分之一英寸(0.025mm)量级。
在图6中,透明前电极62在透明基板61的上层并且是氧化铟锡(ITO)或氧化铟的薄层。荧光体层63在前电极的上层并且介电层64在荧光体层的上层。在一些应用中层63和64可合并。在介电层64上层的是不透明后电极65。例如为了隔离后电极,也可以提供可选择的背衬层(没有示出)。为了消除对密封层的需要,使用涂覆的荧光体粒子。
为了进行颜色校正,荧光体层或者附加层可以包含添加剂,以确保当灯关闭时反射光的颜色接近当灯开启时由灯发出的光的颜色。光通过透明基板61发出。电极62或电极65或者两者能被构图,把背光60分为多个EL灯,统称作EL面板。
荧光体和介电层可以互换,在这种情况下后电极65必须透明。对于这种结构,光通过后电极发出。
图7是如本领域中已知的构造的聚合物分散液晶模块的截面图。模块70包括基板71,其具有在主要表面上层的透明导电层,比如ITO。PDLC材料在电极73的上层并且透明电极74在PDLC材料的上层。层75是绝缘或保护层。如果透明电极之一或两者被适当构图,则该模块显示由该图案所代表的信息。
在便携式电子装置中,EL灯由驱动器供电,驱动器把来自电池的低电压直流电流转换为高电压交流电流。为了让EL灯充分发光,超过大约一百伏特的峰-峰电压是必须的。这是和操作PDLC显示器所需的电压相同的电压。这使得对两个装置能使用同样的驱动器,简化了结构并且降低了成本。
图8是如本领域中已知的构造的背光的截面图。光导81是例如聚碳酸酯的透明片。光源82,例如一个或多个发光二极管,发出光进入光导81的端面,如图8中所示,光导基本上通过内反射贯穿地引导光。提供可选择的镀层84和85以增进全内反射。在光导81的一个主要表面处的构造87和88干扰全内反射,使光从相对的主要表面发出。几种不同的光源在本领域是已知的。
图9是根据本发明优选实施例构造的包括具有多个光闸的光开关的显示器截面图。光开关90包括背光91,其可以是如图6中所示的EL灯或者如图8中所示的光导。如果使用如图6中所示构造的EL灯,则灯被垂直翻转以使光通过PDLC层92向上发出。
光开关92包括多个激活区域或光闸,例如光闸93和光闸94。这些是在电极之间的区域。一个电极能基本上完全覆盖背光91。相对的电极被构图,例如如图12中所示,因此限定激活区域。
层92的上层是图形层95。此层包括要被选择照亮的多个图形。层92不包含信息。层92在关闭或不透明状态中显著地减少来自背光91的光,不管背光91是发光或反射的。如图10中所示,光闸93是开启的或者可透射的而光闸94是关闭或不透明的。
尽管图形被示出为贯穿图形层的厚度,但这仅仅是为了清楚。取决于图形的性质,图形可以在层92的主表面上或者包含在层的厚度之内。
图11是根据本发明的替代实施例构造的包括具有多个光闸的光开关的显示器的截面图。与图9的实施例相比较,层的顺序改变,在背光111和PDLC层115之间具有图形层112。光开关110的操作与光开关90的操作相同。可以使用图形层112作为其它两层的基板。
图12是根据本发明的具有多个光闸的光开关的平面图。每个电极121、122、123、124、125和126通过它们自己的母线连接到连接器区域131并且限定光闸的激活区域。照亮区域134和135也通过母线(未示出)连接到连接器区域131。
电极是透明的并位于透明片129上。电极121和122在照亮区域134中。电极123、124、125和126在照亮区域135中。电极121和122的面积总和等于或小于照亮区域134的面积。电极123、124、125和126的面积总和等于或小于照亮区域135的面积。
每个光闸可以是但不必须是独立于其它电极而工作的。每个照亮区域可以是但不必须是独立于其它区域而工作的。同样如图12中所示,每条母线最好沿电极的长边延伸以减小压降。
图13示出了根据本发明构造的显示器的例子和模拟运动。显示器140包括例如EL灯的背光141、多个光闸142和图形层143。图形层包括文本区域151和153与符号154、155、156和157。图形可以是正片或负片或者正片与负片的混合。光闸层142包括被标记为A到H的光闸。光闸是可互相独立工作的。
图14是说明光闸工作的图。光闸D和E在图中被省略,因为他们在背光“开”的任何时刻都“开启”或“打开”。光闸D和E允许背光141透过文本区域151和152发光。在图14中,当代表光闸的线升起时,如箭头161所指示的,光闸“开启”或“打开”。如图14中所示,光闸A首先开启,然后是光闸B和F,然后是光闸C和G,然后是光闸H。
如图14中所示,在光闸打开序列中没有交叠。例如,光闸A随着光闸B打开而关闭。取决于试图产生的光学效果,可能存在交叠。在光闸H关闭和以光闸A开启为开始的周期之间存在缝隙或延迟Δ。同样取决于试图产生的光学效果,该延迟可以是零或者和所期望的秒数一样多。
图15示出了在图14中线162所指示的时刻显示器140的状态。虚线不是显示的部分但是供参考包括进来。
于是本发明通过在预定时间模糊或显现信息简化了显示内容。低容量信息的显示器能优选地位于系统中并且随意地模糊或清晰。本发明即使在使用光导时也提供了选择性发光,并且提供了对EL背光反射率的选择性控制。通过不对EL背光构图,能进一步降低成本。通过简单改变图形层容易并迅速地改变图形。
这样已经描述了本发明,对于本领域内的普通技术人员而言显而易见的是,能在本发明的范围内作出各种修改。例如,附加层、滤色片、涂层、丝网印刷、附加图形等能被加到任何层,或者在层之间,以影响光开关的光学特性。在一些应用中,可以省略图形层;在这种情况下,一个或多个光闸能提供装饰效果。尽管对于光开关PDLC是优选的,但是能使用电致变色材料代替。相似地,将溅射ITO优选作为透明导体,但是能使用其它材料代替;比如PEDOT:PSS、毫微粒ITO或者针状ITO。基板材料优选是PET但是也能在其它材料中使用聚碳酸酯或者聚氨酯代替。
Claims (6)
1、一种显示器包括:
具有照亮区域的背光;
在背光上层并且具有至少两个光闸的光开关,光闸本身不利用其形状传达信息;
其中背光的照亮区域大于在所述照亮区域内的光闸的面积总和。
2、如权利要求1所述的显示器,还包括:
在所述光开关上层的图形层。
3、如权利要求2所述的显示器,其中所述图形层包括通过所述光闸的操作选择显示的信息。
4、如权利要求2所述的显示器,其中所述图形层位于所述背光和所述光开关之间。
5、如权利要求2所述的显示器,其中所述图形层位于光开关的与背光相对的一侧上。
6、如权利要求1所述的显示器,其中所述光闸包括PDLC。
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JP (1) | JP2009058955A (zh) |
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US7742125B2 (en) | 2010-06-22 |
CN101393359B (zh) | 2010-10-27 |
JP2009058955A (ja) | 2009-03-19 |
GB0815341D0 (en) | 2008-10-01 |
KR20090021081A (ko) | 2009-02-27 |
GB2452160B (en) | 2010-06-30 |
DE102008039363A1 (de) | 2009-04-23 |
GB2452160A (en) | 2009-02-25 |
US20090051853A1 (en) | 2009-02-26 |
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