CN101392699A - 用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置 - Google Patents

用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置 Download PDF

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CN101392699A
CN101392699A CNA2008102152018A CN200810215201A CN101392699A CN 101392699 A CN101392699 A CN 101392699A CN A2008102152018 A CNA2008102152018 A CN A2008102152018A CN 200810215201 A CN200810215201 A CN 200810215201A CN 101392699 A CN101392699 A CN 101392699A
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N·博克霍夫
F·休斯利克
H·米勒
C·皮恩特希克
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MAN Energy Solutions SE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置,管装置具有一转速调节器,该转速调节器输出一依赖于发动机的实际转速、影响发动机的功率输出的调节信号。表示由发动机输出的总功率的大小的转速调节器的调节信号被供给一分配装置,该分配装置将总功率、根据预先确定的比例划分成液体燃料的份额和气态燃料的份额。为此分配装置产生第二和第三调节信号并输出该信号,其中第二调节信号影响单位时间喷入发动机的液体燃料量、并且第三调节信号影响单位时间喷入发动机的气态燃料量。分配装置与一调节装置相连接,借助于该调节装置比例可手动或者自动地调节到在包括两个极限值在内的零和1之间的任意值。

Description

用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1前叙部分所述的、用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置。
背景技术
在通常情况下这样的发动机为大功率而设计,以预先确定的恒定转速运转,并且驱动一发电机用于产生电流。这样的发动机的使用尤其是在那里有益处,在那里气态燃料作为对液体燃料有利的可选择方案可无困难地随时提供使用,例如在燃气输送区的附近、在用于发电的固定设备时,或者在运输燃气的油轮推动时。
一种设计用燃气运转的发动机也可以用液体燃料、例如尤其是用柴油运转,其必要性由此得出,只有用液体燃料才可以起动,并且在通常的情况下,运转在燃气供给中断时也必须保证。由此得出,发动机在连续运转期间必须可以从一种燃料种类转换到另一种。
在连续运转中一种已知的燃料转换方式规定,将到目前为止使用的燃料的供给从转换开始的当前值出发线性地用一预先确定的固定比率节流到零。转速调节器的输出在转换开始时与到目前为止的燃料种类的燃料供给装置分离、置零,并且接入新燃料种类的燃料供给设备。转速调节器紧接着基于它标准的功能方式,在恰当的范围下自动提高新燃料种类的供给,为了补偿到目前为止的燃料种类的供给不断增加的节流,直到在只用新燃料种类的运转中达到稳定的状态。
该方案的缺点在于,它只允许从一种燃料种类到另一种的逐渐的转换,但是不允许快速转换,因为转速调节器被优化保持转速恒定,并且因此只可能补偿到目前为止的燃料种类的缓慢节流,当不允许出现功率突变时。但是快速转换的可能性是值得追求的,尤其是从用燃气运转到用液体燃料运转,因为在发生泄漏时由于爆炸的危险燃气供给必须马上切断。
发明内容
因此本发明的任务在于,使在属于这一类的发动机时从一种燃料种类到另一种的快速转换成为可能。
根据本发明该任务通过带有权利要求1所述特征的装置获得解决。有利的布置在从属的权利要求中做了说明。
本发明规定,两种燃料种类的燃料供给装置持续地、平行地相互调节,并且与此同时单独的燃料种类对发动机总功率的份额在预先确定的比例下分配。在这种情况下只用一种燃料种类运转相应于比例值零或者1,并且燃料种类的转换相应于比例值从零到1的转变或者反过来。由于调节持续地、平行地在两个燃料供给装置上起作用,转换可以任意快速地进行,并且在速度上仅受到在电子调节装置中信号的时延和在燃料供给装置中执行机构的响应时间的限制。
两个燃料供给装置调节的持续的运转具有另外的优点,它除了在两种燃料种类之间的快速转换之外、也同时使得发动机用两种燃料种类的混合运转成为可能。此外两种燃料种类对发动机总功率份额的比例可任意的调节。为此借助于两种燃料种类的各自的特性曲线、使各自预先规定的功率份额转换成每个单独的燃料种类的燃料供给装置的各自的调节信号。尤其是由这种可能性会发生一种混合运转的有利的应用,在不充足的燃气量时通过附加的液体燃料的供给达到发动机的功率,该发动机功率在惟一的燃气运转时是不可能达到的。
在燃气质量可能要承受波动的观点下,本发明的有利的布置规定,测量实际的功率,并且使用在通过转速调节器全部计算出的功率和实际的功率之间的差值用于燃气压力额定值的校正,即为了克服作为基础的燃气质量的下降,当实际功率落在计算出的功率后面时,通过调节器提高额定值。当发动机驱动一用于发电的发电机时,该方案的实现被简化,因为在这种情况下、实际的发动机功率可以无问题的采用电气测量。
附图说明
下面本发明的实施例借助于附图说明。
图1表示了根据本发明的装置的信号流程图。
具体实施方式
用功率3驱动发电机2的发动机1可以由喷油装置4以液体燃料流量5加载和/或者由燃气喷入装置6以燃气流量7加载。在这里燃气喷入装置6的燃气由燃气供给装置8以燃气压力9供给。
给燃气供给装置8预先确定一燃气压力额定值10,该燃气压力额定值由发动机1通过涡轮增压器产生的增压空气压力11与由燃气压力调节装置12输出的、恒定的燃气压力调节值13的相加获得。可选择地,第三输入信号32还可以被供给实施上述相加的加法器14,该输入信号目前没什么意思,但是后面还要说明。调节装置12允许燃气压力调节值13的手动和/或者自动调节。
发动机1的实际转速15被供给转速调节器16,在该转速调节器内部调节一预先确定的、恒定的额定转速。由转速调节器16输出的第一调节信号17被供给分配器18,该调节信号作为绝对值或者在发动机1的额定功率上标定、与发动机功率3相称。通过调节装置19两种燃料种类对发动机1的总功率的各自的份额的比20对分配器预先确定。
在调节装置19中功率比的调节不仅可以通过操作人员手动进行,也可以自动进行。那么当两种燃料的一种的来源发生故障时,例如手动预先确定的、在零和1之间的比20在快速转换的框架下可以自动置于零或者1。
分配器18输出第二调节信号21和第三调节信号22,第二调节信号给出了通过液体燃料份额的功率,第三调节信号22规定了通过气态燃料份额的功率。同样如第一调节信号17,第二调节信号21和第三调节信号22也各自与发动机1功率的绝对值相称或者它们在发动机1的额定功率上标定。
第二调节信号21被供给第一转换装置23,该转换装置在存储器中含有一特性曲线,该特性曲线描述了在作用到喷油装置4上的调节信号24和发动机1的总功率3之间的相互关系。借助于存储的特性曲线第一转换装置23将第二调节信号21转换成相应的调节信号24,该调节信号从第一转换装置输出到喷油装置4。
第三调节信号22被供给第二转换装置25,该转换装置在存储器中含有一特性曲线,该特性曲线描述了在作用到燃气喷入装置6上的调节信号26和发动机1的总功率3之间的相互关系。借助于存储的特性曲线第二转换装置25将第三调节信号22转换成相应的调节信号26,该调节信号从它输出到燃气喷入装置6。
以这种方式发动机1可以同时用两种不同的燃料种类运转,其中它们对总功率3份额的比、从调节装置19出发、可以调节到包括两个极限值在内的零和1之间的任意值。非常清楚,通过调节装置19、比20的变化对发动机1产生影响的速度仅仅取决于在电子调节装置中的信号时延和控制执行机构的响应时间,那么该速度是非常高的。因此从纯粹的燃气运转到用纯粹的液体燃料运转的转换也进行的非常快。
当在液体燃料时对质量波动的考虑仅仅是次要的时候,气态燃料可能具有可以察觉到的质量波动,即单位数量能量含量的时间变化。但是在第二转换装置25中存储的特性曲线、借助于该特性曲线预先确定的气态燃料的功率份额22被转换成喷入装置6的调节信号26,必然地以预先确定的气态燃料的标准质量为出发点。因此燃气质量与设想的标准的偏差可能会引起调节回路在燃气方面错误地确定参数,这尤其是在纯粹的燃气运转时在燃气质量降低到标准以下时,可能导致发动机功率3的下降。
为了补偿燃气质量的波动,根据本发明设有在图1中用虚线圈出的功能组件27,该功能组件被简称为燃气质量调节装置。该燃气质量调节装置27包括一个减法器28,转速调节器16的输出信号17以及功率测量信号29被供给该减法器。此外功率测量信号29由一个测量变换器供给,该功率测量信号说明了发动机1实际的、目前的功率输出,该测量变换器集成在由发动机1驱动的发电机2中。
功率测量信号29被从转速调节器16的输出信号17中减去,该输出信号给出了发动机1的总功率3的额定值,并且差值30供给调节器31,该调节器根据它的功能可以被称为燃气压力校正调节器。即该燃气压力校正调节器31的输出信号32被叠加到由调节装置12提供的燃气压力调节值13上,并且导致等待处理的燃气供给装置8的燃气压力额定值10的提高,并且因此同时燃气压力9的提高,汽化装置6用该燃气压力加载,只要实际功率3的测量值29停留在由转速调节器16输出的、发动机1的总功率3的额定值17之下。
借此可以抵抗气态燃料对发动机1的功率3的份额的下降,并且可以补偿燃气质量的变坏,当然这不是随便地,而是只到一确定的程度,因为燃气压力9不能超越预先确定的上限。因此燃气压力校正调节器31的输出信号32的值的范围相应地受到限制。如果发动机1用燃气作为燃料被运转,并且燃气质量下降的这么大,以致所要求的功率3单独通过燃气压力的提高不能被补偿时,可以过渡到混合运转,并且功率的一部分用液体燃料产生。这是本发明的一个另外的重要优点。
在燃气质量重新上升时,发动机1实际输出的功率3增加,并且因此相应的测量信号29也增强,这在燃气压力校正调节器31的输入端导致一个负的差值信号30,并且导致调节器31的输出信号32下降。借此获得燃体压力额定值10的降低。当燃气重新达到标准质量时,燃气压力校正调节器31的输出信号是零,并且燃气压力额定值10重新符合由调节装置12提供的燃气压力调节值13。不言而喻,原则上过高的燃气质量也可以通过燃气质量调节装置27通过燃气压力额定值10的降低来补偿,然而在实践中更可能出现的是燃气质量与标准值向下偏离的问题。

Claims (5)

1.用于可用液体和/或者气态燃料运转的内燃机调节的装置,带有一转速调节器,该转速调节器输出一依赖于发动机的实际转速、影响发动机的功率输出的调节信号,其特征在于,转速调节器(16)的调节信号(17)被供给分配装置(18),该调节信号表示由发动机输出的总功率(3)的大小,该分配装置将总功率(3)的大小根据预先确定的比例划分成液体燃料的份额和气态燃料的份额,并且为此分配装置(18)产生并输出第二和第三调节信号(21;22),其中第二调节信号(21)影响单位时间喷入发动机(1)的液体燃料量,并且第三调节信号(22)影响单位时间喷入发动机(1)的气态燃料量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置,其特征在于,分配装置(18)与调节装置(19)相连接,借助于该调节装置预先确定的比例可以手动和/或者自动调节到在包括两个极限值在内的零和1之间的任意值。
3.根据权利要求1或者2所述的装置,其特征在于,第二和第三调节信号(21;22)各自供给一转换装置(23;25),该转换装置根据在装置中存储的特性曲线将通过各自的第二或者第三调节信号(21;22)给出的、各自的燃料种类对发动机功率的份额值转换成各自的调节信号(24;26)的值,该调节信号值确定了单位时间供给发动机(1)的各自燃料种类的量。
4.根据权利要求1至3中任一项所述的装置,其特征在于,设有一个测量变换器,该测量变换器输出一功率测量信号(29),该功率测量信号表示发动机实际功率(3)的大小,功率测量信号(29)从转速调节器(16)的输出信号(17)中减去,并且差值被供给调节器(31),并且调节器(31)的输出信号(32)与通过调节装置(12)预先确定的燃气压力额定值(13)相加。
5.根据权利要求4所述的装置,其特征在于,发动机(1)驱动一发电机(2),该发电机将发动机(1)输出的功率转换成电功率,并且输出功率测量信号(29)的测量变换器集成在发电机(2)中。
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