CN101392189A - 具有冷却壁和滑动密封件的飞流汽化器 - Google Patents

具有冷却壁和滑动密封件的飞流汽化器 Download PDF

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CN101392189A
CN101392189A CN200810149717.7A CN200810149717A CN101392189A CN 101392189 A CN101392189 A CN 101392189A CN 200810149717 A CN200810149717 A CN 200810149717A CN 101392189 A CN101392189 A CN 101392189A
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V·柯丘贝尔
C·鲁瑟
M·欣格尼茨
H·托思
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Abstract

在用于在1200和1900℃之间的温度下以及在环境压力和10MPa之间的压力下汽化飞流中具有含自由氧的氧化剂的固体和液体燃料的反应器中，通过滑动密封件(13，14)将冷却壁与压力罩气密地连接用于承受长度变化。省去了持续用气体冲洗处于压力罩和冷却壁之间的环形缝隙并且阻止汽化气体从后面流过。

Description

具有冷却壁和滑动密封件的飞流汽化器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种具有权利要求1前序部分所述特征的用于汽化飞流中固体和液体燃料的反应器。
背景技术
本发明涉及一种用于在正常的或者提高的直到8Mpa的压力下飞流汽化不同的具有包含自由氧的氧化剂的固体和液体燃料的反应器。在此，固体燃料是碳化率不同的磨成粉末的煤、石油焦炭以及其它可磨碎的具有大于7MJ/Nm3热值的固体燃料。油或者油-固体燃料-悬浮体或者水-固体燃料-悬浮体理解为液体燃料，例如煤-水-悬浮液。多年来，在由固体燃料产生气体的技术中，公开了自热的飞流汽化装置。在此，如此选择燃料与含氧的汽化剂的比例，从而达到超过粉末的熔点的温度。然后粉末就熔化成液体的糊状物，该糊状物与汽化气体一起或者与其分开地离开汽化室并且随后直接或者间接地进行冷却。这种装置从DE 197 18 131 A1中获知。
这种装备有冷却壁的汽化反应器的详细说明在J.Carl等人的NOELL-KONVERSIONSVERFAHREN，能源与环境技术有限公司的EF-出版社，1996，第32-33页中可以找到。在其中所描述的方案中，由气密焊接的冷却管形成的冷却壁位于压力容器内部。该冷却壁支撑在中间底座上并且可以向上自由膨胀。由此确保在由于起动过程而出现不同的温度并且由此引起长度变化时不会出现可能导致破坏的机械应力。为了实现这个任务，在冷却壁的上面的端部上没有固定的连接，而是冷却壁凸缘和燃烧器法兰之间存在缝隙，该缝隙确保了自由的可运动性。为了阻止汽化气体在系统中压力波动时从后面流过冷却壁缝隙，用干燥的无冷凝物并且无氧气的气体冲洗冷却壁缝隙。虽然经过冲洗，但如实践中所表明的还会有汽化气体从后面流过，这导致冷却壁的背面上或者压力罩上的腐蚀。这会导致冷却壁或压力罩的操作失灵直至损坏。
发明内容
本发明的任务是避免所提到的缺点。
按本发明这些缺点通过在权利要求1中所提到的解决方案来克服。
按本发明提出固定连接冷却壁和压力罩或者说上面的反应器法兰，该连接省去了持续用气体进行冲洗并且阻止汽化气体从后面流过。冷却壁和压力罩之间的固定连接是气密的并且允许冷却壁和压力罩之间沿反应器的中轴线方向的移动。
在其它设计方案中示出了用于汽化室和冷却壁缝隙之间的压力管理的技术措施。
附图说明
下面作为实施例在对于理解所必要的范围内根据附图对本发明进行解释。其中：
图1是按本发明的具有用于补偿由温度引起的长度变化的滑动密封件的密封装置。
具体实施方式
通过汽化燃烧器1每小时向图1中的汽化反应器输入50t石煤粉末和35000Nm3水蒸气，该汽化燃烧器同时包含先导燃烧器(Pilotbrenner)，该石煤粉末和水蒸气在汽化室2中在3Mpa(30巴)的条件下转化成75000Nm3原始合成气体。汽化燃烧器1布置在燃烧器固定装置3中。由气密焊接的冷却管形成的冷却壁8界限了汽化室2。排出装置16上测量的汽化温度为1500℃。热的汽化气体连同由石煤粉末形成的液体糊状物一起通过排出装置16离开汽化室2并且到达冷却室17中，在该冷却室中通过喷嘴9喷入冷却水来将原始汽化气体冷却到大约200℃并且同时用水蒸气使其饱和。随后将冷却的原始气体输入其它的气体准备技术装置。在汽化反应器的压力罩4和冷却壁8之间存在环形缝隙，该环形缝隙必须防止低压和过高的过压。另一方面有利的是，维持相对于汽化室2微小的1到2巴的过压。这例如通过以下方法实现，即形成先导燃烧器的气体10与环形空间5的连接管11。因为先导燃烧气体10在燃烧器中的压力损失为1到2巴，所以通过该连接管11确保环形缝隙5中轻微的过压。不言而喻，该轻微的过压也通过其它的气体源例如由氮气网来保证。为了在环形缝隙5和汽化室2之间建立气密性，在冷却壁8的上面的端部上建立与压力罩4的密封的连接12。为了补偿冷却壁的可能在汽化室2中的温度交替时出现的长度变化，在冷却壁8和压力罩4之间的密封的连接12中装入滑动密封件13。在冷却壁8的上面的端部和燃烧器固定单元3之间出现的缝隙在装配期间得到填充。通过输入管6输入用于冷却壁8的冷却水。
冷却壁8在上面的端部上通过光滑的圆柱形的管结构14来延长，该管结构与滑动密封件共同作用。可以用石棉绳制成的滑动密封件嵌入反应器法兰中圆柱形的凹槽中。圆形的连接片支撑滑动密封件13防止朝排出装置16的方向的泄漏，该连接片的内直径只是略微大于管结构的外直径。通过拧上顶盖法兰15来压缩滑动密封件，由此该滑动密封件被压紧到管结构上并且以此产生密封性。
附图标记列表
1      具有先导燃烧器的汽化燃烧器
2      汽化室
3      燃烧器固定装置
4      压力罩
5      环形缝隙
6      冷却水输入管
7
8      冷却壁
9      喷嘴
10     先导燃烧器气体
11     先导燃烧器10和环形缝隙5之间的连接管
12     冷却壁8和压力罩4之间的连接
13     滑动密封件
14     圆柱形的管结构
15     顶盖法兰
16     排出装置
17     冷却室

Claims (7)

1.用于在1200和1900℃之间的温度下以及在环境压力和10Mpa(100巴)之间的压力下汽化飞流中固体和液体燃料的反应器，其中固体燃料是碳化率不同的磨成精细粉末的煤、石油焦炭或者其它含碳的固体燃料，并且液体燃料是油或者油-固体燃料-悬浮体或者水-固体燃料-悬浮体，这些燃料可以具有含自由氧的氧化剂，其中所述反应器具有冷却壁(8)和压力罩(4)，其特征在于，通过滑动密封件(13，14)将冷却壁与压力罩气密地连接用于承受沿反应器的中轴线方向的长度变化。
2.按权利要求1所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述滑动密封件同中心地包围燃烧器。
3.按权利要求1到2所述的反应器，其特征在于，在压力罩和冷却壁之间的环形缝隙(5)中可以加载相对于汽化室的过压。
4.按权利要求1到3所述的反应器，其特征在于，可以通过连接管(11)用先导燃烧器气体的压力加载处于压力罩和冷却壁之间的环形缝隙。
5.按权利要求1到3所述的反应器，其特征在于，可以通过外部的气体网用压力加载处于压力罩和冷却壁之间的环形缝隙。
6.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器，其特征在于，所述滑动密封件(13)与延长冷却壁的管件(14)共同作用。
7.按上述权利要求中任一项所述的反应器，其特征在于，可以通过拧上顶盖法兰来压缩滑动密封件(13)。
CN200810149717.7A 2007-09-21 2008-09-19 具有冷却壁和滑动密封件的飞流汽化器 Expired - Fee Related CN101392189B (zh)

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Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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CN102925218A (zh) * 2011-08-11 2013-02-13 西门子公司 具有带有侧面从压力壳中穿过的管系的冷却罩的气流床气化器
CN103890392A (zh) * 2011-08-18 2014-06-25 奇努克终极回收有限公司 气化和/或热解的改进
CN107208885A (zh) * 2015-02-05 2017-09-26 卡萨勒有限公司 一种用于合成气生产的燃烧器以及相关冷却回路
CN109642170A (zh) * 2016-08-31 2019-04-16 西门子股份公司 具有可变管直径的用于高气化炉功率的冷却罩
CN110662820A (zh) * 2017-03-27 2020-01-07 扫描船有限公司 微波热解反应器

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US20090077885A1 (en) 2009-03-26
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DE102007045322B4 (de) 2017-01-12
CA2639683A1 (en) 2009-03-21
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US8475547B2 (en) 2013-07-02
WO2009040324A1 (de) 2009-04-02

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