CN101378832B - 转换环流反应器的方法 - Google Patents

转换环流反应器的方法 Download PDF

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CN101378832B
CN101378832B CN2007800048634A CN200780004863A CN101378832B CN 101378832 B CN101378832 B CN 101378832B CN 2007800048634 A CN2007800048634 A CN 2007800048634A CN 200780004863 A CN200780004863 A CN 200780004863A CN 101378832 B CN101378832 B CN 101378832B
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路易斯·福亚奇
埃里克·达奇森
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Total Petrochemicals Research Feluy SA
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种将单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线的方法,其中现有单反应器管线装有用于从闪蒸蒸气中分离固体聚合物产物的闪蒸罐且其中蒸气被送至至少两个分离塔的系统,所述分离塔允许将蒸汽组成分离成单体、稀释剂和共聚单体。

Description

转换环流反应器的方法
本发明公开了一种将单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线的方法。
高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)最先是通过在作为用于所得聚合物的溶剂的液体中进行的加聚反应而制造的。该方法迅速被根据齐格勒或菲利普的淤浆条件下的聚合反应所替代。更具体而言,淤浆聚合反应在管式环流反应器中连续地进行。形成聚合反应流出物,其为悬浮在液体介质,通常为反应稀释剂和未反应单体(例如参见US-A-2,285,721)中的颗粒聚合物固体的淤浆。需要将聚合物与包含惰性稀释剂和未反应单体的液体介质分离而不将液体介质暴露于污染物,以便所述液体介质可以在最少或无纯化下再循环至聚合反应区域。如US-A-3,152,872中所述,将聚合物和液体介质的淤浆收集在淤浆环流反应器的一个或多个沉降腿中,所述淤浆周期性地从所述沉降腿排放到闪蒸室中由此以间隙方式操作。将混合物闪蒸以从聚合物中除去液体介质。然后需要对气化的聚合反应稀释剂进行再压缩,以将其压缩至液态,在纯化(如果需要的话)后,然后将其作为液体稀释剂再循环至聚合反应区域。
沉降腿典型地用于提高从反应器抽出的淤浆中的聚合物浓度;但是由于在连续工艺上施加了间隙工艺,因而沉降腿有一些问题。
EP-A-0,891,990和US-A-6,204,344公开了两种用于减少反应器的不连续行为并从而用于提高固体浓度的方法。一种方法在于用富集淤浆的连续补偿代替沉降腿的不连续操作。另一种方法在于使用更强劲的循环泵。
WO03/074167还公开了一种用于在连续淤浆环流反应器中制造聚合物的方法,包括将单体在烃稀释剂中反应以形成聚合物固体在液体介质中的聚合反应淤浆,连续地将一部分聚合反应淤浆通过至少两条排出管排出,合并这些流出物,在第一闪蒸中闪蒸所述合并的流出物以形成第一闪蒸蒸气和第一闪蒸淤浆并在没有压缩下浓缩至少一部分所述第一闪蒸蒸气。该发明还公开了具有至少8个腿的环流反应器转换成多环流反应器。
双环流体系由于通过在各个反应器中提供不同的聚合条件而提供了制备高度定制的聚烯烃的可能性而十分令人满意。然而,由于在当前的结构下,双环流反应器需要彼此靠近以确保从一个环流到另一个环流的生长聚合物的足够的输送,因而找到合适空间以建造这些双环流反应器经常是困难的。在输送管线中循环的物料的平均速度小于1米/秒:因此这些管线必须非常短以避免残存单体进行聚合反应引起的沉降和堵塞。
因此,当可用空间受限制或当有预算限制时,需要获得双环流技术的优点。
本发明的一个目的为将单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线。
本发明的另一个目的为通过将单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线以制备双峰树脂。
本发明的另一个目的为将流出物分离成它们的各种组分和在反应器内的最佳点处将它们各自单独地再注入到反应器中。
通过本发明实现(至少部分地)这些目的的任何一个。
因此,本发明公开了一种通过下列步骤将单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线的方法,所述步骤为:
-在现有单反应器管线之前添加另一比所述现有反应器管线的尺寸小或者具有相同尺寸的单反应器管线;或者
-将具有至少6个腿的现有单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线
a)通过重新排列垂直的腿之间的连接以获得两个单独的反应器,其中第一反应器管线比第二反应器管线尺寸小或者具有相同尺寸;
b)通过向现在分开的反应器管线添加泵;和
c)通过添加输送管线以在所述的两条反应器管线之间输送产物;
其中现有单反应器管线装有用于从闪蒸蒸气中分离固体聚合物产物的闪蒸罐且其中蒸气被送至至少两个分离塔的系统,所述分离塔允许有效分离单体、稀释剂和共聚单体。
附图说明
图1表示本发明的两个反应器管线系统的简化结构,包括所述的两条反应器管线、所述支路管线和输送管线、所述闪蒸罐和所述分离装置。
图2是所述分离装置的图。
图3表示具有6个腿的单反应器管线的连接和相同反应器不同地重新连接以形成双反应器管线。
图4是用于将聚合物产物从所述第一反应器管线输送到所述第二反应器管线的结构的顶视图:它包括输送管线和支路管线。
本发明涉及用于聚合物制造的聚合方法,其中形成聚合反应流出物,该流出物为悬浮在液体介质,通常为反应稀释剂和未反应单体中的颗粒聚合物固体的淤浆。
本发明可适用于任何制造包含悬浮在液体介质中的颗粒聚合物固体淤浆的流出物的方法,所述液体介质包含稀释剂和未反应单体。
可将沉降的聚合物淤浆以预定的顺序模式通过排出阀从两个或多个沉降腿排放,使得对于所有腿,排放的累积时间超过相同沉降腿的两次触发之间的时间的50%,优选超过80%和最优选超过95%。在最优选的实施方式中,对于所有腿,排放的累积时间为相同沉降腿的两次触发之间的持续时间的95%~100%。
在此使用的术语“排放的累积时间”指各个沉降腿的排出阀打开的持续时间的总和,所述总和涉及所有沉降腿且限制为各个沉降腿的单个打开。通过维持至少一个沉降腿打开超过任何单个沉降腿的两次连续触发之间的时间的50%,优选超过80%,更优选超过95%且最优选100%,反应器中的反应条件的波动,且特别是压力值的波动明显减少且甚至可避免。
本方法包括通过顺序排放所述沉降腿而维持离开所述反应器的沉降的聚合物淤浆的流动的步骤。
本发明涉及用于颗粒烯烃聚合物的制造的聚合方法,所述聚合方法包括在含待聚合单体的稀释剂中的烯烃如C2~C8烯烃的催化聚合,聚合反应淤浆在加入起始物料和从其中除去形成的聚合物的环流反应器中循环。合适的单体的实例包括但是不限于每个分子具有2~8个碳原子的那些,例如乙烯、丙烯、丁烯、戊烯、丁二烯、异戊二烯、1-己烯等。
聚合反应可在50~120℃的温度下,优选在70~115℃的温度下,更优选在80~110℃的温度下和在20~100巴的压力下,优选在30~50巴的压力下,更优选在37~45巴的压力下进行。
在优选的实施方式中,本发明特别适合于乙烯在异丁烷稀释剂中的聚合。合适的乙烯聚合反应包括但不限于乙烯的均聚、乙烯和高级1-烯烃共聚单体如1-丁烯、1-戊烯、1-己烯、1-辛烯或1-癸烯的共聚。在本发明的优选的实施方式中,所述共聚单体为1-己烯。
在液体稀释剂中乙烯在催化剂、任选的助催化剂、任选的共聚单体、任选的氢和任选的其它添加剂的存在下聚合,从而产生聚合反应淤浆。
在此使用的术语“聚合反应淤浆”或者“聚合物淤浆”基本上指包括至少聚合物固体粒子和液相的多相组合物,且允许第三相(气体)至少局部地存在于所述过程中,所述液相为连续相。所述固体包括催化剂和聚合的烯烃,如聚乙烯。所述液体包括具有溶解的单体(如乙烯和任选的一种或多种共聚单体)的惰性稀释剂(如异丁烷)、分子量控制剂(如氢)、抗静电剂、防垢剂、清除剂和其它加工助剂。
合适的稀释剂(与溶剂或单体相对)在本领域是众所周知的且包括惰性或至少基本上惰性的烃和在反应条件下的液体。合适的烃包括异丁烷、正丁烷、丙烷、正戊烷、异戊烷、新戊烷、异己烷和正己烷,优选异丁烷。
合适的催化剂在本领域中是众所周知的。合适的催化剂的实例包括但不限于氧化铬(例如负载在二氧化硅上的氧化铬)、包括在本领域被称为“齐格勒”或“齐格勒-纳塔”催化剂的催化剂的有机金属催化剂、茂金属催化剂等。在此使用的术语“助催化剂”指可与催化剂一起使用以提高在聚合反应过程中的催化剂活性的材料。
聚合反应淤浆在环流反应器中保持循环,所述反应器包含通过弯头连接的垂直的套管部件。聚合反应热通过在反应器夹套中循环的冷却水带走。所述聚合反应可在单个或在两个或多个环流反应器中进行,所述环流反应器可并联或串联使用。所述反应器在满液体模式(liquid full mode)下运行。当串联使用时,它们可通过例如通过第一反应器的一个或多个沉降腿之类手段连接。
将根据本发明的方法制造的聚合物与一些稀释剂一起通过两个或多个沉降腿从环流反应器排放,所述沉降腿中固体含量相对于其在反应器体内的浓度增加。
随后的排放还包括将所述沉降腿交替或者同时排放的情形。
本发明的聚合反应装置对于双峰聚合物,优选双峰聚乙烯的制备非常有用。其示意性地表示于图1中。
第一反应器管线(1)装有冷却夹套(11)和循环泵(15)。单体和任选的共聚单体通过循环泵下游的管线(18)被分别注入,催化剂通过循环泵上游的管线(17)注入并且聚合物产物通过循环泵上游的输送管线(16)排放和送往连接到第二反应器管线(2)的支路管线(10)。第二反应器管线也装有冷却夹套(21)和循环泵(25)。将另外的单体通过循环泵(25)下游的管线(28)注入到第二反应器管线中。
聚合物产物优选地通过两个或者多个沉降腿(26)从第二反应器管线中排放并通过管线(30)送至闪蒸罐(40)以分离固体内含物和闪蒸蒸气。闪蒸蒸气包含未反应的和反应不足(under-reacted)的单体、稀释剂和共聚单体。在本发明中,优选的单体为乙烯或者丙烯,更优选乙烯,惰性稀释剂为脂肪族烃,优选异丁烷且共聚单体为具有4~8个碳原子的α-烯烃,优选己烯。因此,浓缩的蒸气主要含有乙烯、异丁烷和己烯。从闪蒸罐回收的固体产物优选为聚乙烯或聚丙烯,更优选聚乙烯。将其干燥和贮藏。
压缩的蒸气随后通过管线(41)送至分离和再循环装置。分离装置示意性地表示于图2中。该处理包括:
-用于纯化从闪蒸罐中出来的气体的蒸馏步骤。该部分由至少两个塔构成以进行单体、共聚单体和稀释剂的分离
-特别设计以单独地回收单体,优选乙烯(乙烯回收装置)的再循环步骤。
从闪蒸罐(FT)出来的气体主要包括氢、单体、稀释剂和共聚单体。因此在根据本发明的优选的实施方式中,该气体包含氢、乙烯、异丁烷和己烯。将这些气体在蒸馏塔中纯化。
气体首先在压缩机C1中典型地从约1.3巴的压力压缩到约16巴的压力。
随后将其送至用于重质物回收的蒸馏塔T1中,其中所述重质物通过侧向抽取(lateral extraction)在塔底被回收。抽取流富集共聚单体:将其冷却并送至循环共聚单体缓冲罐(V1),将共聚单体干燥后从该缓冲罐泵送至反应器。周期性地抽取其它重质物以维持约90%的己烯纯度水平。
塔顶料与新鲜稀释剂一起送至第二蒸馏塔T2。
-在塔底抽取的产物为纯的稀释剂且不含有氢或单体。将该产物冷却并贮存在缓冲罐(V2)中,该产物干燥后从缓冲罐泵送至反应器。其适用于催化剂稀释。
-从塔顶出来的产物用冷却水冷凝并随后在热交换器中产物在减压下被稀释剂冷却至接近0℃的温度。将含有单体、痕量乙烷和氮气的不可压缩产物干燥并送至乙烯回收装置。
在根据本发明的最佳模式中,乙烯再循环回循环泵下游的反应器管线的任何一个或者两者,异丁烷循环回循环泵上游的反应器管线的任何一个或者两者且己烯任选地仅循环到循环泵下游的反应器管线之一中。
在根据本发明的优选的实施方式中,单体是乙烯。共聚单体是己烯且其被循环至反应器管线的任何一个中。这种结构被用来制备双峰聚乙烯。在一种结构中,将己烯注入第一反应器管线中以提供聚合物的高分子量部分和将氢注入第二反应器管线以制备其低分子量部分。或者,可使用相反的结构,其中氢注入第一反应器管线以制备聚合物的低分子量部分且己烯注入第二反应器管线以提供其高分子量部分。
或者,在两个反应器中可使用相同的条件以制备例如在EP-A-905146中描述的“假”单峰聚合物。在这种情况下,可将己烯循环回两个反应器管线。
因而,分离装置是本发明的本质特征,因为其保证双环流技术的全部益处。
在根据本发明的优选的实施方式中,将具有6个腿的单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线,其中第一管线具有两个腿且第二管线具有4个腿。在表示在图3中的实施方式中,现有反应器管线的连接段AB和CD被排除且它们被连接AD和BC代替。第一反应器管线具有至多与第二反应器管线相同的容量,优选其具有小于第二反应器管线的容量。
装有排放装置(优选地包括一个或者多个沉降腿)的反应器管线变成第二反应器管线。将循环装置(优选循环泵)加到所述第二反应器管线,优选尽可能远离排放装置。
必须将催化剂体系注入到第一反应器管线中。因此,如果需要,催化剂进料必须改道。
输送系统安装在两条反应器管线之间以将聚合物产物从管线1输送到管线2。输送系统可为连续或者不连续的,而在这样情况下其装有沉降腿:根据本发明的优选的系统例如在WO05/080444中有描述。在根据本发明的最优选的实施方式中,将输送管线连接到支路管线,其自身如图4中所示连接到第二环流反应器。支路管线(10)通过具有与主路线不同输送时间的替换路线连接第二反应器管线(2)的两点:其充分描述于EP-A-1542793之中。输送管线(3)从第一反应器管线(1)收集聚合物产物并将其注入连接到第二反应器管线的支路管线中。
优选地,沉降腿装有具有冷却液的夹套。
本发明的优点是,易于从现有的反应器管线开始而获得。准确地给出复杂下游装置的尺寸,产物保持不变且成本最小。
相反地,在加入新的反应器装置的情况下,需要将新的反应器加到现有装置的上游以保持复杂的下游装置不变。现有反应器的容量保持不变,但是新的双管线的全部体积因此未被用至其全部容量。
实施例
实施例1:蒸馏塔
Figure S2007800048634D00071
轻质物塔的底部明显地不含任何共聚单体。因此,从重质物塔的底部抽取出的共聚单体可注入反应器管线的任何一个以制造具有双峰分子量分布的聚合物。
实施例2:在现有反应器管线之前加入反应器管线
现有反应器管线具有下列特征:
反应器容积:37m3
沉降腿数:4
反应器直径:500mm
聚合物生产速率:12吨/小时
循环速度:10.6米/秒
乙烯浓度:8重量%
温度:92.5℃
循环泵功率:380千瓦
在该反应器管线之前加入另一反应器管线。其具有以下特征:
反应器容积:19m3
反应器直径:500mm
聚合物生产速率:5吨/小时
循环速度:10米/秒
乙烯浓度:8重量%
温度:92℃
固体浓度:40%
最终的反应器体系具有下列特征:
在前加入反应器后的第二反应器生产速率:7吨/小时
总生产能力:12吨/小时
反应器中的固体浓度:45%
沉降腿中的固体浓度:54%
循环速度:10米/秒。

Claims (3)

1.一种通过下列步骤将具有至少6个腿的现有单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线的方法,所述步骤为:
a)通过重新排列垂直的腿之间的连接以获得两个单独的反应器管线反应器,其中第一反应器管线比第二反应器管线尺寸小或者具有相同尺寸;
b)通过向现在分开的反应器管线添加泵;
c)通过添加连续的输送管线以将产物从所述第一反应器管线输送至所述第二反应器管线;和
d)通过经由连接到安装在分开的第二反应器管线上的支路管线的输送管线,将排出所述第一反应器管线的聚合物产物送至所述第二反应器管线;
其中现有单反应器管线装有用于从闪蒸蒸气中分离固体聚合物产物的闪蒸罐,且其中蒸气被送至至少两个分离塔的系统,所述分离塔允许将蒸气组成分离成单体、稀释剂和共聚单体。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述第一反应器管线具有小于所述第二反应器管线的容量。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中通过排除所述现有反应器管线的连接段AB和CD,和通过实现连接AD和BC,由此在4腿反应器管线之前形成2腿反应器管线,将6个腿的单反应器管线转换成双反应器管线。
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