CN101360776A - 包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的聚合物夹层 - Google Patents

包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的聚合物夹层 Download PDF

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CN101360776A
CN101360776A CNA2006800514738A CN200680051473A CN101360776A CN 101360776 A CN101360776 A CN 101360776A CN A2006800514738 A CNA2006800514738 A CN A2006800514738A CN 200680051473 A CN200680051473 A CN 200680051473A CN 101360776 A CN101360776 A CN 101360776A
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interlayer
ethylene
polymer sheet
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vinyl acetate
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W·陈
A·卡拉加尼斯
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Solutia Inc
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Abstract

本发明为用于多层玻璃板的聚合物夹层领域，且具体地，本发明为包括含乙烯－醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的聚合物片材的聚合物夹层领域。

Description

包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的聚合物夹层
发明领域
本发明为用于多层玻璃板的聚合物夹层领域，和具体地，本发明为包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物层的聚合物夹层领域。
发明背景
聚合物片材可用作例如安全玻璃或聚合物层压材料等透光多层层压材料内的夹层，通常包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。安全玻璃通常指的是包括置于两片玻璃之间的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的透明层压材料。安全玻璃通常用于提供建筑和汽车的开口内的透明隔离物。它的主要功能是吸收例如由物体冲击引起的能量，不允许穿透开口。
尽管聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)通常很适于用作安全玻璃夹层内的聚合物片材料，但通常还使用替代材料。例如：离子性聚合物和聚氨酯都曾用作釉化层压材料(glazing laminate)的夹层。选择夹层材料的其它原因包括改进处理、减少生产成本和改进性能。例如，如果聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)夹层的替代材料表现出性能改进，或制作更便宜，则那些替代材料会是有用的。
一种特别有用的聚合物为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，或EVA。在用于釉化夹层之前，通常对乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物进行改性，以便赋予所需的透明度和性能特性(参见，例如，美国专利5,415,909)。提高透明度的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的改性包括使用单取代苯甲醛，和使用热固性化合物(参见，例如，美国专利5,352,530和美国专利4,935,470)。然而，这些改性却导致成品层压材料的热稳定性不是很理想。
因此，本领域需要经进一步改进的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物材料，用作多层釉化板内的夹层或部分夹层。
发明概述
现已惊奇地发现，根据本发明，包括含二取代苯甲醛与多元醇或多元醇衍生物的反应产物的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的夹层具有出色的透明度和热稳定性。
附图简述
图1表明了本发明夹层的一种实施方案的剖面示意图。
发明详述
本发明涉及可用于多层层压釉化结构，例如那些用于建筑应用和汽车挡风玻璃应用的结构的夹层。本发明的夹层包括一层或多层乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其中该乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物层包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，该乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物包含多元醇或多元醇衍生物与一种或多种二取代苯甲醛的反应产物，将在下文中对其进行详细描述。如本文所使用的“多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA”意为乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物，其包括作为添加剂的多元醇或多元醇衍生物与一种或多种二取代苯甲醛的反应产物，将在下文中对其进行详细描述。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，夹层包括含多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材。在本发明的多种实施方案中，夹层由多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材组成或基本上组成。
本发明的夹层还包括多层夹层，如本领域已知的，该多层夹层是通过将包括多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA与一层或多层其它的聚合物层层压形成。例如，下文中所详述的，可使一个或多个常规聚合物片材接触包括多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材以形成堆叠，随后可层压该堆叠以形成夹层。另外，如下所详述的一个或多个聚合物薄膜可并入多层夹层中。
本发明的多层夹层结构的例子包括但不限于如下给出的五种结构，其中“多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA”缩写为“改性EVA”：
聚合物片材//改性EVA//聚合物片材料
改性EVA//改性EVA
改性EVA//聚合物薄膜//改性EVA
聚合物片材//聚合物薄膜//改性EVA
改性EVA//聚合物片材//改性EVA
及其变体，包括复合体，其中一类层多次出现时可具有相同组成或不同组成。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，夹层包括通过共挤出或挤出涂布生产的聚合物片材，其中该夹层具有一个以上的聚合物片材，该聚合物片材包括多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA，或者由其组成，或者基本上由其组成。通常，对于其中包括多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材与一层或多层其它的聚合物片材层压形成多层夹层层压材料的任何本发明实施方案，都有一个等同的实施方案，其中多层聚合物片材通过共挤出或挤出涂布形成单独的夹层，如本领域所知的，形成包括至少一个含多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材的夹层。
共挤出夹层实施方案的例子一般性地显示在图1的10处。如图1所示，已通过共挤出或挤出涂布过程生产的夹层10包括含多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的第一聚合物片材12、包括第二聚合物材料的第二聚合物片材14，和包括第三聚合物材料的第三聚合物片材16。图1所示的三个聚合物片材对应层压夹层，该夹层具有含多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材，多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA位于两个其它聚合物片材间。在一种实施方案中，例如根据图1的共挤出实施方案包括置于两个聚氨酯聚合物片材间的多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA聚合物片材。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，形成如图1所示的层反转的夹层，其中的聚合物片材置于两个多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA聚合物片材之间。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，使用包括多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA的聚合物片材形成双层。本发明的双层包括至少一层多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA，以及相邻的聚合物片材或聚合物薄膜，这些聚合物层置于例如玻璃或塑料的硬基质上。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，例如其中不使用共挤出或挤出涂布技术的那些实施方案中，包括预层压步骤，其中使两个或更多个聚合物片材或聚合物膜互相接触地按所需的构造放置，随后施加热和/或压力将这些层“粘”在一起，足以允许作为单独的单元处理这些层。预层压的堆叠可立即使用，或卷起或堆叠用于后来的层压过程中。
多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物
如本文所使用的，“EVA”指的是乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，本发明的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物树脂包括40-95％重量、60-92％重量，或65-85％重量：
Figure A20068005147300081
剩余物全为，或基本全为如下的醋酸乙烯酯组分：
EVA可通过任何常规方法制备，如本领域已知的，例如包括但不限于高压法和乳化法。
将多元醇或多元醇衍生物和二取代苯甲醛的反应产物以足以改进成品聚合物片材的透明度的量加入上述EVA的树脂组分中。在多种实施方案中，将多元醇或多元醇衍生物和二取代苯甲醛的反应产物以0.01至5phr、0.05至3phr，或0.05至1phr的量加入该树脂，其中″phr″意为以重量计的“占树脂的百分比”。
本发明的多元醇或多元醇衍生物非限制地包括，例如：季戊四醇、甘露醇、山梨醇、二(聚)季戊四醇，及其混合物。在优选实施方案中，多元醇为山梨醇。
本发明的二取代苯甲醛包括具有如下通式的物质：
Figure A20068005147300091
其中，R1和R2相同或不同，且选自具有1至10个碳原子的烷基和环烷基、NO2、CN、COOH、Cl、F、Br等。二取代苯甲醛的具体例子包括3，4-二甲基苯甲醛；3，4-二乙基苯甲醛；3，4-二丁基苯甲醛；3，4-二己基苯甲醛；3-氯-4-甲基苯甲醛等。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，多元醇或多元醇衍生物和二取代苯甲醛的反应产物为1，3：2，4-二(3′4′-二甲基亚苄基)山梨醇，其作为Millad 3988
Figure A20068005147300092
得自Milliken Chemical(Spartanburg，South Carolina)。
作为改性剂用于提高EVA透明度的适用本发明的其它化合物为传统成核剂，例如芳香羧酸盐(例如，苯甲酸钠)、有机磷酸盐和磷酸酯、降莰烷羧酸盐(norbornane carboxylic-acid salt)、磺酰胺(例如，对牛油甲苯磺酰胺(p-tallow toluenesulfonamide))、羧酸酯(例如，PEG 600二月桂酸酯)、羧酸盐等。还曾发现滑石和其它具有很小粒子尺寸的无机填料具有成核效果。
在多种实施方案中，乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物聚合物片材具有至少0.02毫米、0.1毫米、0.2毫米、0.5毫米、1.0毫米、5.0毫米、10毫米、15毫米或至少20毫米的厚度。
本发明的多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA聚合物还可包括任何常规性能改进剂，包括，但不限于，增粘剂和UV稳定剂。
聚合物片材
如本文中所使用的，“聚合物片材”意为任何热塑聚合物成分，该成分通过任意适当的方法形成薄层，与多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA层合用，以形成夹层，该夹层为层压釉化板提供足够的防穿透和玻璃保持力性质(glass retention properties)。塑化的聚乙烯醇丁缩醛最常用以形成聚合物片材。如本节所述，“聚合物片材”具体地不包括如上所述的多元醇/二取代苯甲醛改性EVA。本节对聚合物片材的描述，适用于对应层压实施方案中的聚合物片材的共挤出或挤出涂布实施方案。
下节描述了可用于形成聚合物片材的多种材料，例如显示为图1中的元件14和16的那些材料。
在本发明的多种实施方案中，聚合物片材厚度可为0.01至3.0毫米、0.1至2.0毫米、0.25至1.0毫米，或0.3至0.7毫米。
本发明的聚合物片材可包括任何适合的聚合物，且在如上举证性说明的一种实施方案中，该聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。本文所给出的包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)作为聚合物片材的聚合物组分的本发明的任意实施方案中包括另一个实施方案，即该聚合物由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成，或基本上由其组成。在这些实施方案中，本文所公开的包括增塑剂在内的任何添加剂，都可与具有由聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)组成，或基本上由其组成的聚合物的聚合物片材一同使用。
在一种实施方案中，该聚合物片材包括基于部分缩醛化聚(乙烯醇)的聚合物。在另外的实施方案中，该聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)和一种或多种其它聚合物。在本文的任何部分，针对聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)(例如但不限于针对增塑剂，组分百分比、厚度和特性增强添加剂)给出优选的范围、值和/或方法时，那些范围还适用于(在可适用的情况下)本文公开的用作聚合物片材中的组分的其它聚合物和聚合物混合物。
对于包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的实施方案，该聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)可通过已知的缩醛化过程生产，该过程包括使聚(乙烯醇)(PVOH)与丁醛在酸催化剂存在下反应，随后进行催化剂中和、分离、稳定化及树脂干燥。制造聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的适合过程的细节为本领域技术人员所知(参见，例如，美国专利2,282,057和美国专利2,282,026)。在一种实施方案中，可使用B.E.Wade(2003)著的Encyclopedia of PolymerScience & Technology、第三版、卷8、381-399页中的Vinyl AcetalPolymers(乙烯缩醛聚合物)中描述的溶剂法。在另外一种实施方案中，可使用其中所描述的水性法(aqueous method)。聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)以多种形式经商业获得，例如作为ButvarTM树脂得自Solutia Inc.，St.Louis，Missouri。
在多种实施方案中，用于制造包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的聚合物片材的树脂包括，以聚(乙烯醇)计的10至35％重量的羟基、以聚(乙烯醇)计的13至30％重量的羟基或以聚(乙烯醇)计的15至22％重量的羟基。该树脂还可包括以乙酸乙烯酯计的少于15％重量、13％重量、11％重量、9％重量、7％重量、5％重量，或少于3％重量的残余酯基，其余为缩醛，优选缩丁醛，但任选地包括较少量的其它缩醛基，例如2-乙基己醛基(参见，例如，美国专利5,137,954)。
在多种实施方案中，该聚合物片材包括具有至少30,000、40,000、50,000、55,000、60,000、65,000、70,000、120,000、250,000，或至少350,000克/摩尔(克/摩尔或道尔顿(Daltons))分子量的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)。还可在缩醛化步骤过程中加入少量二醛或三醛以增加分子量达至少350克/摩尔(参见，例如，美国专利4,902,464；美国专利4,874,814；美国专利4,814,529；和美国专利4,654,179)。如本文中所使用的，术语“分子量”意为重量平均分子量。
可在本发明的聚合物片材中使用多种粘附控制剂，包括醋酸钠、醋酸钾和镁盐。可与本发明的这些实施方案一同使用的镁盐包括但不限于公开在美国专利5,728,472中的那些镁盐，例如水杨酸镁、烟酸镁、二-(2-氨基苯甲酸)镁、二-(3-羟基-2-萘酸)镁，以及二(2-乙基丁酸)镁(美国化学文摘登记号79992-76-0)。在本发明的多种实施方案中，镁盐为二(2-乙基丁酸)镁。
可将添加剂并入该聚合物片材内以增强其在最终产品中的性能。这样的添加剂包括但不限于本领域所知的如下试剂：防粘剂、增塑剂、染料、颜料、稳定剂(例如，紫外线稳定剂)、抗氧剂、阻燃剂、IR吸收剂，及上述添加剂的组合等。
在本发明的聚合物片材的多种实施方案中，该聚合物片材可包括20至60、25至60、20至80、或10至70份增塑剂/一百份树脂。当然，可根据具体应用使用其它合适的量。在一些实施方案中，增塑剂具有少于20、少于15、少于12或少于10个碳原子的烃链段。
可调整增塑剂的数量以影响该聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的玻璃转化温度(Tg)。通常，加入更高数量的增塑剂以降低Tg。本发明的聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)聚合物片材可具有例如50℃或更低、40℃或更低、35℃或更低、30℃或更低、25℃或更低、20℃或更低，以及15℃或更低的Tg。
可将任何适合的增塑料加入到本发明的聚合物树脂中以便形成该聚合物片材。用于本发明的该聚合物片材中的增塑剂可包括多元酸或多元醇的酯等。适合的增塑剂包括，例如：三甘醇二-(2-乙基丁酸酯)、三甘醇二-(2-乙基己酸酯)、三甘醇二庚酸酯、四甘醇二庚酸酯、己二酸二己酯、己二酸二辛酯、环己基己二酸己酯、己二酸庚酯和己二酸壬酯的混合物、己二酸二异壬酯、己二酸庚基壬酯(heptylnonyladipate)、癸二酸二丁酯、例如油改性癸二酸醇酸树脂(oil-modifiedsebacic alkyd)的聚合物增塑剂、例如公开于美国专利No.3,841,890的磷酸酯与己二酸酯的混合物、例如公开于美国专利No.4,144,217的己二酸酯，以及上述物质的混合物和组合物。其它可使用的增塑剂为由C4至C9的烷基醇和环C4至C10醇制成的混合己二酸酯(公开于美国专利No.5,013,779)和例如己二酸己酯的C6至C8己二酸酯。在多种实施方案中，使用的增塑剂为己二酸二己酯和/或三甘醇二-2-乙基己酸酯。
在本发明的多种其它实施方案中，聚合物片材包括选自如下的聚合物：聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚(氯乙烯)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物(例如得自DuPont的Surlyn
Figure A20068005147300131
)、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物、聚氨酯或任何其它适合的聚合物材料。
可根据本领域普通技术人员已知的方法对聚合物树脂进行热加工，将其成形为片形。如本文所使用的，“树脂”指的是聚合物组成的聚合组分(例如聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)或聚氯乙烯))。树脂将通常具有除聚合物之外的其它组分，例如聚合过程余下的组分。树脂与增塑剂混合，如需要，可任选与其它添加剂混合，例如性能增强剂，并加热以形成熔体。
形成聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的一种例证性方法包括挤出熔化的含聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)的树脂、增塑剂和添加剂，即熔体，通过迫使该熔体通过片材模具(例如，具有在一个方向上明显大于垂直方向的开口的模具)而挤出。形成聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材的另一个例证性方法包括将熔体由模具流延在辊上，固化该树脂，并且随后移走作为片材的已固化树脂。
共挤出和挤出涂布为本领域所熟知。在通过共挤出形成PU/EVA/PU夹层的例证性方法中(PU为聚氨酯)，将包括添加剂的聚氨酯树脂和包括添加剂的本发明EVA树脂，分别进料至两个单螺杆挤出机中。适当设定挤出机温度，针对聚氨酯，例如150℃-225℃或160℃-180℃，针对EVA，例如200℃-290℃或240℃-260℃，加热两种树脂以形成熔体，分别地将其泵入三重共挤出模具的两个外层通道和一个内层通道中。随后迫使该熔体通过模唇以形成夹层，该夹层具有置于两个聚氨酯聚合物片材之间的EVA聚合物片材。这些实施方案的任何一个，其层厚度可与本文的其它处针对非挤出实施方案给定的层厚度相同。在另一个实施方案中，可颠倒这些层以生产具有聚氨酯聚合物片材置于两个EVA聚合物片材之间的共挤出夹层。
聚合物薄膜
如本文中所使用的，“聚合物薄膜”意为相对薄且刚性的聚合物层，该层起到性能增强层的功能。聚合物薄膜不同于本文中所使用的聚合物片材，因为聚合物薄膜自身未提供给多层釉化结构必需的抗冲击性质和玻璃保持性，而是提供了性能改进，例如红外吸收特性。聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)最常用作聚合物薄膜。
用于本发明的聚合物薄膜可为任何足够刚性以提供相对平坦稳定表面的适合薄膜，例如那些常规上用作多层玻璃板内的性能增强层的聚合物薄膜。该聚合物薄膜优选光学透明的(即与该层一侧相邻的物体可容易地通过特定观察者的眼睛由另一侧透过该层看到)，并且不考虑组成，该薄膜通常具有比相邻聚合物片材更大(在一些实施方案中明显地更大)的拉伸模量。在多种实施方案中，该聚合物薄膜包括热塑性材料。具有合适的性质的热塑性材料包括尼龙、聚氨酯、丙烯酸树脂、聚碳酸酯、例如聚丙烯的聚烯烃、醋酸纤维素和三醋酸纤维素、氯乙烯聚合物和共聚物等。在多种实施方案中，该聚合物薄膜包括具有显著特性的再拉伸(re-stretched)热塑薄膜等材料，其包括聚酯。在多种实施方案中，该聚合物薄膜包括聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)或由聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)组成，并且，在多种实施方案中，该聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)已经双向拉伸以改进强度，和/或经热稳定化以提供在经受升温时的低收缩性(例如，在150℃下经30分种后，双向收缩均小于2％)。
在多种实施方案中，该聚合物薄膜可具有0.013毫米至0.40毫米、0.025毫米至0.2毫米，或0.04毫米至0.06毫米的厚度。该聚合物薄膜可任选用功能特性层进行表面处理或涂布以改进一种或多种性质，例如粘附性或红外辐射反射性。这些功能特性层包括，例如，用以在暴露于太阳光时反射红外区阳光辐射和透射的可见光的多层堆叠。该多层堆叠为本领域所知(参见，例如，WO 88/01230和美国专利4,799,745)，并且可包括例如一埃或多埃厚金属层，和一个或多个(例如二个)依次沉淀的光学协作介电层(optically cooperating dielectriclayers)。还如已知的(参见，例如，美国专利4,017,661和美国专利4,786,783)，可任选电阻加热该金属层，用以为任何相联玻璃层除霜或除雾。多种可与本发明一起使用的针对聚(对苯二甲酸乙二酯)薄膜和其它聚合物薄膜的涂布和表面处理技术公开于公布的欧洲申请No.0157030中。本发明的聚合物薄膜还可包括如本领域所知的硬罩(hardcoat)和/或防雾层。
本发明包括含任何本发明夹层的多层釉化板，且特别是玻璃板。
本发明包括制作夹层和多层釉化板，且特别是玻璃板的方法，包括通过本文所描述的方法形成本发明的任何夹层和釉化板。
本发明包括含本发明任何夹层的多层釉化板，且具体地为例如建筑安全玻璃和汽车挡风玻璃的多层玻璃板。
本发明包括制造夹层的方法，包括使用共挤出技术或挤出涂布技术形成本发明的任何夹层。
本发明包括制作多层玻璃板的方法，包括将本发明的具有或不具有附加聚合物层的任何夹层，置于两片玻璃之间，并且层压该堆叠。
本发明包括保护封闭空间的方法，包括将本发明的多层玻璃板放置在一个或多个允许进入所述空间的开口内。
本发明还包括本文所公开的任何本发明的聚合物夹层的堆叠或卷状物。
除上述给定的实施方案外，其它的实施方案包括非玻璃的刚性釉化基质(rigid glazing substrate)。在这些实施方案中，该刚性基质可包括例如Plexiglass
Figure A20068005147300151
的丙烯酸树脂、例如Lexan的聚碳酸酯，以及其它常规用作釉化的塑料。
现将描述用于本发明的多种聚合物片材和/或层压玻璃性质和测量技术。
可通过测量浊度值确定聚合物片材的透明度，该值是样品散射光对比入射光的定量。可根据如下技术测定百分比浊度。使用一种测定浊度量的仪器Hazemeter，Model D25(得自Hunter Associates(Reston，VA))，根据ASTM D 1003-61(Re-approved 1977)-Procedure A，利用Illuminant C，以2度观察角测定。在本发明的多种实施方案中，百分比浊度小于5％、小于3％，和小于1％。
可根据如下技术测定击打粘附力(pummel adhesion)，并且“击打”在本文用于定量聚合物片材相对玻璃的粘附力，使用如下技术测定击打。利用标准高压釜层压条件制备双层玻璃层压样品。冷却该层压样品至约-17℃(0℉)，用锤子手工击打，将该玻璃打碎。随后除去所有未粘附到聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上的破碎玻璃，将附着在聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上的玻璃的数量与一套标准进行直观比较。该标准对应于一定的标度，表示不同比例的玻璃仍粘附于该聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上。特别地，在0击打标准下，未余下玻璃粘附在该聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上。在10击打标准下，100％的玻璃余下粘附在该聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)片材上。对于本发明的层压玻璃板，多种实施方案具有至少3、至少5、至少8、至少9或10的击打。其它实施方案具有8至10(包括8和10)的击打。
聚合物片材的“黄度指数”可根据如下测定：形成1cm厚，具有基本平坦和平行的光滑聚合物表面的聚合物片材的透明模制盘片。根据ASTM方法D 1925，″塑料黄度指数标准测定方法(Standard TestMethod for Yellowness Index of Plastics)″由可见光谱的分光光度法透光率测定该指数。使用测得的样品厚度将数值较正至1cm厚。在本发明的多种实施方案中，聚合物片材可具有12或更小、10或更小，或者8或更小的黄度指数。
实施例
实施例1
将100克具有29.5％重量的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和0.1克Millad
Figure A20068005147300161
3988(得自Milliken & Company，Spartanburg，SouthCaroline)的组合物熔化混合，随后在165℃下熔化压缩为0.76毫米厚的聚合物片材。所得片材表现为2％的浊度。
实施例2(对比)
将100克具有29.5％重量的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物成分在165℃下熔化压缩为0.76毫米厚聚合物片材。所得片材表现为6％的浊度。
实施例3
将100克具有22％重量的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和0.1克Millad3988的组合物熔化混合，随后在165℃下熔化压缩为0.76毫米厚聚合物片材。所得片材表现为6％的浊度。
实施例4(对比)
将100克具有22％重量的醋酸乙烯酯的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物成分在165℃下熔化压缩为0.76毫米厚聚合物片材。所得片材表现为20％的浊度。
根据本发明，现在可能提供具有澄清的乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的夹层，该共聚物可提供优于传统乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物和其它类型聚合物片材的加工和成本优势。
在参考例证性实施方案描述本发明时，本领域的技术人员将理解在不偏离本发明范围的情况下，可进行多种改变和用等同物替代其单元。另外，在不偏离基本范围的情况下，可进行多种改进以使特别的情况或材料适用于本发明的教导。因此，有意使本发明不限于用以实施本发明的最佳模式所公开的特别实施方案，本发明将包括落入所附权利要求范围内的所有实施方案。
另外将理解针对本发明的任何单独组分给定的任何范围、值或特性，与针对本发明的任何其它组分给定的任何范围、值或特性，在相容情况下可交换使用，以形成本文所有各组分均具有规定值的实施方案。例如，可形成包括乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物的聚合物片材，该片材除具有任何给定范围的厚度外，还具有任何给定范围的澄清剂，从而形成多种本发明范围内的排列。
如不另外指明，应理解图并未按比例画出。
本文引证的每个参考，包括期刊论文、专利、申请和书，由此通过引用全文并入本文。

Claims (20)

1.一种用于多层釉化的夹层，其包括：
含乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以及二取代苯甲醛与多元醇或多元醇衍生物的反应产物的第一聚合物片材。
2.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述夹层还包括与所述第一聚合物片材接触的第二聚合物片材，其中所述第二聚合物片材包括选自以下的聚合物：聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚(氯乙烯)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物以及聚氨酯。
3.权利要求2的夹层，其中所述第二聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物，或聚氨酯。
4.权利要求2的夹层，其中所述夹层还包括与所述第一聚合物片材接触的第三聚合物片材，其中所述第三聚合物片材包括选自以下的聚合物：聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚(氯乙烯)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物以及聚氨酯。
5.权利要求4的夹层，其中所述第二聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物或聚氨酯。
6.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述夹层基本上由所述第一聚合物片材组成。
7.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述反应产物为山梨醇与二取代苯甲醛的反应产物。
8.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述反应产物为1，3：2，4-二(3′4′-二甲基亚苄基)山梨醇。
9.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物包括0.05phr至3phr的所述反应产物。
10.权利要求1的夹层，其中所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物包括0.05phr至1phr的所述反应产物。
11.一种用于多层釉化的夹层，其基本上由含乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以及二取代苯甲醛与多元醇或多元醇衍生物的反应产物的聚合物片材组成。
12.权利要求11的夹层，其中所述反应产物为山梨醇与二取代苯甲醛的反应产物。
13.权利要求12的夹层，其中所述反应产物为1，3：2，4-二(3′4′-二甲基亚苄基)山梨醇。
14.权利要求11的夹层，其中所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物包括0.01phr至5phr的所述山梨醇与二取代苯甲醛的反应产物。
15.权利要求11的夹层，其中所述乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物包括0.05phr至1phr的所述山梨醇与二取代苯甲醛的反应产物。
16.一种包括夹层的多层釉化板，其中所述夹层包括：
含乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物以及二取代苯甲醛与多元醇或多元醇衍生物的反应产物的第一聚合物片材。
17.权利要求16的板，其中所述夹层还包括与所述第一聚合物片材接触的第二聚合物片材，其中所述第二聚合物片材包括选自以下的聚合物：聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚(氯乙烯)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物以及聚氨酯。
18.权利要求17的板，其中所述第二聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物或聚氨酯。
19.权利要求17的板，其中所述夹层还包括与所述第一聚合物片材接触的第三聚合物片材，其中所述第三聚合物片材包括选自以下的聚合物：聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、聚(氯乙烯)、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯共聚物、乙烯-丙烯酸乙酯共聚物、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物、聚乙烯、聚乙烯共聚物以及聚氨酯。
20.权利要求19的板，其中所述第三聚合物片材包括聚(乙烯醇缩丁醛)、部分中和的乙烯/(甲基)丙烯酸共聚物的离子交联聚合物或聚氨酯。
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EP1954746A2 (en) 2008-08-13
US20070122629A1 (en) 2007-05-31
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