CN101360420B - 农园艺作物的肥大生长促进方法 - Google Patents
农园艺作物的肥大生长促进方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101360420B CN101360420B CN2007800015221A CN200780001522A CN101360420B CN 101360420 B CN101360420 B CN 101360420B CN 2007800015221 A CN2007800015221 A CN 2007800015221A CN 200780001522 A CN200780001522 A CN 200780001522A CN 101360420 B CN101360420 B CN 101360420B
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- fruit
- gibberellin
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- hypertrophy
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Images
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/08—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing carboxylic groups or thio analogues thereof, directly attached by the carbon atom to a cycloaliphatic ring; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/42—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids containing within the same carbon skeleton a carboxylic group or a thio analogue, or a derivative thereof, and a carbon atom having only two bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. keto-carboxylic acids
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
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Abstract
本发明的目的为开发选自果实类、果菜类、花卉类的农园艺作物的肥大生长促进体系。一种农园艺作物的肥大生长促进剂,含有赤霉素和下述通式(I)表示的环己烷衍生物或其盐(例如钙盐)作为有效成分。(式中,R表示氢、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6卤代烷基、或苯基(根据情况可以被取代),R1表示氢、C1~C6烷基、C3~C6环烷基、或苄基(根据情况可以被取代)。)
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及农园艺作物的肥大生长促进方法,更详细而言,涉及并用赤霉素(gibberellin)和特定的环己烷衍生物来促进果实、果菜、花卉类生长,使其肥大化的新型体系。
背景技术
通过果实、果菜、花卉类等农园艺作物的肥大化或者促进其肥大来增加产量是本领域的最大课题之一。为了解决该课题,作为植物激素的赤霉素倍受关注,并已部分地被实际应用(参见非专利文献1)。
另一方面,本发明是经过广泛研究而得到的,为了解决本课题,从使用单独的药物无法达到所希望的目的的观点出发,着眼于药物的并用,对各种药物进行了筛选,结果通过并用特定的环己烷衍生物和赤霉素,外部施用于农园艺作物,首次发现了优异的肥大生长促进作用,从而完成了本发明,该环己烷衍生物不是促进植物生长的物质,而是具有抑制生长的作用的物质(参见专利文献1),在该文献中完全没有记载并用赤霉素对农园艺作物进行散布、浸渍、涂布、或者从外部施用两种药物而由此可以得到协同的肥大生长促进效果的内容。
专利文献1:特公平4-29659号公报
非专利文献1:《化学大辞典2》(缩印版)昭和42年9月10日、共立出版发行“赤霉素”项
发明内容
本发明的目的在于为增加农园艺作物的产量、利于农业经营而开发新的优异的肥大生长促进体系。
为了达到上述目的,本发明人等从各方面进行了研究,结果首次发现并用赤霉素和特定的环己烷衍生物时,发挥了与现有已知效果相比格外优异的效果,从而完成了本发明。
该环己烷衍生物是本申请人率先成功开发的新型化合物,具有植物生长调节作用,其作用不是促进生长,而是完全相反的抑制生长(专利文献1)。因此,在即使并用该环己烷衍生物和赤霉素施用于农园艺作物,也不被期待肥大生长之际,首次发现实际上并用两种药物外部适用于农园艺作物时,与预想完全相反,发挥了更大幅度提高单独施用赤霉素所得效果的格外优异的效果,基于该有用的新的认识进行了进一步的研究,结果完成了本发明。
由此,本发明的突出特点在于不仅仅发挥远远超过了本领域的预测的显著效果,还发挥格外优异的效果,充分具备了专利要件。
根据本发明,能发挥优异的果实、果菜、花卉等农园艺作物的肥大生长促进效果,其效果远超过单独施用赤霉素的效果。因此,能使果实肥大化,增加农园艺作物的产量或缩短收获时间,从而有利于农园艺作业者。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及以组合或混合赤霉素和特定的环己烷衍生物或其盐处理农园艺作物为特征的农园艺作物的肥大生长促进方法及制剂。
与赤霉素并用的环己烷衍生物由式(I)表示,具有下述化学式4的结构。
[化学式4]
(式中,R表示氢、C1~C6烷基、C1~C6卤代烷基、或苯基(根据情况可以被取代),R1表示氢、C1~C6烷基、C3~C6环烷基、或苄基(根据情况可以被取代),或者作为其盐,表示碱金属盐或碱土金属盐。)
作为环己烷衍生物(I),可以使用1种上述化合物或并用2种以上,例如在式(I)中,R表示氢或C1~C6烷基,R1表示C1~C6烷基或C3~C6环烷基,盐表示碱金属(钠、钾等)、碱土金属(钙、镁等)、铝、铜、镍、锰、钴、锌、铁、或银,优选举出表示钙盐时的化合物作为优选例。
环己烷衍生物(I)例如可以根据特公平4-29659号公报如下所述进行制备(化学式5)。
即,在γ-皮考啉的存在下或不存在下、碱的存在下或不存在下、溶剂的存在下,于-20℃至溶剂的沸点的温度范围,优选在室温以下,使化合物(IV)或化合物(V)(式中、M1表示碱金属原子,R表示与上述相同的含义)和酰氯(R1COCl:R1表示与上述相同的含义)反应10分钟至7小时,由此可以制备化合物(VI)。
此处,作为碱,例如可以举出三甲基胺、三乙基胺、三丙基胺、三丁基胺、吡啶、4-N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶等有机碱,氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、碳酸氢钠等无机碱。
可以在催化剂和溶剂的存在下、于室温至溶剂的沸点的温度范围内使化合物(VI)反应1至10小时制备化合物(I)。
此处,作为催化剂,可以举出4-N,N-二甲基氨基吡啶、4-N,N-二乙基氨基吡啶、4-吡咯烷基氨基吡啶等吡啶衍生物、N-乙基咪唑等N-烷基咪唑衍生物。
[化学式5]
另外,也可以使用市售品,例如可以适当使用抗倒酯(trinexapac-ethyl)(式(I)中,R表示乙基、R1表示环丙基时的化合物)、或下述化学式6、化学式7表示的调环酸及调环酸钙(式(II)、式(III):这些化合物均有市售,特别是调环酸钙盐以“Viviful”的商品名在市场上有售)。
[化学式6]
[化学式7]
赤霉素只要是显示植物成长作用的赤霉素,均可以使用,从其效果方面考虑,特别优选单独使用赤霉素A1(GA1)、赤霉素A3(GA3)、赤霉素A4(GA4)、赤霉素A7(GA7)或并用2种以上进行使用。由于赤霉素有水溶剂、液体制剂、粉末剂、糊剂涂布剂、片剂水溶剂、颗粒水溶剂销售,所以只要适当使用市售品即可。
在本发明的肥大生长促进剂中,环己烷衍生物和赤霉素的含量必须根据对象农园艺作物、使用形态、使用方法、使用时期等适当确定,通常环己烷衍生物在散布时通常含有0.01~1,000ppm,优选含有0.1~100ppm。为羊毛脂(lanolin)等糊剂的情况下,含有0.01~30%,优选含有0.1~10%。另外,赤霉素在散布时通常含有1~10,000ppm,优选含有10~1,000ppm。为羊毛脂等糊剂的情况下,含有0.01~30%,优选含有0.1~10%。
本发明的生长促进剂除上述成分以外还可以根据需要含有通常所用的载体、乳化剂、分散剂、展开剂、湿展剂、粘结剂、崩解剂等助剂,制成水合剂、乳剂、粉剂、粒剂、糊剂等各种形态。
作为此处所用的助剂,可以举出以下物质。作为液体载体,可以举出水、乙醇、甲醇等醇类,丙酮等酮类,乙酸乙酯等酯类等。另外,作为乳化剂或分散剂,通常使用表面活性剂,例如可以举出高级醇硫酸钠、硬脂基三甲基氯化铵、聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚、十二烷基甜菜碱等阴离子型表面活性剂,阳离子型表面活性剂,两性离子型表面活性剂。为糊剂时,可以使用羊毛脂、凡士林等。
本发明的肥大生长促进方法因作物的种类、生长阶段、使用方法或使用时期的不同而不同,通常将环己烷衍生物及赤霉素在果实的肥大期至着色开始期施用,在散布处理的情况下,以树整体被均匀润湿的程度或每个果实均被均匀润湿的程度进行散布。另外,在糊剂涂布处理的情况下,在相同的时期涂布于果实上部的果梗部或枝干。
对于涂布量,通常情况下,在赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理、以及调环酸钙盐10%糊剂(羊毛脂90%)处理时,以0.0001~1.0g、优选为0.001~0.5g、更优选为0.003~0.3g左右涂布于梨果梗处是合适的,该涂布量为大致的标准,可以根据需要适当增减。另外,为糊剂涂布以外的施用方法的情况下,参考该涂布量适当确定为合适的量即可。
施用本发明的肥大生长促进剂时,可以举出下述方法:预先混合作为有效成分的赤霉素和环己烷衍生物调制制剂(混合比率没有特别限定,例如为1∶99~99∶1、优选为10∶90~90∶10,通常制成等量混合物),施用该混合组合物的方法,即同时施用两种有效成分的方法。
另外,即使是同时施用,也可以不预先混合两种有效成分而是分别准备,同时施用两种成分,也可以根据需要在施用一种成分后,隔一定时间或者在几天之后施用另一种成分。此时,可以颠倒施用的顺序,也可以反复施用几次。在同时施用的情况下也一样,可以根据需要反复施用几次。
作为能适用本发明的作物,没有特别限定,可以举出收获果实的果实类、果菜类、花卉类。作为果实类,可以举出蔷薇科作物(梨、西洋梨、苹果、黄桃、桃、李子、西梅(Prune)、油桃、梅、杏、枇杷、草莓等)、葡萄、柿、柑橘类(温州蜜桔、伊予柑、酸橙、夏橘、橙、酸橘、橘、文旦、柚子、不知火柑桔、八朔蜜橘等)、奇异果、芒果、番木瓜、菠萝、椰子、咖啡等。
作为果菜类,可以举出黄瓜、南瓜、西瓜、蜜瓜、王子瓜、瓜、西红柿、茄子、圆辣椒、辣椒、秋葵、苦瓜、青豆角、蚕豆、豌豆、小豆、豇豆、毛豆、大豆、玉米等,作为花卉类,可以举出郁金香、仙客来(cyclamen)、樱草、牵牛花(Petunia)、野春菊(Gymnaster savatieri)、夏菊、白及、西洋石南等。
实施例
以下,说明本发明的实施例,但本发明并不限定于下述实施例。
(实施例1)
以日本梨(丰水)为对象,根据下面的实验概要进行果实的肥大化试验。需要说明的是,赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理利用协和发酵工业株式会社的产品(赤霉素协和糊剂涂布剂(2.7%))进行,调环酸钙盐1%或10%糊剂处理利用组合化学工业株式会社的调环酸钙盐(商品名:Viviful)进行。
实验概要
(1)日本梨
材料日本梨“丰水”果实
2005年4月22日盛开2005年5月25日开始处理2005年9月6日收获
每处理区45个果实
处理区
C:Cont(对照区)
G:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理
Y:调环酸钙盐1%糊剂(羊毛脂99%)处理
P:调环酸钙盐10%糊剂(羊毛脂90%)处理
GY:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理+调环酸钙盐1%糊剂(羊毛脂99%)处理
GP:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理+调环酸钙盐10%糊剂(羊毛脂90%)处理
糊剂处理为对梨果梗进行涂布(每1个果实0.03g左右)
结果
所得的结果示于表1及图1(果实重量分布图)。需要说明的是,表1中,果重为g,横径及纵径为mm,L、a、b为果色的色彩色度计的值,L表示明度,a、b表示色相。糖度用折射指示度表示,酸度用pH表示。统计处理按Tukey的HSD检验(Tukey’s HSD检验)(P=0.05)实施,表示不同的字母(alphabet)之间存在显著差异。
表1
n.s. n.s.
由表1的结果可知,GY:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理+调环酸钙盐1%糊剂(羊毛脂99%)处理中,与C:对照区相比存在显著差异是当然的,与G:赤霉素2.7%糊剂单独处理相比,果重也超过约60g,确认有显著差异。另外,由图1也可知,赤霉素和调环酸钙盐混合处理也可以获得果实重超过700g的超大果实。
(实施例2)
以西洋梨(La-france)为对象,根据下面的实验概要,与实施例1相同地进行果实的肥大化试验。
实验概要
(2)La-France
材料西洋梨‘La-France’果实
2005年4月25日盛开2005年6月7日开始处理2005年10月11日收获
每处理区25个果实
处理区
C:Cont(对照区)
G:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理
Y:调环酸钙盐1%糊剂(羊毛脂99%)处理
GY:赤霉素2.7%糊剂处理+调环酸钙盐1%糊剂(羊毛脂99%)处理
处理方法等与丰水相同
结果
所得的结果示于下表2。统计处理按Tukey’s HSD检验(P=0.05)实施,表示在不同的字母间存在显著差异。结果在果重、横径、纵径中的任一方面,G:赤霉素单独处理与C:对照区相比均没有显著差异,而GY:赤霉素+调环酸钙盐混合处理与C:对照区相比有显著差异,La-France果实与丰水相同地在混合处理区确认了显著的肥大促进效果。
表2
n.s. n.s. n.s.
(实施例3)
以葡萄(品种:“Italia”)为对象,按照下面的实验概要进行果实的肥大化试验。试验反复实施7次,将盛开15日后的葡萄果穗浸渍在稀释至规定浓度的药液中。处理后的葡萄果穗风干后,直接培育,处理43日后收获,调查串重、总粒数。另外,在试验区中5次反复无差别地从各串中选出5粒,用ATAGO社制的手持式折射糖度计(型号:N1)计测糖度。需要说明的是,赤霉素使用纯度98%的原体粉末,调环酸钙盐使用27.5%制剂(商品名:Viviful)),抗倒酯使用25%制剂(商品名:Moddus)。
实验概要
(3)葡萄
材料葡萄“Italia’果穗
2006年9月21日盛开2006年10月6日处理2006年12月18日收获
每处理区7串
处理区
C:Cont(对照区)
G:赤霉素浸渍处理(24.5ppm)
PCA;调环酸钙盐浸渍处理(20ppm、100ppm)
GPCA:赤霉素+调环酸钙盐浸渍处理(24.5+20ppm、24.5+100ppm)
TR:抗倒酯浸渍处理(20ppm、100ppm)
G+TR:赤霉素+抗倒酯浸渍处理(24.5+20ppm、24.5+100ppm)
结果
所得的结果示于表中。对于串重、总粒数,将反复7次的平均值示于表3。另外,各串的1粒重(串重/总粒数)的平均值及糖度示于表4。需要说明的是,统计处理按Tukey’s HSD检验(P=0.05)实施,表示在不同的字母之间存在显著差异。
表3
表4
由表3及4可知,与通常采用的G:赤霉素的浸渍处理相比,采用G+PCA:赤霉素+调环酸钙盐及G+TR:赤霉素+抗倒酯混合的浸渍处理时,串重有增加倾向,确认每1粒的重量有明显的显著差异。另外,每1粒的重量即使增加,也不影响糖度。即,确认G+PCA:赤霉素+调环酸钙盐及G+TR:赤霉素+抗倒酯混合的浸渍处理与通常采用的赤霉素单独制剂浸渍处理相比,能够不破坏葡萄的品质地使果实显著肥大。
附图说明
[图1]果实重量分布图。
Claims (7)
2.如权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述肥大生长促进剂是赤霉素和环己烷衍生物的混合物。
4.如权利要求3所述的蔷薇科作物的果实或葡萄的果实的肥大生长促进方法,其特征在于利用散布、浸渍、或涂布施用赤霉素和环己烷衍生物。
5.如权利要求4所述的蔷薇科作物的果实或葡萄的果实的肥大生长促进方法,其特征在于,将赤霉素和环己烷衍生物以糊状涂布在果梗上。
6.如权利要求3~5中任一项所述的蔷薇科作物的果实或葡萄的果实的肥大生长促进方法,其特征在于,所述方法使梨的果实肥大化。
7.如权利要求6所述的蔷薇科作物的果实或葡萄的果实的肥大生长促进方法,其特征在于,所述方法使作为梨的西洋梨的果实肥大化。
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CN (1) | CN101360420B (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2007208837A1 (zh) |
BR (1) | BRPI0707286A2 (zh) |
IL (1) | IL192606A0 (zh) |
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JP5323539B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-11 | 2013-10-23 | コスモ石油株式会社 | 農作物の収穫部位の収量向上剤 |
EP2292092A1 (en) | 2009-09-02 | 2011-03-09 | Cognis IP Management GmbH | Biocide compositions comprising esters of ketocarboxylic acids |
KR102044591B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-08 | 2019-11-13 | 구미아이 가가쿠 고교 가부시키가이샤 | 가지과 작물의 수량 및 아미노산 함량 증가제 |
EP2774484A1 (en) * | 2013-03-06 | 2014-09-10 | Basf Se | Method for fruit thinning at late growth stages of fruit plants |
CN104276891B (zh) * | 2014-09-29 | 2016-10-05 | 陈光敏 | 一种含氨基寡糖素的叶面肥 |
CN106134704A (zh) * | 2016-06-28 | 2016-11-23 | 扬州大学 | 芍药同一植株上开出两种颜色花朵的方法 |
CN106719790A (zh) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 河池市农业科学研究所 | 一种玉米抗倒伏剂 |
CN106689208A (zh) * | 2017-01-18 | 2017-05-24 | 姬海山 | 一种高效座果剂 |
CN111357559A (zh) * | 2020-04-22 | 2020-07-03 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | 一种‘夏黑’葡萄提高果实品质的调控方法 |
CN112029776A (zh) * | 2020-08-19 | 2020-12-04 | 山东农业大学 | 一种MdBZR1基因及蛋白在提高苹果耐盐性中的应用 |
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Publication number | Publication date |
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KR101385382B1 (ko) | 2014-04-14 |
TW200744450A (en) | 2007-12-16 |
WO2007086372A1 (ja) | 2007-08-02 |
US20080280765A1 (en) | 2008-11-13 |
IL192606A0 (en) | 2009-02-11 |
CN101360420A (zh) | 2009-02-04 |
KR20080090404A (ko) | 2008-10-08 |
NZ570645A (en) | 2011-07-29 |
JPWO2007086372A1 (ja) | 2009-06-18 |
ZA200806183B (en) | 2009-11-25 |
AU2007208837A1 (en) | 2007-08-02 |
EP1982592A1 (en) | 2008-10-22 |
JP5364881B2 (ja) | 2013-12-11 |
TWI455689B (zh) | 2014-10-11 |
BRPI0707286A2 (pt) | 2011-04-26 |
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