CN101353583B - Biomass processing method - Google Patents
Biomass processing method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101353583B CN101353583B CN2008101414066A CN200810141406A CN101353583B CN 101353583 B CN101353583 B CN 101353583B CN 2008101414066 A CN2008101414066 A CN 2008101414066A CN 200810141406 A CN200810141406 A CN 200810141406A CN 101353583 B CN101353583 B CN 101353583B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
Abstract
The invention relates to a method for processing biomass, which effectively solves the problems of the pyrolysis of biomass and the separation of products, the secondary processing of pyrolysis wood tar and the source of pyrolysis heat; the method comprises the following steps: the biomass enters a pyrolysis reactor after dried and milled, and forms charcoal and oil gas products through pyrolysis and carbonization; from a gas outlet of the lower part, a part of the charcoal enters a gasifier to react with air and generate carbon monoxide, and the other part enters a charcoal storage tank used for secondary processing; the oil gas with carbon dust sequentially passes through a settling chamber, a cyclone separator and a wire gauze filter to be separated from the carbon dust and then enters a fractionating tower for fractionation, thus obtaining intermediate heating value gas, pyroligneous liquid and wood tar, wherein, the intermediate heating value gas is mixed with the carbon monoxide in the gasifier and then the mixed gas returns and enters the pyrolysis reactor as the fuel of the reactor, the pyroligneous liquid enters a pyroligneous liquid storage tank used for secondary processing, and the wood tar enters a hydrogenation reactor to be hydrotreated with hydrogen catalyst and generate hydrogenation products through hydrogenation reaction. The method of the invention has simple process, and is environment-friendly and energy-saving.
Description
One, technical field
The present invention relates to the chemurgy field, particularly a kind of biomass processing method.
Two, background technology
Biomass (like agriculture straw, timber etc.) are the reproducible energy; Utilize heating pyrolyze, combine secondary processing technology can Wood Adhesives from Biomass be charcoal, liquid fuel oil and gas; Thereby obtain human being's production live needed fuel and Chemicals, at present, the cracking technology that the typical case has the potentiality commercially produced comprises document (Diebold J P; Czernik S; Scahill J W, Philips S D, Feik C J.Hot-gas filtration toremove char from pyrolysis vapours produced in the vortex reactor at NREL.In:Milne T A; Editor.Biomass Pyrolysis Oil Properties and Combustion Meeting.NREL; 1994, p.90～108 the ablation Vortex reactor technology of) mentioning, the solid behind the biomass cracking separates in reactor drum external application proper device with gaseous product; Another document (Wagenaar B M; Kuipers J A M; Prins W; Van Swaaij W P M.The rotating cone flash pyrolysis reactor.Blacltie Academicand Professional, 1994, vol.2:1122～1133) also mentioned a kind of rotation awl reactor process; Also has document (B.Scholze; C.Hanser; D.Meier.Characterization of the water-insolublefraction from fast pymlysis liquids (pyrolytic lignin) Part II.GPC, carbonyl goups, and13C-NMR Joumal of Analytical andApplied Pyrolysis58-59 (2001) 387-400.) mention fluidized-bed reactor technology; These Technologies have only been paid attention to the cracking section of biomass cracking complete processing; Part has been considered the gas solid separation problem of split product, do not consider the cracking wood tar oil secondary processing and cracking heat come source problem, so improvement is imperative.
Three, summary of the invention
To above-mentioned situation, for overcoming the prior art defective, the present invention's purpose just provides a kind of biomass processing method; Can effectively solve the cracking of biomass and the separation of product, the secondary processing of cracking wood tar oil and cracking heat come source problem, the technical scheme of its solution is; Biomass get into cracking reactor after drying and crushing, become charcoal and oil gas product 500～800 ℃ of following cracking charings, by weight percentage oil gas 30-70% of product, wherein contain powdered carbon dirt about 5% and charcoal 30-70%; A part gets into gasifier to charcoal from the air outlet, bottom, and at 700-1200 ℃ of following and air reaction generation carbon monoxide, the residue after the gasification is discharged by the bottom scum pipe; Together use as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, charcoal another part gets into the charcoal storage tank and supplies secondary processing to use, and oil gas is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under keeping warm mode more than 250 ℃; Successively through settling pocket, revolve and get into the separation column fractionation after branch separator, wire gauzee filter separate powdered carbon dirt, tower top temperature is below 40 ℃, column bottom temperature is more than 200 ℃; 85-95 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature out, fractionation get middle calorific value gas 1/3 by weight, and (how much it is different respectively to wood vinegar to wood vinegar because of different material with wood tar oil content with wood tar oil 2/3; But wood vinegar and wood tar oil mixture account for 2/3 weight), return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier mixes and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing to use; Wood tar oil then gets into hydrogenator, and reaction pressure is at 0.1～20MPa, under 300-500 ℃; Use the hydrogen catalyst hydrotreatment; With hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1, generates hydrogenation products through hydrogenation reaction, after the hydrogenation products fractionation the mixture of liquefied gas, gasoline and diesel oil.Technology of the present invention is simple, and cleaning, environmental protection are pollution-free, have saved a large amount of energy, is an innovation in the chemical field.
Four, description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is a process flow sheet of the present invention.
Five, embodiment
Elaborate below in conjunction with the practical situation specific embodiments of the invention.
Provided by accompanying drawing, system processing power of the present invention is designed to 1 ton/hour, 1 ton/hour of feeding rate; Biomass 10 get into cracking reactor 1 after drying and crushing; 650 ℃ of following cracking charings, get product: by weight percentage oil gas powdered carbon dirt mixture 45% and charcoal 55%, a charcoal part get into gasifier 7 from the air outlet, bottom; At 950 ℃ of following and air reaction generation carbon monoxide; Residue after the gasification is scum pipe 11 discharges from the bottom, together use as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, and charcoal another part gets into charcoal storage tank 8 and supplies secondary processing to use; Oil gas is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 260 ℃ of keeping warm modes, successively through settling pocket 2, revolve and get into separation column 5 fractionation, 35 ℃ of tower top temperatures after branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4 separates the powdered carbon dirt; 250 ℃ of column bottom temperatures, 90 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation gets middle calorific value gas 1/3 by weight; Wood vinegar and wood tar oil 2/3 wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier 7 mix and enter into cracking reactor 1; Supply cracking reactor 1 to make fuel and use, wood vinegar is sent into wood vinegar storage tank 9 and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator 6; Reaction pressure is at 10MPa, under 400 ℃, does the hydrogen catalyst hydrotreatment with cobalt or molybdenum; With hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1, and reaction generates hydrogenation products, after the hydrogenation products fractionation the mixture of liquefied gas, gasoline and diesel oil.
Primary product of the present invention comprises charcoal, wood vinegar, wood tar oil hydrogenation products; Said cracking reactor is to be processed by metallic substance or stupalith; Temperature of reaction is 500～800 ℃; Can be the present biomass cracking reactor drums that adopt such as commercially available moving-bed pyrolyzer, fluidized bed cracking stove; Type of heating is the combustion gas heating, the carbon monoxide that middle calorific value gas that the combustion gas of using produces as biomass cracking (main combustiblecomponents is hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide) and split product charcoal obtain after gasifying; Said settling pocket 2, revolve branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4 is the high-temperature oil gas dust-removal system, can be one, also a plurality of parallel connections or serial operation; Its middle setting chamber 2; Revolve branch separator 3 can with cracking reactor 1 processing all-in-one-piece structure, cyclonic separator is can design and installation inner at settling pocket, also can use settling pocket as required; Revolve the branch separator; A kind of or concentrated dust-removal system that is combined to form in three kinds of equipment of wire gauzee filter, whole dust-removal system need insulation, keep internal temperature more than 250 ℃; Said splitter column 5 can be tray column or packing tower, and cat head has condensing surface, has or do not have reboiler at the bottom of the tower; Said separation column not only can separate into the high-temperature oil gas after the dedusting middle calorific value gas, wood vinegar, wood tar oil, can also increase side line, the cut that wherein wood vinegar and wood tar oil are further cut into the differing temps scope; Said hydrogenator 6 can be low pressure, medium-pressure or high pressure hydrogenator, and inside is filled with catalyzer, and said catalyzer is any in cobalt, molybdenum, nickel, the tungsten, also can be the noble metal catalyst of platinum, rhenium; Said hydrogenation products can further utilize with splitter column 5 same separation columns and be fractionated into oil fuel such as liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel oil; Said gasifier 7 is commercially available moving-burden bed reactor, charcoal, empty G&W that the raw material that uses produces as cracking, and the residue of generation is processed into organic fertilizer with wood vinegar as raw material; Said biomass are agricultural stalk and timber, and wherein agricultural stalk comprises corn straw, cotton stalk, Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, soybean stalks etc., and timber comprises various trees and wood chip, sawdust etc.
Embodiment 1
The present invention is raw material with the cotton stalk, pulverizes the back granularity<5mm, water cut<15%, system processing power is designed to 1 ton/>hour, 1 ton/hour of feeding rate; Send into moving-bed pyrolyzer (reactor drum), 650 ℃ of cracking temperatures, cracking generates charcoal and the oil gas that contains powdered carbon dirt; It is about 5% to contain powdered carbon dirt in the oil gas, per hour produces the charcoal 350kg of weight meter, and wherein the 50kg charcoal gets into gasifier 7 from the air outlet, bottom; At 850 ℃ of following and air reaction generation carbon monoxide, the residue after the gasification is the scum pipe discharge from the bottom, together uses as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar; Charcoal 300kg, the 650kg oil gas of weight meter is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 270 ℃ of keeping warm modes, successively through settling pocket 2, revolve branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4; Separate dust (dust 32.5kg) back and get into separation column 5 fractionation, 30 ℃ of tower top temperatures, 280 ℃ of column bottom temperatures; 95 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation get middle calorific value gas 367.5kg/ hour of weight meter or are written as volume (300m
3/ hour), wood vinegar 200kg/ hour, wood tar oil 50kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier 7 mix and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator 6, and reaction pressure is at 8Mpa; Make hydrogen catalyst 350 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1 (cubic meter), obtains hydrogenation products 48kg/ hour of weight meter; After the fractionation liquefied gas 10kg/ hour of weight meter, gasoline fraction 12kg/ hour, diesel oil distillate 26kg/ hour; It is to be noted wood tar oil under hydrogenation and catalyst action and reaction, have the part wood tar oil in reaction, to generate water and catalyzer is discharged from together, so hydrogenation products is as follows less than the wood tar oil amount.
Embodiment 2
The present invention can sawdust be a raw material, granularity after pulverizing 1mm, < 15%, system processing power is designed to 1 ton/>hour to water cut; 1 ton/hour of feeding rate is sent into fluidized bed cracking stove (reactor drum), and 600 ℃ of cracking temperatures per hour produce the charcoal 320kg of weight meter; Wherein the 80kg charcoal gets into gasifier 7 from the air outlet, bottom, generates carbon monoxide with air reaction down at 1000 ℃, the residue after the gasification from the bottom scum pipe discharge, with wood vinegar together as the raw material use of organic fertilizer; Charcoal 240kg, the 600kg oil gas of weight meter is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 300 ℃ of keeping warm modes, successively through settling pocket 2, revolve branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4, separate dust (dust 30kg) back and get into separation column 5 fractionation; 25 ℃ of tower top temperatures, 300 ℃ of column bottom temperatures, 85 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs; Fractionation gets middle calorific value gas 290kg/ hour of weight meter or is written as volume (220m3/ hour), wood vinegar 180kg/ hour, wood tar oil 100kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier 7 mix and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator 6, and reaction pressure is at 5MPa; Make hydrogen catalyst 430 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1 (cubic meter), obtains hydrogenation products 900kg/ hour of weight meter; After the fractionation liquefied gas 20kg/ hour of weight meter, gasoline fraction 30kg/ hour, diesel oil distillate 40kg/ hour.
Embodiment 3
The present invention can also sawdust be a raw material, pulverizes the back granularity<1mm, water cut<10%, system processing power is designed to 1 ton/>hour, 1 ton/hour of feeding rate; Send into the moving-bed pyrolyzer, 680 ℃ of cracking temperatures per hour produce the charcoal 300kg of weight meter; Wherein the 80kg charcoal gets into gasifier 7 from the air outlet, bottom, and at 1100 ℃ of following and air reaction generation carbon monoxide, the residue after the gasification is the scum pipe discharge from the bottom; Together use as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, get charcoal 220kg, the 700kg oil gas of weight meter is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 320 ℃ of keeping warm modes; Successively through settling pocket 2, revolve branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4, separate dust (dust 35kg) back and get into separation column 5,20 ℃ of tower top temperatures; 350 ℃ of column bottom temperatures, 88 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation gets middle calorific value gas 245kg/ hour by weight or is written as volume (180m
3/ hour), wood vinegar 120kg/ hour, wood tar oil 300kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide that middle calorific value gas and gasifier 7 produces mixes and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator 6, and reaction pressure is at 15MPa; Make hydrogen catalyst through 450 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1 (cubic meter), obtains hydrogenation products 280kg/ hour of weight meter; After the fractionation liquefied gas 30kg/ hour of weight meter, gasoline fraction 90kg/ hour, diesel oil distillate 160kg/ hour.
Embodiment 4:
The present invention is raw material with the Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, pulverizes granularity<7mm, water cut<15%, system processing power is designed to 1 ton/>hour, 1 ton/hour of feeding rate; Send into the fluidized bed cracking stove, 700 ℃ of cracking temperatures per hour produce the charcoal 650kg of weight meter; Wherein the 150kg charcoal gets into gasifier 7 from the air outlet, bottom, generates carbon monoxide with air reaction down at 1200 ℃ and supplies cracking reactor to make fuel to use, and the residue after the gasification is the scum pipe discharge from the bottom; Together use as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, get charcoal 500kg, the 350kg oil gas of weight meter is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 350 ℃ of keeping warm modes; Successively through settling pocket 2, revolve branch separator 3, wire gauzee filter 4; Separate dust (dust 17.5kg) back and get into separation column 5 fractionation, 15 ℃ of tower top temperatures, 400 ℃ of column bottom temperatures; 92 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation get middle calorific value gas 82.5kg/ hour by weight or are written as volume (120m
3/ hour), wood vinegar 200kg/ hour, wood tar oil 50kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier 7 mix and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator 6, and reaction pressure is at 18MPa; Make hydrogen catalyst through 470 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000:1 (cubic meter), obtains hydrogenation products 48kg/ hour of weight meter; After the fractionation liquefied gas 10kg hour of weight meter, during gasoline fraction 12kg, diesel oil distillate 26kg hour.
The present invention combines gravity settling in the split product gas solid separation, revolve branch and separate and silk screen filter, makes oil gas satisfy the requirement of separation and secondary processing technology; Carbon monoxide after middle calorific value gas that the cracking energy that is consumed in the technological process produces after from biomass cracking and the gasification of solid charcoal, cleaning, environmental protection, energy consumption is low; Pass through hydrogenation technique; Wood tar oil is changed into hydrogenation products; And hydrogenation products can obtain fuel such as liquefied gas, gasoline, diesel oil after through further separation, can realize that agricultural-forestry biomass is converted into clean fuel and industrial chemicals, simultaneously; Do not have the harmful waste discharging in the whole machining process process, economic and social benefit is huge.
Claims (5)
1. a biomass processing method is characterized in that, is raw material with the cotton stalk, pulverizes back granularity＜5mm; Water cut＜15% with 1 ton/hour of feeding rate, is sent into the moving-bed pyrolyzer, 650 ℃ of cracking temperatures; Cracking generates charcoal and the oil gas that contains powdered carbon dirt, per hour produces charcoal 350kg, and wherein the 50kg charcoal gets into gasifier (7) from the air outlet, bottom, 850 ℃ down with air reaction generation carbon monoxide; Residue after the gasification is the scum pipe discharge from the bottom, together uses as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, gets charcoal 300kg, and 650kg oil gas is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 270 ℃ of keeping warm modes; Successively through settling pocket (2), revolve branch separator (3), wire gauzee filter (4), get into separation column (5) fractionation, 30 ℃ of tower top temperatures, 280 ℃ of column bottom temperatures after separating dust; 95 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation get middle calorific value gas 367.5kg/ hour of weight meter, wood vinegar 200kg/ hour, wood tar oil 50kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier (7) mixes and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator (6), and reaction pressure is at 8Mpa; Make hydrogen catalyst 350 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000: 1, obtain hydrogenation products 48kg/ hour of weight meter; Got liquefied gas 10kg/ hour after the fractionation, gasoline fraction 12kg/ hour, diesel oil distillate 26kg/ hour.
2. a biomass processing method is characterized in that, with Pericarppium arachidis hypogaeae, pulverizes; Granularity＜7mm, water cut＜15% with 1 ton/hour of feeding rate, is sent into the fluidized bed cracking stove; 700 ℃ of cracking temperatures per hour produce the charcoal 650kg of weight meter, and wherein the 150kg charcoal gets into gasifier (7) from the air outlet, bottom, generate carbon monoxide with air reaction down at 1200 ℃ and supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Residue after the gasification is the scum pipe discharge from the bottom, together uses as the raw material of organic fertilizer with wood vinegar, gets charcoal 500kg, and 350kg oil gas is carried powdered carbon dirt secretly under 350 ℃ of keeping warm modes; Successively through settling pocket (2), revolve branch separator (3), wire gauzee filter (4), get into separation column (5) fractionation, 15 ℃ of tower top temperatures, 400 ℃ of column bottom temperatures after separating dust; Calorific value gas 82.5kg/ hour during 92 ℃ of wood vinegar temperature outs, fractionation get, wood vinegar 200kg/ hour, wood tar oil 50kg/ hour; Wherein, return after the carbon monoxide in middle calorific value gas and the gasifier (7) mixes and enter into cracking reactor, supply cracking reactor to do the fuel use; Wood vinegar is sent into the wood vinegar storage tank and is supplied secondary processing usefulness, and wood tar oil is sent into hydrogenator (6), and reaction pressure is at 18MPa; Make hydrogen catalyst through 470 ℃ of hydrotreatments with cobalt or molybdenum, with hydrogen: the wood tar oil volume ratio is 1000-10000: 1, hydrogenation products 48kg/ hour; Got liquefied gas 10kg hour after the fractionation, during gasoline fraction 12kg, diesel oil distillate 26kg hour.
3. a kind of biomass processing method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, said cracking reactor is moving-bed pyrolyzer or the fluidized bed cracking stove of being processed by metallic substance or stupalith.
4. a kind of biomass processing method according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that, said settling pocket, revolve the branch separator, wire gauzee filter is the high-temperature oil gas dust-removal system, is one or more parallel connections or series connection; Its middle setting chamber, revolve branch separator and cracking reactor processing all-in-one-piece structure; Revolve the branch separator and be installed in settling pocket inside, with settling pocket, revolve the branch separator, wire gauzee filter is combined to form dust-removal system, whole dust-removal system keeps internal temperature more than 250 ℃.
5. a kind of biomass processing method according to claim 1 and 2; It is characterized in that; Said separation column is tray column or packing tower, and cat head has condensing surface, calorific value gas, wood vinegar, wood tar oil during the high-temperature oil gas of separation column after with dedusting separates into; Increase side line, the cut that wherein wood vinegar and wood tar oil are further cut into the differing temps scope.
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| CN105861073A (en) * | 2016-06-01 | 2016-08-17 | 北京神雾环境能源科技集团股份有限公司 | Method and system for purifying CO fuel gas through continuous pyrolysis of carbon-containing organic matter |
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