CN101012384A - Method and device for preparing combustion gas by gasifying biomass - Google Patents
Method and device for preparing combustion gas by gasifying biomass Download PDFInfo
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- CN101012384A CN101012384A CNA2007100370070A CN200710037007A CN101012384A CN 101012384 A CN101012384 A CN 101012384A CN A2007100370070 A CNA2007100370070 A CN A2007100370070A CN 200710037007 A CN200710037007 A CN 200710037007A CN 101012384 A CN101012384 A CN 101012384A
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- biomass
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- tar
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Abstract
The invention discloses a making method and device of gas based on biological material as raw material, which comprises the following steps: (1) breaking biological material; transmitting raw material into low-temperature pyrogenic furnace; pyrolising biological material at 300-500 deg.c under 0.3-0.5 Mpa into biological semi-coke; grinding into particle with grain size less than 300um; (2) putting semi-coke into gasifying furnace to react at 100-1250 deg.c; obtaining clean gas.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly produce the method and apparatus of the combustion gas that does not contain tar by biomass, a kind of specifically is the method and apparatus that clean fuel gas is produced in the gasification of unstripped gas fluidized bed with agriculture and forestry organic waste material, domestic waste.
Background technology
Biomass energy is one of main form of solar energy converting and accumulation, is unique existing mineral fuel attribute, can store again, transportation, renewable, the convertible and less energy that is subjected to natural condition restrictions.
In China, reach 4.87 hundred million tons of oil equivalents every year based on the biomass resource total amount of agricultural wastes, wherein having an appointment 3.7 hundred million tons can be used for generating and heat supply, accounts for 76% of total amount.The development and use of biomass energy can be alleviated national great strategic issues such as energy scarcity problem, problem of environmental pollution and agriculture, rural areas and farmers problem, and gasifying biomass is one of the most practical the rapidest technology of biomass energy higher-grade utilization development.
The core of gasifying biomass is a vapourizing furnace, and the height of vapourizing furnace energy conversion efficiency is the key point of whole gasification system.According to the principle of work of gasification, the at present main biomass gasifying furnace of using can be divided into two types of fixed bed and fluidized-beds.To fixed-bed gasification furnace, technology as ZL96228197.2, ZL98243726.9, ZL200420069768.6 patent disclosure, its great advantage is that raw material is lower without ash oontent in pre-treatment, simple and compact equipment structure, the combustion gas, but because reinforced and ash discharge problem, make its mode that is not easy to be designed to operation continuously, be not easy to amplify, and gasification intensity and efficiency of carbon conversion are lower.Biomass fluidized bed gasification furnace, technology as the ZL97246199.X patent disclosure, it helps the fluidization effect, material particles, thermal barrier and gasifying medium are fully contacted, be heated evenly, gasification reaction speed is very fast relatively, but carbon content is higher in the ash of its discharge and the flying dust, causes in the whole gasification efficiency of carbon conversion lower equally.
In addition, compare with fossil oil, the characteristics that biomass are the most outstanding are volatile content height, and no matter adopt fixed bed or fluidized-bed gasification, and its gasification temperature causes out the coal-tar middle oil content of raw gas of vapourizing furnace higher all less than 1000 ℃.Tar is gaseous state when high temperature, mix fully with inflammable gas, and be condensed into liquid state when low temperature (generally being lower than 200 ℃), and its separation and processing be difficulty very, and under combustible gas need be lowered the temperature situation about utilizing, problem was more outstanding.The existence of tar produces adverse influence to the gasifying biomass and the meeting of utilization thereof.At first it has reduced the vapourizing furnace gasification efficiency, and the energy of the coal-tar middle oil product of coal gas generally accounts for 5%～15% of total energy, and this part energy is difficult to be utilized with inflammable gas when low temperature, and major part is wasted; Secondly tar is condensed into liquid state when low temperature, and easy and water, coke etc. combine, and stop up gas pipe line, makes the equipment for gasification operation that difficulty take place; In addition, the tar that is condensed into fine drop is difficult to after-flame, is easy to generate particles such as carbon black when burning, utilizes equipment damage quite serious to combustion gas, and this just greatly reduces the utility value of gasification burning.
How to remove a key and a difficult problem that tar is biomass gasification technology always.For fixed bed and biomass fluid bed gasification, the method for removing tar at present has usual way and catalystic pyrolysis, and common law is removed tar can be divided into two kinds of wet method and dry method.But by to actual investigation and the analysis that utilizes situation, find no matter adopt which kind of decoking measure, cure the symptoms, not the disease mostly, and all be to containing the aftertreatment of tar raw gas, and the most essential method of decoking realizes out not containing in the fuel gas of gasifying furnace tar exactly.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the above-mentioned defective of prior art, disclosing a kind of is the method and apparatus that material gasification prepares combustion gas with biomass, to overcome the above-mentioned defective that prior art exists.
Method of the present invention comprises the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: with biomass material coarse crushing to 1～5mm, 100～150 ℃ are dried to the weight water content is 2%～20%%, send into the low temperature pyrogenation stove, biomass are pyrolytic reaction under 300～500 ℃, pressure 0.3～3.5MPa condition, generate the pyrolysis principal product, biomass semicoke and the pyrolysis gas that contains tar, then the biomass semicoke being ground to particle diameter is＜300 μ m, the pyrolysis gas that contains tar is through gas-oil separation, obtain pyrolytic tar and pyrolysis gas, pyrolysis gas is sent to follow-up workshop section;
(2) entrained flow gasification: the different passages that with particle diameter＜biomass semicoke of 300 μ m, pyrolytic tar, temperature are 25～500 ℃ the nozzle of vaporized chemical by being arranged on top of gasification furnace, enter vapourizing furnace, 1000～1250 ℃ of reactions down, heavy hydrocarbon materials such as tar have been cracked into micro-molecular gas, and the reaction of biomass semicoke generates CO, CO
2, H
2Deng, thereby the combustion gas of using vapourizing furnace does not contain tar, obtains clean fuel gas, and its main component is
24%～66% CO, 0～15% CO
2, 12%～50% H
2And the N of surplus
2With other micro-CH
4, H
2S and COS:
Said biomass material comprises more than one in agricultural crop straw, wood chip, fuel wood, weeds, husk, shell, bagasse, corn cob or the above-mentioned biomass;
Said vaporized chemical comprises that the volume content of air, oxygen, oxygen is 50%～100% oxygen-rich air;
Said pyrolytic tar comes from the low temperature pyrogenation stove;
The ratio of biomass material and vaporized chemical is 0.55～3.57 kilogram of biomass material/rice
3Vaporized chemical (standard state);
Be used to realize that the device of aforesaid method comprises pulverizer, moisture eliminator, low temperature pyrogenation stove, ball mill, airflow bed gasification furnace and the oil-gas separator that is connected by pipeline successively at least.
Without interruption for guaranteeing material, be provided with worm propeller in the low temperature pyrogenation stove, be used for pushing ahead of biomass.
The invention has the advantages that: 1. biomass are utilized " shearing " function of temperature in the low temperature pyrogenation stove, have not only improved the energy density of semicoke, and have improved the transport property of material.2. entrained flow gasification raw material and vaporized chemical mix, and gasification temperature height (＞1000 ℃) does not contain compositions such as tar, phenol in the gasification burning; overcome decoking and easily cause secondary pollution problem; gasification intensity is big, and efficiency of carbon conversion (＞98%) height is easily realized mass-producing and long period stably manufactured.
Fig. 1 is a biomass entrained flow gasification process flow diagram.
Fig. 2 is a biomass airflow bed gasification furnace structural representation.
Embodiment
Referring to Fig. 1, device of the present invention comprises pulverizer 1, moisture eliminator 2, low temperature pyrogenation stove 3, ball mill 4, airflow bed gasification furnace 5 and the oil-gas separator 9 that is connected by pipeline successively at least.
Be provided with worm propeller 6 in the low temperature pyrogenation stove 3, be used for pushing ahead of biomass, be provided with outer thermal source 8 outside the low temperature pyrogenation stove 3;
Said airflow bed gasification furnace 5 comprises body of heater 501 cylindraceous, be fixed on the fire grate 502 of body of heater 501 bottoms, be arranged on fire grate 502 bottoms the ash outlet, be arranged on clean fuel gas outlet 503 on the body of heater 501 on fire grate 502 tops, be arranged on the ash damper 504 before the clean fuel gas outlet 503 and be arranged on the gasification nozzle 506 at body of heater 501 tops, body of heater 501 inwalls are provided with refractory liner 505;
Said gasification nozzle 506 is provided with 3～10 passages, preferred 3 passages;
Preferably, the present invention also comprises preheater 7, and the thermal medium of said preheater 7 inlet 701 is connected with said clean fuel gas outlet 503, and the thermal medium of preheater 7 exports 702 and is connected with moisture eliminator 2;
The cold medium inlet 703 of preheater 7 is connected with the vaporized chemical source of the gas, and the cold media outlet 704 of preheater 7 is connected with the vaporized chemical passage of gasification nozzle 506.
Embodiment 1
Adopt the flow process of Fig. 1 and the airflow bed gasification furnace 5 of Fig. 2.Nozzle is provided with three passages.
Is 3mm through pulverizer 1 coarse crushing to median size with rice straw, send in the moisture eliminator 2, the thermal source of moisture eliminator 3 is provided for 660 ℃ hot combustion gas from the temperature of preheater 7 discharges, the fuel gas temperature that goes out moisture eliminator 3 is 130 ℃, dry back rice straw water ratio is 5%, and the living rice straw input speed of going into low temperature pyrogenation stove 3 is 75kg/h, in the process of screw propulsion, temperature rise rate is controlled at 5 ℃/min, arrives low temperature pyrogenation stove 3 exit pyrolysis temperatures and is about 300 ℃.The pyrolysis gas that contains tar carries out gas-oil separation through oil-gas separator 9, obtains pyrolytic tar and pyrolysis gas, and pyrolysis gas is sent to follow-up workshop section;
The biomass semicoke that obtains is admitted to ball mill 4 and is ground to＜300 μ m, enters gasification nozzle 506 centre channels by air conveying mode.Pyrolytic tar enters vapourizing furnace 5 by second and third passage of gasification nozzle 506 respectively, vapourizing furnace 5 pressure 0.2MPa with the air that is preheating to 450 ℃.The flow of vaporized chemical air is 125.25Nm
3/ h, the fuel gas temperature that goes out vapourizing furnace 5 is 1052 ℃.High-temperature fuel gas and normal temperature air are after preheater 7 heat exchange, and air is heated to 450 ℃, and high-temperature fuel gas is cooled to 660 ℃.The fuel gas temperature of discharging from the heat tunnel of moisture eliminator 2 and low temperature pyrogenation stove 3 is lower, but also contains a certain amount of lime-ash, sends into follow-up workshop section, separates and washing tower, can obtain clean combustion gas.The gas component that obtains is (volume): H
2: 13.79%, CO:30.07%, CO
2: 2.69%, N
2: 53.38%, CH
4: 0.00%, H
2S:0.06%, COS:0.01%.
Efficiency of carbon conversion is 99.89%; The low calorific gas value is 5.29MJ/Nm
3
Adopting the flow process identical with embodiment 1, is raw material with the pine sawdust, and input speed is 200kg/h, and the flow of vaporized chemical oxygen is 76.61Nm
3/ h;
The temperature of vaporized chemical oxygen is 25 ℃, and vapourizing furnace 5 pressure are 3.0MPa, and temperature is 1240 ℃.
The gas component that obtains is (volume): H
2: 32.74%, CO:65.08%, CO
2: 1.58%, N
2: 0.12%, CH
4: 0.36%, H
2S:0.11%, COS:0.01%.
Efficiency of carbon conversion is 99.89%; The low calorific gas value is 11.88MJ/Nm
3
Embodiment 3
Adopting the flow process identical with embodiment 1, is raw material with the mixture (1: 1, weight) of rice straw and wood chip, and input speed is 100kg/h, and the flow of vaporized chemical oxygen-rich air (oxygen level 50%) is 81.31Nm
3/ h;
The temperature of vaporized chemical oxygen-rich air (oxygen level 50%) is 25 ℃, and vapourizing furnace 5 pressure are 3.0MPa, and temperature is 1236 ℃.
The gas component that obtains is (volume): H
2: 24.33%, CO:53.46%, CO
2: 1.35%, N
2: 20.59%, CH
4: 0.16%, H
2S:0.10%, COS:0.01%.
Efficiency of carbon conversion is 99.87%; The low calorific gas value is 9.29MJ/Nm
3
Claims (10)
1. be the method that material gasification prepares combustion gas with biomass, comprise the steps:
(1) raw materials pretreatment: with the biomass material coarse crushing, send into the low temperature pyrogenation stove, biomass are pyrolytic reaction under 300～500 ℃, pressure 0.3～3.5MPa condition, generate the pyrolysis principal product, biomass semicoke and the pyrolysis gas that contains tar, the pyrolysis gas that contains tar obtains pyrolytic tar and pyrolysis gas through gas-oil separation, and the biomass semicoke is ground to particle diameter＜300 μ m;
(2) entrained flow gasification: be the different passages of 25～500 ℃ the nozzle of vaporized chemical by being arranged on top of gasification furnace with particle diameter＜biomass semicoke of 300 μ m, pyrolytic tar, temperature, enter vapourizing furnace,, obtain clean fuel gas 1000～1250 ℃ of reactions down.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, with biomass material coarse crushing to 1～5mm, 100～150 ℃ are dried to the weight water content is 2%～20%.
3. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said biomass material comprises more than one in agricultural crop straw, wood chip, fuel wood, weeds, husk, shell, bagasse, corn cob or the above-mentioned biomass.
4. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, said vaporized chemical comprises that air, oxygen, the long-pending content of oxysome are 50%～100% oxygen-rich air.
5. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that said pyrolytic tar comes from the low temperature pyrogenation stove.
6. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, the ratio of biomass material and vaporized chemical is 0.55～3.57 kilogram of biomass material/rice
3Vaporized chemical (standard state).
7. be used to realize the device of each described method of claim 1～6, comprise pulverizer (1), moisture eliminator (2), low temperature pyrogenation stove (3), ball mill (4) and the airflow bed gasification furnace (5) and and the oil-gas separator (9) that are connected by pipeline successively at least.
8. device according to claim 7 is characterized in that, is provided with worm propeller (6) in the low temperature pyrogenation stove (3).
9. according to claim 7 or 8 described devices, it is characterized in that, said airflow bed gasification furnace (5) comprises body of heater cylindraceous (501), be fixed on the fire grate (502) of body of heater (501) bottom, be arranged on the ash outlet of fire grate (502) bottom, be arranged on the clean fuel gas outlet (503) on the body of heater (501) on fire grate (502) top, be arranged on the gasification nozzle (506) that clean fuel gas exports (503) preceding ash damper (504) and is arranged on body of heater (501) top, body of heater (501) inwall is provided with refractory liner (505), and said gasification nozzle (506) is provided with 3～10 passages.
10. device according to claim 9, it is characterized in that, also comprise preheater (7), the thermal medium inlet (701) of said preheater (7) exports (503) with said clean fuel gas and is connected, and the thermal medium outlet (702) of preheater (7) is connected with moisture eliminator (2); The cold medium inlet (703) of preheater (7) is connected with the vaporized chemical source of the gas, and the cold media outlet (704) of preheater (7) is connected with the vaporized chemical passage of gasification nozzle (506).
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (14)
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| CN101838558A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-22 | 上海交通大学 | Mixed fuel coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification system |
| CN102643676A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN102746901A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-24 | 侯小兵 | Two-stage type pyrolysis and gasification treatment system |
| CN101705114B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-03-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing combustible gas by using rotary kiln to melt and gasify household garbage |
| CN103074113A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-05-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing gas by using biomass and coal |
| CN103140569A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-06-05 | 科廷科技大学 | Method of and system for grinding pyrolysis of particulate carbonaceous feedstock |
| CN104034030A (en) * | 2014-06-29 | 2014-09-10 | 芜湖长启炉业有限公司 | Multi-source efficient and environment-friendly integrated hot air furnace |
| CN104560217A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 上海鑫兴化工科技有限公司 | Method and system for co-production and gasification of oil and gas |
| CN105861067A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 湖南大学 | Mid-and-low temperature solar energy-biomass gasification polygeneration system |
| CN105907426A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 湖南大学 | Solar energy and biomass coupled heat-electricity-cool triplex cogeneration system |
| CN108626710A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | A kind of fire coal biomass coupled electricity-generation system |
| CN111073711A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Low-tar biomass gasification method and system |
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- 2007-01-31 CN CNA2007100370070A patent/CN101012384A/en active Pending
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| CN101705114B (en) * | 2009-11-20 | 2013-03-06 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing combustible gas by using rotary kiln to melt and gasify household garbage |
| CN101838558A (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2010-09-22 | 上海交通大学 | Mixed fuel coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification system |
| CN101838558B (en) * | 2010-06-13 | 2013-01-09 | 上海交通大学 | Mixed fuel coal water slurry entrained flow bed gasification system |
| CN103140569A (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-06-05 | 科廷科技大学 | Method of and system for grinding pyrolysis of particulate carbonaceous feedstock |
| CN103140569B (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2015-06-24 | 科廷科技大学 | Method of and system for grinding pyrolysis of particulate carbonaceous feedstock |
| CN102643676B (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2014-05-28 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN102643676A (en) * | 2012-04-28 | 2012-08-22 | 广西大学 | Method for self-heating pyrolysis gasification of biomass by gas backflow combustion |
| CN102746901A (en) * | 2012-07-16 | 2012-10-24 | 侯小兵 | Two-stage type pyrolysis and gasification treatment system |
| CN103074113A (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2013-05-01 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing gas by using biomass and coal |
| CN103074113B (en) * | 2013-02-26 | 2014-05-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for preparing gas by using biomass and coal |
| CN104034030A (en) * | 2014-06-29 | 2014-09-10 | 芜湖长启炉业有限公司 | Multi-source efficient and environment-friendly integrated hot air furnace |
| CN104560217A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-29 | 上海鑫兴化工科技有限公司 | Method and system for co-production and gasification of oil and gas |
| CN105861067A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-17 | 湖南大学 | Mid-and-low temperature solar energy-biomass gasification polygeneration system |
| CN105907426A (en) * | 2016-04-13 | 2016-08-31 | 湖南大学 | Solar energy and biomass coupled heat-electricity-cool triplex cogeneration system |
| CN108626710A (en) * | 2018-05-09 | 2018-10-09 | 中冶华天南京工程技术有限公司 | A kind of fire coal biomass coupled electricity-generation system |
| CN112390617A (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2021-02-23 | 李犀守 | Circulation regeneration system |
| CN112390617B (en) * | 2019-08-15 | 2022-05-24 | 李犀守 | Circulation regeneration system |
| CN111073711A (en) * | 2019-12-02 | 2020-04-28 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | Low-tar biomass gasification method and system |
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