CN101353273A - Humic acid agricultural precise activation technology and use thereof - Google Patents
Humic acid agricultural precise activation technology and use thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101353273A CN101353273A CNA2007100168962A CN200710016896A CN101353273A CN 101353273 A CN101353273 A CN 101353273A CN A2007100168962 A CNA2007100168962 A CN A2007100168962A CN 200710016896 A CN200710016896 A CN 200710016896A CN 101353273 A CN101353273 A CN 101353273A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of humic acid organic fertilizers and relates to a humic acid agricultural accurate activation technology and the application thereof. The humic acid agricultural accurate activation technology provided in the invention is characterized in that a mixture of NH4HCO3 and NaOH are taken as an activating agent, by controlling and adjusting the adding amount of the activating agent, the dose proportion of NH4HCO3 and NaOH in the activating agent and the activating time, the activating degree of the humic acid is controlled to achieve the expected range. In the activating agent, the weight proportion of the NH4HCO3 and the NaOH is 1:0.2-0.5(based on 100%, the same below), the weight proportion of the activating agent and the humic acid raw material (based on 100% of the humic acid, the humic acid raw material is abbreviated as humic acid hereinafter) is 1:2-4. The activation technology has low cost of the activating agent, simple operation and high conversion efficiency, and is suitable for large-sale production. By adopting the humic acid agricultural accurate activation technology, the humic acid with different activating degrees can be obtained based on the different requirements of crops, thus promoting the growth of the crops and reducing waste.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to humic acid organic fertilizer material technical field, relate to a kind of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology and application thereof.
Background technology
Fertilizer is the indispensable production factors of modern agriculture, plays significant effect to improving crop yield.Fertilizer can be divided into from composition: organic fertilizer and mineral manure, that common fertilizer has is dirty, smelly, unhygienic, nutrient content is low, fertilizer efficiency is slow and use shortcoming such as inconvenience, chemical fertilizer nutrient content height, fertilizer efficiency is fast and easy to use, but uses inorganic fertilizer that contaminate environment is arranged separately, reduces quality of agricultural product, destroys negative impact such as soil property.Organic and inorganic, biological three unification is more satisfactory fertilizing method, can have complementary advantages, the fertilizer nutrient complete with the single complementation of inorganic nutrients, the fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is slowly and the fast complementation of inorganic fertilizer fertilizer efficiency etc.
Humic acids has become indispensable a kind of organic fertilizer composition in the agriculture production with its exclusive characteristic.Humic acids is the macromolecular cpd of element of the first species's complexity, it contains elements such as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, be the polycondensate of a kind of multivalence phenol type aromatics and nitrogen compound, contain multiple functional groups such as phenolic hydroxyl group, hydroxyl, alcoholic extract hydroxyl group, quinone hydroxyl, enol base, sulfonic group, amido, free quinonyl, semiquinone base, methoxyl group.Each intertwines by chemistry, physical actions such as bonding, hydrogen bond, absorption between forming, because the existence of these active groups, determined the acid of humic acids must property, wetting ability, ion exchangeable, complexing, have higher adsorptive power, surge capability and catalytic capability etc.The air permeability that it can be improved the soil, improve water conservation, the fertilizer-preserving ability of soil, the activity of pathogenic bacteria in the antagonism soil, improve the disease resistance of crop, indissoluble nutrient in the activating soil stimulates plant growth, makes the crop root prosperity, branches and leaves are luxuriant, completely filled fruit, output improve, and mouthfeel, quality improve.
Because the molecular structure of humic acids is very complicated and unstable, so so far still can not synthetic, at occurring in nature, contain abundant organic matter and humic acids in the mineral wealth such as weathered coal, brown coal, peat, these peats are as the base-material of fertilizer, composite with an amount of mineral manure and various element, can full nutrition is provided and can improve the soil again to crop.
Because it is underground that these long-term envelopes of peat that are rich in humic acids are pressed in, structure is tight, and colloid is aging, composition is fixed, and directly the as fertilizer sources application effect is undesirable, needs through activation treatment, aging, fixed a large amount of organic matters and humic acids are activated its due effect of competence exertion.The existing activating technology complexity of utilizing weathered coal and brown coal to produce humic acids, the cost height be unfavorable for large-scale industrial production and agriculture large-area applications, and activation effect is bad, and activation degree can not be controlled.
The inventor has carried out research for many years, having done a large amount of investigation finds, different crops if the very high humic acids of activation degree is executed on insensitive crop to humic acids, then makes humic acid fertilizer fully do not absorbed by crop the susceptibility difference of humic acids, and cause the too fast loss of fertilizer, and the increase activating cost, cause waste, if the high crop of humic acids susceptibility is imposed the lower humic acids of activation degree, then influence the performance of fertilizer efficiency, do not reach the ideal effect.
Summary of the invention
For solving problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology, precise activation technology of the present invention is at the different requirements of Different Crop to the humic acids activation degree, controls the activation degree of humic acids accurately and effectively.Thereby reduced the waste of fertilizer efficiency, reduced the humic acids activating cost and be convenient to large-scale industrial production.
Humic acid agricultural precise activation technology provided by the present invention is: adopt NH
4HCO
3With the mixture of NaOH be activator, NH in the add-on by the regulating and controlling activator, the activator
4HCO
3With usage ratio and the soak time of NaOH, the activation degree of control humic acids reaches the expection claimed range.
NH in the above-mentioned used activator
4HCO
3With the part by weight of NaOH be 1: 0.2～0.5 (folding 100%, as follows).
The add-on of said activator, promptly the part by weight of activator and humic acid material (roll over 100% humic acids meter, be designated hereinafter simply as humic acids) is: 1: 2～4.
Humic acids precise activation technology of the present invention is realized by following processing step:
1, the pre-treatment of humic acid material: humic acid materials such as weathered coal, humic acid are dried under 105 ℃～115 ℃ conditions, moisture is reduced to about 15%, pulverize again, cross 40 mesh sieves.
2, the preparation of activator: with bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide with 1: 0.2-0.5 part by weight uniform mixing.
3, with activator and humic acids by 1: 2～4 part by weight mixing and stirring, keep humidity 15-20% at normal temperatures, seal 30--48 hour, it is fully activated, promptly make needed activation degree and be 33%～92% activated humic acid.
Activating process activator cost of the present invention is low, easy and simple to handle, transformation efficiency is high, be fit to large-scale production.
Can obtain the different humic acids of activation degree according to the needs of Different Crop by above humic acid agricultural precise activation technology, can promote plant growth like this, can cut the waste again.
The activatory humic acids cooperates with chemical fertilizer produces compoiste fertilizer, can improve the efficient of organic composition and chemical fertilizer, can give full play to both advantages, can improve fertilizer utilization ratio, can improve the soil again and improves quality of agricultural product.Adopt humic acids, chemical fertilizer and microbial preparation to cooperate and produce commodity particle humic acids organic composite fertilizer, three's function can both perform to optimum extent.
The inventor confirms by a large amount of investigation: different crops is to the susceptibility difference of humic acid fertilizer, and root crop needs the humic acids activation degree to be about 30-40%; The leaf vegetables crop needs the humic acids activation degree to be about 50-60%; Solanberry class crop needs the humic acids activation degree to be about 70-80%.
For satisfying the needs of above-mentioned Different Crop, the invention provides the precise activation method of the activation humic acids that is suitable for the Different Crop demand.
The activation condition that root crop needs activation degree to be about the humic acids of 30-40% is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.2～0.25 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 3.5～4;
Soak time 30--36 hour.
The activation condition that the leaf vegetables crop needs activation degree to be about the humic acids of 50-60% is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.25～0.35 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 3.0～3.5;
Soak time 36～42 hours.
The activation condition that solanberry class crop needs activation degree to be about 70～80% humic acids is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.35～0.45 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 2.5～3.0;
Soak time 42～48 hours.
The activation condition that some crop needs activation degree to be about 80～90% humic acids is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.45～0.5 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 2～2.5;
Soak time 48 hours.
Adopt above-mentioned precise activation method, can " precisely " humic acid material is activated to required activation degree, with this precise activation humic acids composite fertilizer that is feedstock production, its fertilizer efficiency can be not fully exerted, make full use of, promptly save the fertiliser production cost, save peasant's use cost again, have great application value.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the humic acid agricultural precise activation technology process flow sheet
Embodiment
Now humic acids precise activation technology of the present invention is applied to make the concrete prescription and the processing technology of composite fertilizer with the specific embodiment explanation:
Embodiment 1. potatos are used organic composite humic fertilizer
Potato belongs to root crop, and it is 40% that the humic acids activation degree is required.
Concrete prescription is as follows:
Bicarbonate of ammonia: 8kg sodium hydroxide: 2kg humic acids: 40kg
Urea: 20kg monoammonium phosphate: 13kg K
2SO
4: 16kg (NH
4)
2SO
4: 0.5kg wilkinite: 0.5kg
Concrete preparation method is as follows:
The bicarbonate of ammonia of 8kg, the sodium hydroxide of 2kg are mixed, mix with the humic acids of 40kg again, stir, under normal temperature and 15-20% humidity, seal 36 hours, it is fully activated, make activation degree and be 40% humic acids 50kg.Technology adds urea, monoammonium phosphate, K routinely again
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, wilkinite mixes, make potato by following processing step and use organic composite humic fertilizer.
Concrete preparation flow is referring to Figure of description 1.
The humic acids granular organic fertilizer can adopt pair roller type Squeezinggranulator, muller formula Squeezinggranulator and tumbling disk granulator production.The pair roller type Squeezinggranulator also can be used to produce thing type fertilizer, its less investment, and prilling temperature is low, and it is spherical all over congratulating that disposable balling ratio height, particle are, and outward appearance is good.Adopt rotating disk or drum granulating, fineness requirement strictness to raw material, raw material must be more than 60 orders, the add-on of activation peat has certain requirement generally below 50% to binding agent, all need dry after the granulation, and the oven dry amount is big, so making the high fertilizer of organic content, the one-time investment amount can be selected the disk granulation for use when higher.
Below introduce contrast application experiment result:
First group of contrast experiment:
The compoiste fertilizer of the humic acids processing of different activation degrees is to the equivalence contrast manure trial of potato.
For the examination material: activation degree is respectively the compoiste fertilizer of 20%, 30%, 40%, 60%, 80% humic acids processing.
Test design: six contrasts are set: (1) blank (water); (2) activation degree is 20% humic acids compound organic fertilizer; (3) activation degree is 30% organic composite humic fertilizer.(4) organic composite humic fertilizer of activation degree %.(5) activation degree is 60% organic composite humic fertilizer.(6) activation degree is 80% organic composite humic fertilizer.
The organic composite humic fertilizer of different activation degrees is to spring potato manure trial volume analysis table:
Conclusion: as can be seen by above simultaneous test, the output of the group of not applying fertilizer is minimum, the administration of activated degree is that the potato yield of 20% organic composite humic fertilizer is imitated low, the administration of activated degree be 40% and the potato yield of above organic composite humic fertilizer higher, when activation degree output increase rate maximum to 40% time, but the high again organic composite humic fertilizer of activation degree does not have many again influences to the output of potato.
Second group of contrast experiment:
For trying material: diammonium phosphate urea; Fertilizer special for vegetable (N, P, K are 25%); Activation degree is that 40% potato is used organic composite humic fertilizer.
Test design: do 4 control groups, be respectively: (1) blank (CK), (2) habits fertilization group: mu is executed diammonium phosphate urea 51.2kg; (3) special-purpose fertile group: mu is executed fertilizer special for vegetable 50kg; (4) activation degree is that 40% potato is used organic composite humic fertilizer 48.3kg.(2,3,4 groups institute's applying fertilizer prices equate) various fertilizer treatment are to autumn potato yield cartogram:
| Contrast (CK) | The habits fertilization group | Special-purpose fertile group | Potato is used organic composite humic fertilizer | |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 2218.3 | 2884.6 | 3077.8 | 3426.2 |
Conclusion: by using the activation degree that above preparation technology obtains is that 40% potato is used organic composite humic fertilizer, can obviously improve the individual fertility of potato proterties, individual plant caking weight increases, bulk horse bell administration ratio improves, significantly increase content, starch and the ascorbic content of potato dry-matter, the effect of increasing income is remarkable, increases economic efficiency.
Embodiment 2. Chinese cabbages are used organic composite humic fertilizer
Chinese cabbage is 60% to the requirement of humic acids activation degree.
Concrete prescription is as follows:
Bicarbonate of ammonia: 7.4kg sodium hydroxide: 2.6kg humic acids: 35kg
Urea: 25kg monoammonium phosphate: 12kg K
2SO
4: 16kg (NH
4)
2SO
4: 0.5kg wilkinite: 0.5kg
Concrete preparation method is as follows:
The bicarbonate of ammonia of 7.4kg, the sodium hydroxide of 2.6kg are mixed, mix with the humic acids of 35kg again, stir, under normal temperature and 15-20% humidity, seal 42 hours, it is fully activated, make activation degree and be 60% humic acids 45kg.Technology is mixed with urea, monoammonium phosphate, K2SO4, (NH4) 2SO4, wilkinite routinely, and being processed into activation degree by following processing step is that 60% Chinese cabbage is used organic composite humic fertilizer.
Concrete preparation flow is referring to Figure of description 1.
Below introduce contrast application experiment result:
First group of contrast experiment:
The organic composite humic fertilizer of different activation degrees is to the equivalence contrast manure trial of Chinese cabbage.
For trying material: activation degree is respectively 30%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90% organic composite humic fertilizer.
Test design: six contrasts are set: (1) blank (water) (2) activation degree is 30% organic composite humic fertilizer.(3) activation degree is 50% organic composite humic fertilizer.(4) activation degree is 60% organic composite humic fertilizer.(5) activation degree is 80% organic composite humic fertilizer.(6) activation degree is 90% organic composite humic fertilizer.
The organic composite humic fertilizer of different activation degrees is to Chinese cabbage manure trial volume analysis table:
Conclusion: show that by above simultaneous test the output of the group of not applying fertilizer is minimum, the administration of activated degree is that the Chinese cabbage output of 30% and 50% organic composite humic fertilizer is lower, and the administration of activated degree is 60% and above
The Chinese cabbage output of organic composite humic fertilizer is higher, but test finds when activation degree output increase rate maximum to 60% time, the influence more than the high again organic composite humic fertilizer of activation degree does not have again with the output of Chinese cabbage.
Second group of contrast experiment:
For trying material: activation degree is that 60% Chinese cabbage is used organic composite humic fertilizer, fertilizer special for vegetable, urea.Treatment Design: (1) contrast (CK): fertilise not; (2) custom is fertile: mu is executed urea 68.6kg; (3)
Special-purpose fertile: mu is executed fertilizer special for vegetable (NPK25%) 100kg; (4) fertilizer: it is that 60% Chinese cabbage is used organic composite humic fertilizer 100kg that mu is executed activation degree.(except that contrast, the used fertilizer price of each fertilizer treatment equates)
Various fertilizer treatment are to Chinese cabbage output statistics table:
| Contrast (CK) | The habits fertilization group | Special-purpose fertile group | Chinese cabbage is used organic composite humic fertilizer | |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 7615.4 | 9854.8 | 10958.9 | 14462.3 |
Conclusion: to be 60% Chinese cabbage can obviously improve the individual fertility of Chinese cabbage proterties with organic composite humic fertilizer to activation degree, and heavy, the single ball of individual plant is heavy, number and clean vegetables rate all obviously are better than special-purpose fertile and custom is fertile handles in the ball; Three kinds of fertilizer treatment all have effect of increasing production to Chinese cabbage, but the effect of increasing production of organic composite humic fertilizer and economic benefit are the most remarkable.
Embodiment 3. tomato organic composite humic fertilizers
Tomato is 80% to the requirement of humic acids activation degree.
Concrete prescription is as follows:
Bicarbonate of ammonia 6.9kg sodium hydroxide: 3.5kg humic acids: 29.6kg
Urea: 25kg monoammonium phosphate: 16kg K
2SO
4: 18kg (NH
4)
2SO
4: 0.5kg wilkinite: 0.5kg
Concrete preparation method is as follows:
The bicarbonate of ammonia of 7.1kg, the sodium hydroxide of 3.3kg are mixed, mix with the humic acids of 29.6kg again, stir, under normal temperature and 15-20% humidity, seal 48 hours, it is fully activated, make activation degree and be 80% humic acids 40kg.Technology and urea, monoammonium phosphate, K routinely
2SO
4, (NH
4)
2SO
4, wilkinite mixes, making activation degree by following processing step is 80% tomato organic composite humic fertilizer.
Concrete preparation flow is referring to Figure of description 1.
Below introduce contrast application experiment result:
First group of contrast experiment:
The organic composite humic fertilizer of different activation degrees is to the equivalence contrast manure trial of tomato.
For trying material: activation degree is respectively 30%, 50%, 60%, 80%, 90% organic composite humic fertilizer.
Test design: six contrasts are set: (1) blank (water); (2) activation degree is 30% organic composite humic fertilizer; (3) activation degree is 50% organic composite humic fertilizer; (4) activation degree is 60% organic composite humic fertilizer; (5) activation degree is 80% organic composite humic fertilizer; (6) activation degree is 90% organic composite humic fertilizer.
The organic composite humic fertilizer of different activation degrees is to tomato manure trial volume analysis table:
Conclusion:: show by above simultaneous test, the output of the group of not applying fertilizer is minimum, the administration of activated degree is that the tomato production of 30% and 50% organic composite humic fertilizer is lower, the administration of activated degree is that the tomato production of 80% above organic composite humic fertilizer is the highest, but test finds when activation degree output increase rate maximum to 80% time, the influence more than the high again organic composite humic fertilizer of activation degree does not have again with the output of tomato.
Second group of contrast experiment:
For trying material: diammonium phosphate, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, humic acid complex fertilizer.
Test design: do 4 processing: (1) contrast (CK): not fertilise, (2) phosphorus ammonium: mu is executed diammonium phosphate 102.4kg, (3) composite fertilizer: use Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N: P: K=15: 15: 15) 96.6kg, (4) humic acid complex fertilizer (degree of activation 80%): 100kg for every mu.(2,3,4 handle the applying fertilizer equivalence)
Various fertilizer treatment are to the cartogram of tomato production:
| Contrast (CK) | The habits fertilization group | Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium | The special-purpose organic composite humic fertilizer of tomato | |
| Per mu yield (kg) | 5001 | 5834.5 | 6668 | 7668.2 |
Conclusion: experiment shows, by using the tomato organic composite humic fertilizer, can improve the individual fertility of tomato proterties, per plant weight increases, big fruit ratio height, and custom can increase production 20% with fertilizer, obvious effect of increasing production, the commodity height, economic benefit is very good.
Claims (7)
1, a kind of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology is characterized in that: adopt NH
4HCO
3With the mixture of NaOH be activator, NH in the add-on by the regulating and controlling activator, the activator
4HCO
3With usage ratio and the soak time of NaOH, the activation degree of control humic acids reaches the expection claimed range.
2. humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
NH
4HCO
3With the part by weight of NaOH be 1: 0.2-0.5;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is: 1: 2-4.
3, humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that:
Humic acids precise activation technology of the present invention is realized by following processing step:
(1), the pre-treatment of weathered coal: weathered coal is dried under 105 ℃～115 ℃ conditions, and moisture is reduced to about 15%, pulverizes again, crosses 40 mesh sieves;
(2), the preparation of activator: adopt by bicarbonate of ammonia and two kinds of auxiliary agents of sodium hydroxide with 1: the humic acids activator that the 0.2-0.5 part by weight is formed;
(3), weathered coal is rolled over 100% humic acids (following general designation humic acids), humic acids and activator with 1: the part by weight mixing and stirring of 2-4 under the normal temperature temperature and under the 15-20% humidity, seals 30-48 hour, it is fully activated, can make the activated humic acid of required activation degree.
4, the application of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 on root crop is characterized in that: the activation degree of described humic acids is: 30-40%, and its activation condition is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.2～0.25 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 3.5～4;
Soak time 30--36 hour.
5, the application of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 on the leaf vegetables crop is characterized in that: the leaf vegetables crop needs activation degree to be: 50-60%, and its activation condition is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.25～0.35 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 3.0～3.5;
Soak time 36～42 hours.
6, the application of humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 on solanberry class crop is characterized in that: solanberry class crop needs activation degree to be: 70～80%, and its activation condition is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.35～0.45 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 2.5～3.0;
Soak time 42～48 hours.
7, humic acid agricultural precise activation technology as claimed in claim 1 is application on the crop of 80-90% needing the humic acids activation degree, and it is characterized in that: activation condition is:
The part by weight of bicarbonate of ammonia and sodium hydroxide is 1: 0.45～0.5 in the activator;
The part by weight of activator and humic acids is 1: 2.0～2.5;
Soak time 48 hours.
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| CNA2007100168962A CN101353273A (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2007-07-25 | Humic acid agricultural precise activation technology and use thereof |
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| CNA2007100168962A CN101353273A (en) | 2007-07-25 | 2007-07-25 | Humic acid agricultural precise activation technology and use thereof |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103274797A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-04 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Preparation method and activating reactor for granular potassium-containing humic acid urea |
| CN103319227A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Continuous production method of granular humic acid urea and activation reactor |
| CN106242881A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-12-21 | 左文 | A kind of preparation method improving humic acids quality |
| CN108586164A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-09-28 | 广西亿润生物科技有限公司 | Long-acting corn special-purpose compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2007
- 2007-07-25 CN CNA2007100168962A patent/CN101353273A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103274797A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-04 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Preparation method and activating reactor for granular potassium-containing humic acid urea |
| CN103319227A (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2013-09-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Continuous production method of granular humic acid urea and activation reactor |
| CN103319227B (en) * | 2013-06-13 | 2015-03-25 | 山东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所 | Continuous production method of granular humic acid urea and activation reactor |
| CN106242881A (en) * | 2015-10-20 | 2016-12-21 | 左文 | A kind of preparation method improving humic acids quality |
| CN108586164A (en) * | 2018-01-26 | 2018-09-28 | 广西亿润生物科技有限公司 | Long-acting corn special-purpose compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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Application publication date: 20090128 |