CN101336609A - Method for adjusting two-line hybrid-rice seed-production blooming-period using Yangdao 6 nitrogen fertilizer sensitivity characteristic - Google Patents
Method for adjusting two-line hybrid-rice seed-production blooming-period using Yangdao 6 nitrogen fertilizer sensitivity characteristic Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention discloses a method for regulating florescence of two-line hsien hybrid seed production by utilizing sensory characteristic of nitrogen fertiliser of Yang rice No. 6. According to the characteristic of young ears upgrowth progress which can be delayed by increasing nitrogen fertiliser in ear growth period of two-line hsien male parent Yang rice No. 6, the heading stage of Yang rice No. 6 is 3-5 days earlier than that of the corresponding female parent to insure parental florescence in the same time. According to the result of forecasting florescence, if the heading stage of male parent is 1-2 days earlier than that of the female parent, the normal nitrogen fertiliser regulation does not need to be changed for the male parent. If the heading stage of male parent is over 2 days earlier than that of the female parent, the male parent needs to be fertilized with more nitrogen fertilizer to prolong young ears upgrowth progress and put off ear sprouting period, and thereby the parental florescences can meet each other to enhance outcrossing rate and yield of seed production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of paddy rice producing method for seed, especially relate to the method that a kind of double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice seed production florescence is regulated.
Background technology
China's two line method hybridization long-grained nonglutinous rice development occupies first place in the world with application.In Jiangsu, one season of the Changjiang river middle and lower reaches medium rice growing area such as Anhui, Hubei, Henan, Jiangxi, Zhejiang, 3,448 ten thousand mu of plantations in 2005 to 2006, be 3,116 ten thousand mu of the cultivated areas such as double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice combination " two line system ", " rich two excellent No. 1 ", " raise two excellent No. 6 ", " Y two excellent No. 1 " of male parent preparation wherein, account for 90.4% with " raising rice No. 6 ".Raising is the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice production of hybrid seeds level of male parent preparation with " raising rice No. 6 ", has become the major issue of development and application double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice.
Improve two-line hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds level, relate to two aspects, the one, prevent two-line hybrid rice maternal breeding fertility fluctuation, improve seed production quality; The 2nd, avoid this flowering asynchronism of father and mother, improve hybrid seed yield.
The comprehensively practice of the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice production of hybrid seeds for many years, make male parent with " raising rice No. 6 ", the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice combination of preparation, its female parent " is trained short 64S ", " extensively accounting for 63S ", " extensively accounting for 63-4S ", " Y58S " etc., and 5-15 days (pollen mother cell formation stage is to the pollen phase substantial in content) before heading, meeting for three days on end, daily mean temperature is lower than 23-24 ℃, maternal fertility fluctuates, partial pollen is recovered and can be educated, and causes self-fertility, has a strong impact on the hybrid rice seed production purity.Analyze according to middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice district 2002-2007 meteorological data, 2002,2004 in mid-August, two temperature for three days on end daily mean temperature be lower than 23.5 ℃, the purity of the two-line hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds is produced serious threat.Therefore, maternal best fringe phase beginning of the two-line hybrid rice production of hybrid seeds was arranged in before August 15, its maternal fertility-sensitive period is corresponding to advance on August 1 to 10, can effectively avoid mid-August occurring the influence of low temperature to double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice seed production purity, guarantees the stable of its sterile performance.In view of the above, under the prerequisite of determining its maternal fringe date male sterile line beginning, guaranteeing this flower synchronization of father and mother, increase male parent pollination and the maternal probability of accepting pollen, is the key that improves hybrid seed yield.
Adjusting on this flower synchronization of father and mother problem, take two kinds of measures usually, the one, to put accurate father and mother and originally broadcast the poor phase, the fertility course by separately reaches flower synchronization; The 2nd, under the situation of this flowering asynchronism of father and mother,, adjust male parent or maternal florescence by human intervention, make it both and meet.For do the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice combination of male parent preparation with " raising rice No. 6 ", its maternal fringe date beginning was determined at before August 15, and can not delay, and more can not pass through human intervention, made its postponement.Therefore,, can only and must adjust " raising rice No. 6 " florescence, make it flower synchronization when the situation that this flowering asynchronism of father and mother occurs.Under the background of this technical need, " raising rice No. 6 " the fringe developmental stage is responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer reaction, by enriching the characteristic that nitrogenous fertilizer postpones the fringe developmental process, for being that the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice production of hybrid seeds of male parent provides support with " raising rice No. 6 ".
Through test and field investigation for many years, " raising rice No. 6 " has substantial connection in the fringe developmental stage with nitrogenous fertilizer use age, usage amount, is regular variation.At mu nitrogen fertilizer application (purity nitrogen in the time of infertility; 12.5 kilograms down together); wherein base manure mu is executed 5 kilograms, tillering fertilizer mu and is executed 3.75 kilograms, short fertilizers for potted flowers (clever flower primordium idiophase) mu and execute 2.5 kilograms, protect fertilizers for potted flowers (pollen mother cell formation stage) mu and execute under 1.25 kilograms the situation, " raising rice No. 6 " ear differentiation process with go through the phase and be:
The I phase, the first luxuriant original hase idiophase, last 2 days, distance beginning fringe 30-31 days;
The II phase, the primary rachis branch original hase idiophase, last 3 days, distance beginning fringe 27-29 days;
The III phase, for the second time branch stalk and clever flower primordium idiophase, last 4 days, distance beginning fringe 23-26 days;
The IV phase, female stamen original hase forms the phase, lasts 7 days, distance beginning fringe 16-22 days;
The V phase, pollen mother cell formation stage lasts 3 days, distance beginning fringe 13-15 days;
The VI phase, pollen mother cell meiosis lasts 2 days, distance beginning fringe 11-12 days;
The VII phase, pollen content influx time lasts 8 days, distance beginning fringe 3-10 days;
The VIII phase, the pollen full ripening stage, last 2 days, apart from beginning fringe 0-2 days.
All the fringe development duration is 31 days.
At seed farm father and mother one's own profession ratio is under the condition of 2.5 kilograms of 2: 16, the fertilising of 5 kilograms of base manure mu nitrogen fertilizer applications, tillering fertilizer mu, the different ear differentiation puberties to male parent (raising rice No. 6) partially nitrogen fertilizer application, the effect that postpones heading be:
Grow 5 kilograms of II phase (primary rachis branch idiophase) mu applied nitrogens at fringe, began fringe phase phase delay 2-3 days;
5 kilograms of III phase (branch stalk and clever flower primordium idiophase for the second time) mu applied nitrogens, began fringe phase phase delay 1-2 days;
5 kilograms of IV phase (female stamen original hase forms the phase) mu applied nitrogens, began fringe phase phase delay 1-2 days;
5 kilograms of II, III phase difference mu nitrogen fertilizer applications, began fringe phase phase delay 3-4 days;
5 kilograms of II, III, IV phase difference mu nitrogen fertilizer applications, began fringe phase phase delay 4-5 days;
Because " raising rice No. 6 " the fringe puberty is to the sensitivity characteristic of fertilizer, regulate in the arrangement at actual seed production florescence, at first determine maternal sowing time and field management measure, guarantee under the prerequisite of beginning fringe before maternal August 15 fringe phase expection beginning that male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " to be arranged early than the female parent expection 3-5 days fringe phase of beginning.Through prediction of flowering period, as male parent than in Zao 2 days of maternal florescence the time, to male parent nitrogen fertilizer application partially; More Zao more than 2 days the time when male parent than the maternal florescence, by to the inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of male parent, prolong young fringe developmental process, postpone heading stage, make itself and maternal flower synchronization, improve outcrossing seed-setting rate, the raising hybrid seed yield.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is under middle and lower reach of Yangtze River rice district ecological condition, determine that the maternal photo-thermo-sensitive genetic male sterile line of two-line hybrid rice " is trained short 64S ", before " extensively accounting for 63S ", " extensively accounting for 63-4S ", " Y58S " wait the fringe that begins aspire to August 15, may running into for three days on end in 5-15 days before avoiding earing, daily mean temperature is lower than 23-24 ℃, bring out fertility fluctuation, cause self-fertility, reduce under the prerequisite of seed purity, broadcast the poor phase according to the father and mother course arrangement father and mother that grow this date of seeding to the fringe phase of beginning between this, improve the probability that this heading of father and mother flowering is met; On the basis of determining maternal fringe phase beginning, utilize the characteristic of " raising rice No. 6 " fringe developmental stage to the nitrogenous fertilizer sensitivity, adjust the fringe phase " raising rice No. 6 " beginning and meet with maternal fringe phase beginning, improve pollination fertilization probability, increase hybrid seed yield.
Core of the present invention is to utilize " raising rice No. 6 " characteristic in the reproductive development stage to the nitrogenous fertilizer sensitivity, by the adjustment of nitrogenous fertilizer use age young fringe developmental stage, usage amount, prolongs heading, flowering time, promotes itself and maternal flower synchronization, the raising hybrid seed yield.
Technical scheme of the present invention:
According to the process of growing of female parent, will begin the fringe phase before August 15, retrodict and calculate its sowing date.According to maternal best fringe phase beginning of measuring and calculating, normally execute under the nitrogen situation with reference to " raising rice No. 6 ", be seeded into the growth course of beginning fringe, the poor phase is broadcast in reckoning, and with reference to the normal coefficient 0.2 calculating (sowing in promptly whenever 1 day in advance that influences the fringe phase beginning sowing time, at 0.2 day ahead of time on fringe date beginning, down together), adopt dry-raising and sparse-planting, the seedling raising method that plastic film covers, sowing in 25 days in advance sowing time (calibration reason condition is calculated the male parent sowing date that father and mother's this beginning fringe meets) with first phase male parent, the sowing in 15 days in advance of second phase male parent makes male parent expection fringe phase beginning early than the 3-5 days fringe phase of female parent beginning, leaves the time leeway of adjusting.
Expect early than maternal 1-2 days when the fringe phase male parent beginning first phase, will not regulate by inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application.
Expect early than maternal 2-3 days when the fringe phase male parent beginning first phase, grow the inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of II phase mu in male parent children fringe and regulate for 5 kilograms.
Early than maternal 3-4 days, grow 5 kilograms of II, inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer applications of III phase as the fringe phase expection of the male parent beginning first phase respectively at male parent children fringe.
Early than maternal 4-5 days, grow 5 kilograms of II, III, inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer applications of IV phase as the fringe phase expection of the male parent beginning first phase respectively at male parent children fringe.
Regulate by male parent fringe puberty nitrogenous fertilizer, make this flower synchronization of father and mother, improve hybrid seed yield.
Advantage of the present invention:
According to determining the maternal photosensitive sterile line of the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice fringe that before August 15, began, guarantee under the prerequisite of two-line hybrid rice seed production purity, utilize the characteristic of production of hybrid seeds male parent fringe developmental stage of " raising rice No. 6 " to the nitrogenous fertilizer sensitivity, fringe phase beginning that will " raise rice No. 6 " arranged early than the maternal relatively 3-5 days fringe phase of beginning.According to the result of prediction of flowering period, fringe phase male parent beginning is taked corresponding inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application measure early than the situation of maternal number of days, adjusts fringe date male parent beginning, makes the maternal flower synchronization of his father, improves hybrid seed yield.To be that the production of hybrid seeds of the double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice combination of male parent is brought up to a new height from quality and two aspects of output with " raising rice No. 6 ".
Embodiment
Embodiment 1:
2006, in Xia Qiao village, Yangzhou bayhead town, Jiangsu Province, 10 mu of " raise two excellent No. 6 " (extensively account for 63-4S/ and raise rice No. 6) seed farms are set, its female parent " extensively accounts for 63-4S " and sowed May 22, duration from seeding to heading is 85 days under normal climate and rich water quality management condition, August 15 fringe phase expection beginning.Corresponding to fringe phase female parent expection beginning, by the male parent normal duration from seeding to heading reckoning in 98 days of " raising rice No. 6 ", both flower synchronizations, male parent sowing time is May 9.For making male parent prediction fringe phase beginning ahead of time in maternal 3-5 days, with reference to coefficient 0.2 measuring and calculating of fringe phase influence beginning in sowing time, I phase male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " in sowing on April 14, and II phase male parent was sowed April 24, adopt the dry-raising and sparse-planting mode to sow, covered with plastic film seedling before 1 leaf, 1 heart.
I, II phase male parent rice shoot were transplanted Honda June 10, and duplicate rows is planted, and every single file I, II phase male parent rice shoot are planted at interval by 5: 5 single seedlings, 8 * 4 cun of distances between rows and hills.The maternal Honda of transplanting June 12, father and mother's one's own profession be than 2: 16,10 cun of maternal and male parent line-spacings, and line-spacing is 6 * 4 cun between female parent, and 2-3 originally plants.Production of hybrid seeds Honda base manure mu is executed 31.25 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers (16: 16: 16), amounts to 5 kilograms of purity nitrogens, and tillering fertilizer mu is executed 8.15 kilograms in urea, amounts to 3.75 kilograms of purity nitrogens, and the water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest are by the normal method management.
In beginning on July 10, check this young fringe development progress of father and mother day by day.Found that male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " and entered young fringe on July 13 and grow the II phase (first stalk original hase idiophase), August 12 fringe date expection beginning.At this moment, maternal " extensively accounting for 63-4S " leaf age developmental process 9.5 leaves.14 of the normal leafings in all one's life of maternal stem, fringe development duration 30 days.Press leaf age index method prediction fringe date beginning, its computing formula is:
Because the total leaf number of maternal " extensively accounting for 63-4S " is 14, need proofread and correct.
Actual leaf age index=corrected value+parent's leaf age index
The leaf age index that calculates maternal " extensively accounting for 63-4S " by above-mentioned formula is 74, and the young fringe of distance is grown the first phase (the first bud idiophase) corresponding leaf age index 78 and differed 4, in advance aspire to beginning August 15 fringe, and slow 3 days its fringe phase beginning than male parent.
Predict the outcome this beginning fringe phase according to father and mother, male parent is executed 10.8 kilograms in urea partially, 5 kilograms of conversion purity nitrogens July 13.
10 mu as a result " raise two excellent No. 6 " seed farms, father and mother originally all in beginning August 14 fringe, just in time meet by the florescence.Maternal on average mu is fringe 15.2 ten thousand effectively, and average every fringe grain husk is spent several 133.7, outcrossing seed-setting rate 42.1%, thousand kernel weight 25.6 grams, 202.1 kilograms of real receipts per mu yields.
Embodiment 2:
2007, at the Si Tuzhen of Gaoyou City, Jiangsu Province agricultural science and technology Demonstration Garden, 3 mu " two line systems " (train short 64S/ and raise rice No. 6) production of hybrid seeds experimental field is set, its female parent " is trained short 64S " and was sowed May 24, duration from seeding to heading is 83 days under normal climate and rich water quality management condition, August 15 fringe phase expection beginning.Male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " normal duration from seeding to heading 98 days, corresponding to female parent expection fringe phase beginning, male parent sowing time is May 9.For making male parent prediction fringe phase beginning early than maternal 3-5 days, with reference to coefficient 0.2 measuring and calculating of fringe phase influence beginning in sowing time, I phase male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " in sowing on April 14, and II phase male parent was sowed April 24, adopt the dry-raising and sparse-planting mode to sow, covered with plastic film seedling before 1 leaf, 1 heart.
I, II phase male parent rice shoot were transplanted Honda June 11, and duplicate rows is planted, and every single file I, II phase male parent rice shoot are planted at interval by 5: 5 single seedlings, 8 * 4 cun of distances between rows and hills.The maternal Honda of transplanting June 12, father and mother's one's own profession be than 2: 16,10 cun of maternal and male parent line-spacings, and line-spacing is 6 * 4 cun between female parent, and 2-3 originally plants.Production of hybrid seeds Honda base manure mu is executed 31.25 kilograms of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizers (16: 16: 16), amounts to 5 kilograms of purity nitrogens, and tillering fertilizer mu is executed 8.15 kilograms in urea, amounts to 3.75 kilograms of purity nitrogens, and the water management and the extermination of disease and insect pest are by the normal method management.
In beginning on July 10, check this young fringe development progress of father and mother day by day.Found that male parent " is raised rice No. 6 " and entered young fringe on July 13 and grow the II phase (first stalk original hase idiophase), August 12 fringe date expection beginning.At this moment, maternal " training short 64S " leaf age developmental process 9.2 leaves.14 of the normal leafings in all one's life of maternal stem, fringe development duration 30 days.Press the leaf age index updating formula and calculate, its, index was 72.5 in age, and the young fringe of distance is grown the first phase (the first bud idiophase) corresponding leaf age index 78 and differed 5.5, in advance aspire to beginning August 16 fringe, and slow 4 days its fringe phase beginning than male parent.
Predict the outcome this beginning fringe phase according to father and mother, male parent is executed 10.8 kilograms in urea respectively partially, 10 kilograms of conversion purity nitrogens July 13, July 16.
Result's " two line system " production of hybrid seeds experimental field, father and mother originally all in beginning August 15 fringe, just in time meet by the florescence.Maternal on average mu is fringe 16.2 ten thousand effectively, and average every fringe grain husk is spent several 167.3, outcrossing seed-setting rate 34.6%, thousand kernel weight 20.5 grams, 182.6 kilograms of real receipts per mu yields.
Claims (3)
1, a kind of utilization is raised No. 6 nitrogenous fertilizer sensitivity characteristics of rice to regulate two is the method for assorted seed-production blooming-period, it is characterized in that: utilize and raise No. 6 fringe developmental stage of rice the responsive characteristic of nitrogenous fertilizer reaction, postpone the fringe developmental process by enrich nitrogenous fertilizer in the fringe developmental stage, regulate male parent and raise the fringe date No. 6 beginnings of rice, make to raise this flower synchronization of double-line hybrid long-grained nonglutinous rice production of hybrid seeds father and mother that rice is for No. 6 male parent, improve hybrid seed yield.
2, according to right 1 requirement, fringe date beginning begins at 3-5 days on fringe date early than corresponding female parent to it is characterized in that male parent " is raised rice No. 6 ", leaves the leeway of regulating this flower synchronization of father and mother.
3, according to the requirement of right 2, it is characterized in that according to the prediction of flowering period result,, grew the inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer application of II phase mu in male parent children fringe and regulate for 5 kilograms early than maternal 2-3 days as the fringe phase expection of the male parent beginning first phase; Early than maternal 3-4 days, grow 5 kilograms of II, inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer applications of III phase as the fringe phase expection of the male parent beginning first phase respectively at male parent children fringe; Early than maternal 4-5 days, grow 5 kilograms of II, III, inclined to one side nitrogen fertilizer applications of IV phase as the fringe phase expection of the male parent beginning first phase respectively at male parent children fringe.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2017023031A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 | Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2017023031A (en) * | 2015-07-21 | 2017-02-02 | 株式会社水稲生産技術研究所 | Cultivation method for hybrid rice seed production |
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