CN101335351A - A physical treatment device for waste batteries - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a waste battery physical treatment device, which includes a feeding mechanism, a screening rail group, a baffle mechanism, a clamping mechanism, a cutting mechanism, a punching mechanism and a driving mechanism. The feeding mechanism is connected with the baffle mechanism through the screening rail group, and the The other end of the plate mechanism is connected to the clamping mechanism; a cutting mechanism and a punching mechanism are respectively provided near the clamping mechanism, and the driving mechanism is used to provide power to drive the clamping mechanism, the cutting mechanism and the punching mechanism to work. The invention physically disassembles the battery before the chemical treatment, which reduces the complexity of the chemical treatment and reduces the treatment cost.

Description

A physical treatment device for waste batteries

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of waste battery treatment, in particular to a method for physically treating waste batteries before chemical treatment.

Background technique

With the improvement of people's awareness of environmental protection, the hazards of waste batteries have gradually attracted the attention of all walks of life, and more and more people have begun to consciously collect waste batteries to reduce environmental pollution. However, in the upsurge of recycling waste batteries, people have discovered that the recycled waste batteries cannot be properly placed. It is understood that since our country has not yet had a professional company that can process waste batteries in batches, areas that collect waste batteries all over the country have encountered such embarrassing problems. At present, most cities and regions in my country use landfill as the waste treatment method, and the level of landfill disposal is low. A lot of domestic waste is simply piled up, and heavy metals in waste batteries can directly pollute water bodies or soil through percolation.

The prior art discloses the use of chemical treatment methods for recycled batteries, mainly including fire method and wet method. Fire method: It is a process of oxidizing, reducing, decomposing, volatilizing and condensing metals and their compounds in waste batteries at high temperatures to extract metal materials. Wet method: directly react the battery with acid to form soluble salts into the solution, and then electrolyze to produce metals and other chemical products, fertilizers, etc. after purification.

Batteries are mainly composed of carbon rods, zinc skins, positive electrode materials and other fillers, and the treatment of waste batteries needs to consider the above components comprehensively. However, the current wet method and fire method both deal with waste batteries as a whole, and do not deal with the characteristics of each component separately, so the treatment effect is not good, and in order to meet the requirements of the overall treatment, more complicated treatment processes are required, which improves the efficiency of the battery. Processing costs, such as the high temperature required to process a single component, must keep the battery as a whole under high temperature conditions.

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to solve the above problems and provide a device for physical treatment of waste batteries, which is used for physical treatment of batteries before chemical treatment, which reduces the complexity of chemical treatment and reduces the cost of treatment.

A physical treatment device for waste batteries, characterized in that it includes a feeding mechanism 1, a screening rail group 2, a baffle mechanism 3, a clamping mechanism 4, a cutting mechanism 5, a punching mechanism 6 and a driving mechanism, and the feeding mechanism 1 passes through the screening rail group 2 is connected to the baffle mechanism 3, and the other end of the baffle mechanism 3 is connected to the clamping mechanism 4; a cutting mechanism 5 and a punching mechanism 6 are respectively provided near the clamping mechanism 4, and the driving mechanism is used to provide power to drive the clamping mechanism 4 , cutting mechanism and punching mechanism 6 work;

The baffle mechanism 3 includes an upper baffle 9, a lower baffle 10, a channel 11 and a baffle pull wire. The channel 11 is provided with two baffle through grooves, the distance between the grooves is equal to the diameter of the battery, and one end of the baffle pull wire is connected to two baffles. The other end is connected to the clamping mechanism 4, and the two baffles can be controlled to pass through a through groove and move synchronously perpendicular to the channel 11 surface by pulling the baffle pull wire;

The clamping mechanism 4 includes a first crank 14, a connecting rod 15, a lifting rod 16 and a clamp connected sequentially from top to bottom, and the lifting rod 16 is also connected to the baffle pull wire of the baffle mechanism 3;

Described cutting mechanism 5 comprises cutting mechanism track 19 and the cutting workbench being positioned at it, and cutting workbench comprises substrate 20, and substrate 20 is provided with cutting drive motor 21 and cutter 22, and cutting drive motor 21 drives cutter 22 to rotate and cut;

Described punch mechanism 6 comprises second crank 23, connecting rod 24, punch 25, punch baffle plate 26 and punch mechanism track 27, crank 23, connecting rod 24 and punch 25 are connected successively, punch 25 passes through punch mechanism track 27 advance or retreat through the punch baffle plate 26;

The driving mechanism is respectively connected to the first crank 14 of the clamping mechanism 4 , the base plate 20 of the cutting mechanism 5 and the second crank 23 of the punching mechanism 6 .

As an improvement of the present invention, the punch 25 includes a connected conical part and a cylindrical part, and bristles 26 are provided at the junction of the conical part and the cylindrical part.

The invention splits the waste battery into four parts: the positive electrode, the negative electrode, the outer cylinder and the carbon rod, and then carries out chemical treatment on each part of the battery, which reduces the complexity of the chemical treatment and reduces the cost of the chemical treatment.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the schematic diagram of screening track structure;

Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of the baffle mechanism, Fig. 3 (a) is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the baffle mechanism, and Fig. 3 (b) is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the baffle mechanism;

Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism;

Fig. 5 is the structural schematic diagram of cutting mechanism;

Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of a punching mechanism;

Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the punch structure.

Detailed ways

The waste battery treatment process is divided into physical dismantling and chemical treatment: the physical dismantling process is realized in small and medium-sized areas such as urban areas, and the dismantled materials are transported to designated chemical plants for chemical treatment. This processing method separates physical and chemical processing, and better handles the contradiction between physical splitting (suitable for small batch processing) and chemical processing (suitable for large batch) capabilities. The present invention proposes a technical solution for the physical splitting process.

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention. The present invention includes a feeding mechanism 1, a screening track group 2, a baffle mechanism 3, a clamping mechanism 4, a cutting mechanism 5, a punching mechanism 6 and a driving mechanism, and the bottom of the feeding mechanism 1 passes through the screening track Group 2 is connected to the baffle mechanism 3, and the other end of the baffle mechanism 3 is connected to the clamping mechanism 4; a cutting mechanism 5 and a punching mechanism 6 are respectively provided near the clamping mechanism 4, and the driving mechanism is used to drive and control the clamping mechanism 4 , The operation of the cutting mechanism and the punching mechanism 6.

Feeding mechanism 1 is used for filling waste batteries to be processed, including filling pool 7 and slideway 8 . When there is a need for processing, put the battery into the filling pool 7, the battery falls into the slideway 8, and slides down by gravity. During the slide, the direction of the battery is gradually adjusted to be consistent with the sliding direction.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of the screening track group 2, which is used to classify and arrange the batteries according to their size, including three tracks, and respectively discharge No. 2, No. 5 and No. 7 batteries from top to bottom. The number of tracks can be increased or decreased according to actual needs.

Fig. 3 (a) among Fig. 3 is the overall structure schematic diagram of baffle plate mechanism 3, and baffle plate mechanism 3 comprises upper baffle plate 9, lower baffle plate 10 and channel 11, and channel 11 is provided with two baffle plate through grooves, between the through grooves The spacing is equal to the diameter of the battery, and the two baffles can move synchronously through a through groove respectively perpendicular to the channel surface, and the stroke of the two baffles is controlled by the baffle pull wire, and the other end of the baffle pull wire is connected to the clamping mechanism 4 . Figure 3(b) shows the working principle diagram of the baffle mechanism, the position of the first baffle 12 is higher than that of the second baffle 13, when the two baffles move upward at the same time, the battery between the two baffles is released into the clamping mechanism 4; After the second time, the two baffle plates descend simultaneously, and the next battery enters between the baffle plate 12 and the baffle plate 13, and the mechanism returns to the initial state, waiting for processing.

FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of the clamping mechanism 4 , which is the connected first crank 14 , connecting rod 15 , lifting rod 16 and clamps in order from top to bottom. The clamp includes an upper clamp 17 and a lower clamp 18 , and the upper clamp 17 is connected to the lifting rod 16 . The lifting rod 16 is also connected with the baffle pull wire of the baffle mechanism 3, and controls the movement of the two baffles through its own up and down movement.

Fig. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the cutting mechanism 5, which is used to cut off the two poles of the battery, and includes the cutting mechanism track 19 and the cutting workbench located thereon. The substrate 20 of the cutting table is provided with a cutting drive motor 21 and a cutter 22. The cutting drive motor 21 drives the cutter 22 to rotate at a high speed for cutting.

Figure 6 is a structural schematic diagram of the punching mechanism 6. The punching mechanism 6 is used to eject the carbon rod of the battery after the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are removed and retract the battery outer cylinder. The second crank 23, the connecting rod 24, the punch 25, and the punch baffle 26 and punching mechanism track 27 constitute, and crank 23, connecting rod 24 and punch 25 are connected successively. The movement of the crank 23 is controlled to drive the punch 25 to advance or retreat through the punch baffle plate 26 through the punch mechanism track 27 . The track of punching mechanism can be realized by linear bearing. The punch 25 includes two parts, as shown in FIG. 7 : the former part is conical, and is used to push out the carbon rod of the battery core, and the latter part is a cylinder, which is used to bring back the battery outer cylinder. The punch baffle 26 is located at the conical part of the punch 25, and the cone head can pass through the baffle. The punching mechanism 6 advances, the punch 25 ejects the battery core material, and the bristles 26 at the junction of the punch cone and the cylinder clean the inner wall of the battery outer cylinder at the same time; And take it away from the fixture; after the outer cylinder is away from the fixture, it is blocked by the punch baffle plate 26 immediately, thereby separating from the punch.

There are many ways to realize the driving mechanism. A motor can be respectively set at the clamping mechanism 4, the cutting mechanism 5 and the punching mechanism 6 and controlled by a relay, or only one motor can be set to realize the above-mentioned functions through the additional clutch of the mechanical transmission chain.

The working process of the present invention: the battery falls into the channel 11 of the baffle mechanism 3 after being sorted by the screening rail group 2 by the feeding mechanism 1, and the two baffles move up and down synchronously to ensure that only one battery falls into the fixture 4 through the baffle every time and clamped, the cutting mechanism 5 advances to cut off the two poles of the clamped battery and returns to the original position, and then the punching device 6 pushes the battery carbon rod out, and maintains this limit position, and the punch returns after the clamp is released, and Take out the battery case. The battery is finally disassembled into four parts: positive electrode, negative electrode, outer cylinder and carbon rod. After the above-mentioned treatment, each part of the battery is chemically treated separately, and the cost of chemical treatment can be reduced because the element composition of each part is relatively concentrated relative to the overall battery.

Claims (2)

1, a kind of abandoned battery physical processing apparatus, it is characterized in that, comprise batch charging mechanism (1), screening track groups (2), baffle mechanism (3), clamp system (4), cutting mechanism (5), the mechanism that rushes to summit (6) and driving mechanism, batch charging mechanism (1) is connected with baffle mechanism (3) by screening track groups (2), and the other end of baffle mechanism (3) connects clamp system (4); Locate to be provided with respectively cutting mechanism (5) and the mechanism that rushes to summit (6) near clamp system (4), driving mechanism is used to provide power drive clamp system (4), cutting mechanism and the mechanism that rushes to summit (6) work;

Described baffle mechanism (3) comprises overhead gage (9), lower baffle (10), passage (11) and baffle plate backguy, passage (11) is provided with two baffle plate grooves, spacing equals cell diameter between groove, baffle plate backguy one end connects two baffle plates, the other end connects described clamp system (4), and pulling baffle plate backguy is that may command two baffle plates pass a baffle plate groove respectively and are synchronized with the movement perpendicular to passage (11) face;

Described clamp system (4) comprises first crank (14), connecting rod (15), lifting arm (16) and the anchor clamps that are connected successively from top to bottom, and lifting arm (16) also joins with the baffle plate backguy of institute's baffle mechanism (3);

Described cutting mechanism (5) comprises cutting mechanism track (19) and position cutting workbench thereon, the cutting workbench comprises substrate (20), substrate (20) is provided with cutting drive motors (21) and cutter (22), and cutting drive motors (21) drives cutter (22) rotation and cuts;

The described mechanism that rushes to summit (6) comprises second crank (23), connecting rod (24), drift (25), drift baffle plate (26) and the mechanism's track (27) of rushing to summit, crank (23), connecting rod (24) and drift (25) are connected successively, and drift (25) passes drift baffle plate (26) by the mechanism's track (27) of rushing to summit and advances or retreat;

Described driving mechanism connects the substrate (20) of first crank (14) of described clamp system (4), described cutting mechanism (5) and second crank (23) of the described mechanism that rushes to summit (6) respectively.

2, a kind of abandoned battery physical processing apparatus as claimed in claim 1, described drift (25) comprises tapered segment and the column part that joins, circular cone and column part junction are provided with bristle (26).

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