CN101327798B - Method of vacuum pipelines for long-distance passenger transport - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention provides a matching technology of vacuum pipeline traffic, so that the vacuum pipeline can be used for point-to-point transport of a plurality of cities in two relatively remote areas. The matching technology comprises the speed requiring passenger exchange, bearing and sealing separation, gas absorption in the pressing type pipeline of operating vacuum vehicle, and other processes. The speed requiring passenger exchange means that a vehicle (group) is sent by a gas brake cabin into a vacuum pipeline from passenger vehicles of the same serial number in each city of the starting area; the vehicle (group) comprises passengers who take the vehicle to the cities in the target area; the vehicles (group) sent from each city in the starting area are communicated according to the speed difference in the running process, so as to exchange the passengers; each vehicle is closed and separated, runs towards each city in the target area, and then leaves the vacuum pipeline through the air brake cabin, so as to complete the task of transporting the passengers. The bearing and sealing separation refers to the vacuum sealing surface which is arranged on the internal surface of the tunnel; the sealing surface is fixed on the internal surface of the tunnel through a connecting rod; and the vapor and the gas, which are leaked from the tunnel, are blocked outside the sealingsurface.

Description

Vacuum pipe is used for the method for public passenger transport

The present invention relates to the long-distance high speed mass transit system of vacuum pipe in a kind of future.

The law of inertia and vacuum are the general knowledge that people know already.The exploratory development that people's against vacuum pipe technology is used for traffic also is of long duration.

Nineteen sixty-five, the U.S. has research institution once to propose the design of " high-velocity duct transportation ", proposed one and can be in 90 minutes have paused from Persian and arrive washingtonian passenger-traffic system plan, this system is made up of a pair of pipeline of being pumped into certain vacuum, and running velocity wherein is 800 kilometers/hour.

1978, the researchist of Rand Corporation described in a research report: the subway system of a kind of crying " star of transportation ", form by electromagnet bearing and the vehicle that in the pipeline of underground certain vacuum degree, moves, can be in one hour transamerica.This system can carry out passenger traffic and shipping with there being transhipment to connect between the local transport systems.

The naphthalene of Switzerland this (R.Nieth) proposes a kind of underground vacuum pipe traffic concept of system that is arranged on fully the seventies in 20th century.They are at programme element: vacuum pipe is made up of the tunnel of 5 meters of two diameters.The station all is located at Town Center, is connected into net with city and ground-surface lane of traffic.Be pumped into low vacuum (degree of vacuum is approximately about 10% barometric pressure, and is suitable with the air pressure in 18000 meters high-altitudes) in the tunnel, be beneficial to reduce the resistance of air car body.Swiss's imagination, operation car body magnetic suspension mode, by linear motor driving, 500 kilometers/hour of design and operation speed.

American's oersted (D.Oster) obtained a vacuum-pipeline transfer system US Patent (patent No.: 5 in 1999,950,543), proposed the design of built on stilts vacuum pipe system, target is to develop a kind of individual's use vacuum pipe rapid that goes for.

China railway construction older generation Hao Ying professor was described vacuum-pipeline transfer system under the thinking of following railway development direction in his " Chinese Railway construction " book in 1988.In recent years, Southwest Jiaotong University has carried out the research of " vacuum pipe express traffic " under some well-known scholars' leading.Their discussion shows that the support of the vehicle in the vacuum pipe not only can be adopted magnetic levitation technology with driving, and can adopt the wheel track technology.

Certainly, although people have made unremitting effort, the expectation that is lower than people of the practical application development progress of vacuum pipe transportation technology.Swiss and American just have no reply after finishing feasibility study, seemingly stay cool.There is not enough information can expect that vacuum pipe drops into the time schedule of practical application in the future transportation cause.

On the one hand, seem everything is ready, then research and development make slow progress on the other hand.Why is this?

We think, vacuum pipe major limitation sexual factor does not also lie in the vacuum principle and vacuum basis technical elements, but the research and development that are location that vacuum pipe is used for traffic and supporting technology maturation not enough.

Aforementioned American then attempts vacuum pipe is included in the upgrading of highway communication.And the Swiss is considered as vacuum pipe traffic the extension of the thinking of railway and subway.

Yet vacuum pipe traffic is with highway communication and railway transportation have evident difference.

Because highway communication and railway transportation all are to carry out in air, their basic advantage is and can stops everywhere, the exchange passenger.And the against vacuum pipeline, because " people can not live in a vacuum " this conspicuous reason, the passenger passes in and out the vacuum pipe vehicle, must be under normal barometric pressure.Simultaneously, all need bigger expense in the time and the energy, should the maintaining under the vacuum state usually of vacuum pipe owing to obtain vacuum.This just causes vehicle turnover vacuum pipe just can finish by the airlock operation in the place with suitable facility, this with air transportation usually in aircraft must the airport just can finish taking-off and landing and operate similar.

Airlock has obtained abundant development at space industry, and expection is generalized to the vacuum pipe traffic field and does not have substantive technical difficulty.However, the traffic of against vacuum pipeline, airlock operation still are many, operations that expense is big consuming time.Therefore, similar to air transportation, vacuum pipe traffic does not also fit into the application of alternative road transport network in short distance individual traffic.In addition, if set up huge individual vacuum pipe traffic network on the ground, the problem that safety and maintenance also are difficult to existence to expect.

Take all factors into consideration the each side factor, we think that similar to air transportation, the vacuum pipe traffic The Application of Technology should be conceived to long-distance public transport.

In air passenger traffic, the advantage of passenger traffic aspect fast of point-to-point nothing landing favourable turn obtained to generally acknowledge.Aspect vacuum pipe traffic, also should develop the point-to-point transportation route that does not have parking passenger transfer midway as far as possible as air transport.

Certainly, build air transportation circuit and vacuum pipe transportation route and have huge difference.Because the cause of " day high bird flies ", people need not carry out any capital construction aloft for point-to-point airline.And the traffic of against vacuum pipeline, for setting up directly point-to-point " course line " then quite expensive in a plurality of cities.

If, then can control the vacuum pipe mileage effectively in the mentality of designing of in the vacuum pipe traffic system, introducing compound main line-branch line.But for along with using the main line city to increase, main pipeline will be very busy, and will be unfavorable with safety for management.

Also there is the puzzlement of passenger number deficiency in above-mentioned point-to-point " direct route " design, and this problem appears aspect civil aviaton.The countermeasure that people can take has two kinds: the one, reduce the capacity of passenger plane or the empty-seat rate of increase aircraft, and another is the density that reduces flight, so that the passenger gathers suitable quantity, arranges flight again.The former is a prerequisite to raise the admission fee, and the latter is a cost to reduce civil aviaton's traffic comfort feature then.

This shows that necessary well-designed vacuum pipe circuit of people and supporting technology make it to become through movement between a plurality of cities with longer-distance zones of different, to realize the suitable ratio of performance to price.

The degree of vacuum that vacuum pipe can reach is the deciding factor of vehicle operating resistance in the pipeline still not, and is directly connected to the controller characteristic curve of the operation of vehicle in vacuum pipe, and in general, the desired degree of vacuum of the operation that accuracy rate is high more is also high more.The vacuum pipe that is used for the traffic purpose should be the vacuum of volume maximum in the world.Be not difficult to find out thus on the up-to-date technology basis, how realizing and keeping the interior degree of vacuum of vacuum pipe is another very important supporting technology.

The tunnel of building on modern reinforced concrete technology basis can have good load-carrying capacity.But, because the micropore that cement concrete exists generally has the penetrating power of considerable moisture (and air).Because the saturated vapor pressure of water when 20 spend is powerful in 2300 crust, promptly reaches standard atmosphere 2.3%.So, merely be difficult to reach and keep the required degree of vacuum requirement of vacuum pipe traffic with the tunnel of concrete material construction.

In addition, vacuum pipe can not be as automobile or aircraft by obtaining the needed oxygen of passenger with the atmosphere exchanging gas, the heat that heat that vehicle operating produced and personnel activity are produced can not by with the interchange of heat radiating and cooling of atmosphere.Should in the vehicle of operation, make necessary consideration.

Patent of the present invention proposes supporting technology, and vacuum pipe can be applied to apart from the point-to-point transportation between a plurality of cities in distant two zones.These supporting technologies include fast passenger exchange, and carrying-sealing splits and scheme such as vacuum vehicle operating punching type pipeline gas absorption.

There is the target of fast passenger's exchange scheme to be, connects A district (as the Yangtze River Delta Area) and each city, B district (as Beijing-Tianjin wetlands district), make each city in these two zones realize point-to-point express traffic by a main line vacuum pipe.

For the ease of narration, a plurality of cities of departure place are called city, zone of departure group, a plurality of cities, purpose area are called destination regional city group.If a plurality of cities in A district according to the distance in B district from as far as closely being followed successively by A1, A2 ... An, the B district to the A district by distance from as far as closely being followed successively by B1, B2 ... Bm.

Correspondingly, the every coastiong of vacuum pipe time operational process successively preface be divided into three phases: the departure place operation phase, have fast passenger to exchange operation phase and destination operation phase.

Every coastiong is time in the departure place in the operation phase, at first enters vacuum pipe by airlock apart from the C1 vehicle in A1 city farthest, purpose area, and to destination B area operation.Comprised the passenger that all go to each city, destination B zone in the C1 vehicle.When the C1 vehicle passes through the A2 city in vacuum pipe after, enter vacuum pipe from the C2 vehicle in A2 city by airlock, and progressively quicken, until catching up with the C1 vehicle suitably to be higher than the C1 moving velocity, and near C1, slow down, in advancing, dock with C1.Similar with the C1 vehicle, the C2 vehicle has also comprised the A2 city, and all go the passenger in each city, destination B zone.

Work as C1, after C2 passed through, A3 sends in the city was loaded with all and goes to the passenger's in each city, zone, destination C3 vehicle to enter the main line vacuum pipe by airlock, and quicken, until suitably to be higher than C1, the C2 moving velocity catches up with fwd C1, the C2 vehicle is until achieving a butt joint.

The rest may be inferred by analogy for it, sends the Cn vehicle until the An city.If the city number of zone of departure is less than the city number in zone, destination, then should in the zone of departure, send the car group of forming that comprises by several independent vehicles in one or several cities, to guarantee that each city, purpose district has a car at least.

After all vehicles in each city, purpose area all entered vacuum pipe by airlock, each vehicle of C1-Cn had entered fast passenger and has exchanged the operation phase.

Have fast passenger to exchange the first step of operation phase, at first basis is moved each vehicle C1, C2 on main line ... the relative position of Cn is adjusted speed separately, makes these vehicles that move in vacuum pipe realize steadily butt joint in the operation phase, forms train.

Then, by each vehicle end to end the docking port DA that sets up respectively of portion these vehicles are communicated with.

After each vehicle is communicated with, the exchange passenger.All go to the passenger in Bm (nearest apart from the zone of departure) city to enter the last car Cm (for the Cn vehicle of zone of departure) of train, and all go to the passenger in Bm-1 (recently inferior apart from the zone of departure) city to enter the last car Cm-1 (for the Cn-1 vehicle of zone of departure) of train ... all go to the passenger in B1 (apart from the zone of departure farthest) city to enter the last car C1 (for the C1 vehicle of zone of departure) of train.

After passenger's exchange finishes, C1, C2 ... the Cm vehicle is closed channel separately, separates.After having fast passenger's switching phase to finish, the vacuum pipe vehicle enters the destination operation phase thereupon.

Enter the destination after the operation phase, be positioned at the last Cm vehicle of train and should break away from the train sequence at first, slow down, break away from main line, enter common atmospheric pressure state, go to nearest Bm city, starting pitch district by airlock.

Then Cm-1 vehicle derailing train sequence is slowed down, and breaks away from main line, break away from vacuum state by airlock ... until last C1 car retardation, break away from main line, and break away from vacuum state by airlock, go to B1 city farthest, starting pitch district, and finish the passenger and transport task.

Like this, after introducing has fast passenger's switching concept, each city of zone of departure is as long as airlock is sent out (group) car, as long as the vacuum pipe main line is by a coastiong, each city of target phase is as long as receive (group) car by the operation of lock cabin,, just can realize the point-to-point traffic in all cities of all cities, zone of departure to the target area.

In order to guarantee above-mentionedly in vacuum pipe, have fast passenger's exchange process to need vacuum pipe to keep more stable vacuum state suitably accurately finishing under the speed of a motor vehicle.

Carrying-sealing discrete configuration is a kind of a kind of scheme of vacuum pipe of building on modern tunneling technique basis.Its basic ideas are: set up an independently vacuum seal face M near the inside face of ferro-concrete tunnel H.The gas barrier that the tunnel is leaked and is absorbed by vacuum pump beyond sealing surface constantly, and air pressure on the sealing surface is controlled in the scope that sealing surface can bear.

Sealing surface M should take different supporting way at the roadbed part M2 of vacuum pipe with top-lateral parts M1.The most of M1 of sealing surface M is on the internal freedom surface of tunnel top and side, and it supports with fixing and realizes by being connected pole L.The end of L is fixed in the tunnel, and the other end then connects the sealing surface M1 strong point, and the pressure that M1 bore is imported among the tunnel body of wall H.Another part M2 of sealing surface utilizes the weight ballast of stock rail below track.The local small protrusion H1 of the suitable distribution of tunnel H inside face makes the following inner surface of tunnel of track produce the M1 district that gas can release sealing surface.

The inside face of vacuum seal face M and tunnel H forms an interlayer, from the air block of tunnel surface moisture evaporated and infiltration interlayer, and form certain air pressure environment, by vacuum pump J steam in the interlayer and gas are absorbed (exhaust to atmosphere) again, thereby make the keep needed vacuum stages of sealing layer with interior vacuum pipe O and Q.

Keep the formed load of vacuum of vacuum pipe O and Q, tunnel H can directly carry wherein most of (more than 95%, up to 99.5% atmospheric pressure), remainder is then born by sealing layer, and the bearing force of sealing surface M1 imports among the body of wall H in tunnel by connecting pole L.

Although the protection of sealing layer is arranged, keeping of the in-to-in vacuum of vacuum pipe O and Q still needs the suitable operation of bleeding.The traffic of against vacuum pipeline, a kind of simple and effective mode are to be equipped with punching type gas compression absorption plant QJ at the vacuum pipe vehicle front.When vehicle when the vacuum pipe high speed is travelled, air molecule will be assembled at the front end of vehicle, make the pressure rises of vehicle front.The air pressure that utilizes vehicle front to rise is provided with air extractor on vehicle, with gas absorption and be stored among the storage tank QG in the vehicle, and after entering air environment by airlock exhaust to atmosphere or carry out other processing.

The heat impassabitity common vehicle that the vacuum pipe vehicle produced in the operation phase or the convection current of aircraft and heat exchange pattern heat radiation.Heat loss through radiation is that the radiator portion of fefrigerator is made heat radiation plate, by thermal radiation heat is distributed.This is a working space device common technology under vacuum state.Against vacuum pipeline vehicle, radiation cooling plate can be installed at the bottom of roof, the car or vehicle body side.For the thermal radiation that makes vehicle by good absorption, sealing layer M should select for use has good thermal radiation transparent characteristic material, and H surface, tunnel should apply and has good heat absorption materials with function.

Because vehicle moves in a vacuum, breathes needed oxygen (for example liquid oxygen) so vehicle need carry the passenger, and absorb the carbon dioxide that the passenger breathes out at any time.The vacuum pipe vehicle can adopt carbon dioxide in alkali (for example caustic soda) the solution absorption vehicle air.

Have fast passenger's switching technology that vacuum pipe traffic is broken away from by common mode to carry out passenger's vehicle frequent starting-brake and frequently enter-withdraw from the delay that vacuum state brings when exchanging among the present invention, thereby really bring into play the high speed advantage of vacuum pipe traffic, make vacuum pipe traffic have the appropriate ratio of performance to price.Carrying makes people build the appropriate high vacuum pipe of degree of vacuum with cheaper cost on ripe tunneling technique basis with sealing discrete configuration scheme, to guarantee that vehicle still can accurately move when the high speed under low vapour lock condition, butt joint with separate, thereby make vehicle effectively finish fast passenger exchange.In addition, it is the exclusive technical advantage of vacuum pipe traffic that fast passenger's switching concept is arranged, and for air transportation and common railway transportation, all is unpractical.

Fig. 1 has fast passenger to exchange the operation scheme drawing of vacuum pipe vehicle in the stage of setting out;

Fig. 2 has fast passenger to exchange the operation scheme drawing of vacuum pipe vehicle in the stage of setting out and passenger's switching phase;

Fig. 3 has fast passenger to exchange the operation scheme drawing of vacuum pipe vehicle in passenger's switching phase and destination stage;

Fig. 4 is the discrete vacuum lamp traffic system of the carrying-sealing road scheme drawing based on the tunnel;

Fig. 5 is that the punching press of vacuum pipe vehicle removes, heat loss through radiation and passenger passageway scheme drawing.

On the basis of above several scheme drawings, introduce a kind of implementation method of foregoing invention.

According to shown in Figure 4, once two vacuum pipes are built in construction simultaneously, move to adapt to two-wire.Article one, pipeline is used for uplink, and the passenger is transported to each city, B zone in each city from the a-quadrant, and another then is used for downlink, transports the passenger from each city, B zone to each city, a-quadrant.The narration of this paper emphasis is transported passenger's process to each city, B zone in each city from the a-quadrant.Because process is similar substantially basic identical, the narration of downlink is omitted.

In Fig. 1-Fig. 3, described in vacuum pipe with have fast passenger's exchanged form from the a-quadrant 4 cities to 5 processes that the passenger is transported in the city in B zone.At first be at first to send vacuum pipe vehicle C1 (Fig. 1 b) apart from B district A district city A1 farthest, when C1 progressively quickens, and with than higher speed by after the road junction in A2 city, the vehicle C2 that sends from the A2 city through airlock to be entering the vacuum pipe main line than low velocity, and progressively quickens to catch up with C1 (Fig. 1 c).When C1 and C2 with than higher speed by after the road junction in A3 city, the vacuum pipe vehicle C3 that sends from the A3 city by airlock to be entering the vacuum pipe main line than low velocity, and quickens (Fig. 2 d).As first three car C1, C2 and C3 are by after the road junction in A4 city, the vacuum pipe vehicle C4 that sends from the A4 city through airlock also quickens to enter the vacuum pipe main line than low velocity after, because zone, destination (B zone) has 5 cities, than Duoing a city in the zone of departure, so the C4 that send in the A4 city is a car group of being made up of two cars (Fig. 2 e).

The all vehicles in zone of departure (a-quadrant) enter after the main line, regulate the speed of each vehicle, and realize A1, A2, and A3 docks with A4 car group.Sealing docking port by the vehicle two ends makes these vehicle interiors couple together (Fig. 2 f-Fig. 3 h) under atmospheric pressure state usually.

After each interior couples together, promptly begin to exchange mutually passenger (Fig. 3 h and i).Passenger's exchange is gone to zone, destination city B1 farthest according to top C1 vehicle, and aftermost vehicle C5 then goes to about definite sequence of the nearest city B5 in zone, destination to carry out.

Passenger exchange finishes, and each is self-enclosed and separately for each vehicle, goes to city, destination (Fig. 3 j and k) separately then.

As shown in Figure 4, adopt magnetic suspension to support and drive at the vacuum pipe train.The vacuum pipe construction of two-wire is at below ground, and main body is the ferro-concrete tunnel structure, and the inside face in tunnel is laid vacuum seal face, and diaphragm seal can be plastic mesh-plastic film composite material.At the side and the top of vacuum pipe, diaphragm seal adopts the pipe link of taking root in the tunnel concrete main body to support, and the sealing surface of track below is by the track ballast.Tunnel surface steam and leakage of air after air pressure is higher than setting value, starts vacuum pump and absorb beyond sealing surface, and exhaust to atmosphere.

As shown in Figure 5, owing under vacuum environment, move, so contour of the vehicle need not consider to adopt airflow design.Vacuum pipe vehicle two ends are provided with hermatic door.In the vehicle independent operating, the sealing of the hermatic door at vehicle two ends.After two vehicle butt joints, corresponding hermatic door is opened, so that the exchange passenger.Vehicle enters by airlock after the common air environment, also can use these hermatic doors to carry out passenger's exchange.

In the both sides of vacuum pipe vehicle hermatic door, be provided with several vacuum pump admission ports.In the time of the vehicle high-speed cruising, the gas in the vacuum pipe is assembled at the front end of vehicle, forms higher air pressure.The vacuum pump that is installed in vehicle front can more effectively carry out the operation of vacuum pipe internal gettering under than higher air pressure, the gas of absorption is kept in the vehicle, after treating to return air environment by airlock, discharges outside the car.

Claims (7)

1. method that makes the vacuum pipe traffic system be applicable to the point-to-point no pause high speed passenger transportation between a plurality of cities in distance two zones far away, it is characterized by the vacuum pipe vehicle adopts in the passenger traffic process operation of fast passenger's exchanged form is arranged, promptly setting out in the zone, a car is sent by airlock in each city in every time passenger traffic train number or a car group enters vacuum pipe, this car or a car group comprise that this coastiong goes to the passenger in each city, zone, destination, subsequently, car that send in each city, zone of departure or car group are communicated with after relying on the difference of regulating the speed to achieve a butt joint in operational process, behind the exchange passenger, each vehicle closure also separates, go to each city in the zone, destination respectively, and, finish a passenger and transport task by airlock disengaging vacuum pipe.

2. method according to claim 1, it is characterized by in every coastiong is inferior, dispatch a car by airlock the earliest in the city farthest, zone, regional middle distance destination of setting out, apart from the car that sends in nearer city, zone, destination or car group in the car in distance city far away or car group by entering the vacuum pipe main line later on again and catching up with its fwd car or car group.

3. method according to claim 1, it is characterized by every coastiong arrives after the zone, destination, being positioned at aftermost car of vehicle sequence or car group at first slows down, break away from the vacuum pipe main line, go to the destination zone middle distance city recently, zone of setting out, more forward car or the car group in position in sequence, later disengaging vacuum pipe main line goes to city far away in the zone, destination.

4. method according to claim 1, it is characterized by the vacuum pipe system that vacuum pipe adopts carrying-sealing discrete configuration, promptly set up vacuum seal face at the inside face in tunnel, the sealing face is fixed on the inside face in tunnel by pipe link, and steam that the tunnel is leaked and gas barrier are outside sealing surface.

5. method according to claim 4 is characterized by track relies on track with lower sealing surface weight ballast.

6. method according to claim 4 is characterized by by vacuum pump and will be blocked in sealing surface gas leakage absorption in addition.

7. method according to claim 1, it is characterized by the vacuum pipe vehicle front and be equipped with vacuum pump, the gas that is compressed by operational vehicle when vehicle operating in the absorption vacuum pipe also is kept in the vehicle, discharges after vehicle leaves vacuum pipe by airlock.

Images