CN101326884A - Method for cultivating oil-rich soybean - Google Patents
Method for cultivating oil-rich soybean Download PDFInfo
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- CN101326884A CN101326884A CNA2008101368570A CN200810136857A CN101326884A CN 101326884 A CN101326884 A CN 101326884A CN A2008101368570 A CNA2008101368570 A CN A2008101368570A CN 200810136857 A CN200810136857 A CN 200810136857A CN 101326884 A CN101326884 A CN 101326884A
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- soybean
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method to plant a rich-oil soybean, pertaining to the field of crop growing technologies, and the method is helpful to increase the yield and oil-content of soybeans in the major regions of soybean production. The method mainly includes selection of high-yield and high-oil content varieties or strains, planting in the north and moving to the south, early sowing at the proper time, proper thin-planting, proper crop rotation, potassium fertilizer supplementation, fertilizer optimization, etc. The technical source reference of the invention is reliable, the technical operation is simple, the method is easy to use, the application is easy to promote, and the method is applicable to promotion and application of all levels of agricultural technologies. The technology is capable to increase the content of soybean oil by 1.5-2.0 percent on the precondition that the unit-area yield of soybean is ensured.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the arviculture technical field, relate to a kind of cultivation method that improves soybean oil content.
Background technology
About 1,600 ten thousand tons of China's soybean annual production, wherein about 7,000,000 tons originate in the Heilongjiang Province, account for 45%.China's soybean annual requirement is 3,100 ten thousand tons, and breach is about 50%, need be from external import.China soybean 70% is used for oil expression, and 30% eats, reserves seed for planting and outlet on a small quantity.The Heilongjiang Province is China soybean main producing region, but compares with the import U.S. soybean, average oil content low 1-2 percentage point (the average oil content of american goods soybean is 20%-21%, and the average oil content of China soybean is 17%-18%).But China soybean also has intrinsic advantage, promptly there is not genetically engineered soybean, in the WTO framework, though China is not by the import of Green Trade Barrier restriction genetically engineered soybean, but statement must be indicated genetically modified food in market sale, this just provides new business opportunity for China soybean, particularly Heilungkiang soybean capture the domestic and international market again.Therefore, improve soybean main producing region particularly per unit area yield and the oil content of Heilongjiang Province soybean, for lasting high-efficient development China soybean industry, the economic benefit that increases peasant and processing enterprise is significant.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to solve China soybean main producing region soybean guarantor and produces the cultivation method that increases oily problem and a kind of oil-rich soybean is provided, and by selecting the regulation and control of high yield high-oil-content soybean genotype kind and culture technique for use, can increase oil content.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, technical scheme that the present invention adopts is:
(1) selects high yield high oil variety or strain for use
2000 soybean varieties and nearly 500 parts of soybean lines that the 1985-2002 Heilongjiang Province promotes are investigated, select the kind or the strain of the plantation of soybean main producing region, 39 suitable Heilongjiang Province, and carry out annidation and identify, the main breed or the strain that finally identify the high yield high-oil-content soybean are: " closing rich 42 ", " east farming 163 ", " cultivating 97-385 ", " Heihe 1183 ", " Heihe 1271 ", " Heihe 170 ", " cultivating mirror beans 27 ", " cultivating mirror beans 25 " and " Heihe 1611 ", and determined the suitable planting zone.
Above-mentioned kind or strain be fair or volume increase 15%-20% than local main breed per unit area yield, and oil content increases 1.0-1.5%.
(2) north is planted south and is moved the 100-200 kilometer
The soybean of same kind moves from south, original producton location, not only can improve the soybean per unit area yield and can significantly increase soybean oil content.Result of the test showed in 3 years, originate in two kinds " Heihe 170 " that the Heihe institute of agricultural sciences breeds and " Heihe 1611 " in Zhao Guang and Helen two places plantation (two places are at a distance of 100 kilometers), its cultivation step is all identical, and the soil basic fertility is also roughly suitable, and the two places rainfall is also more approaching in the period of two." Heihe 170 " south (Helen) increases by 35% than northern (Zhao Guang) output, and oil content increases by 1.2%, and " Heihe 1611 " south (Helen) increases by 16% than northern (Zhao Guang) output, and oil content increases by 0.8%.Therefore, (about 100-200 kilometer) moved in the kind south, north of appropriateness, can obtain output and the oil content more higher than local soybean.
(3) early sowing in good time
The northeast soybean main producing region, the in good time early sowing of soybean not only helps the raising of output, and helps the accumulation of soybean oil.3 years result of the tests, soybean date of seeding shift to an earlier date 4-7 days, and the seed oil content can increase 0.3-0.5%.
(4) suitable thin planting
The soybean thin planting helps the raising of oil content.Planting density reduces 3-4 ten thousand strains than the traditional hectare of strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings and is advisable.
(5) efficent rotation
The best crop rotation method of soybean is wheat-corn-soybean, and output is the highest, and can keep the normal oil content of this kind.The soybean continuous cropping is met output and oil content that stubble and continuous cropping all influence soybean.
(6) mend potassium application
Potash fertilizer can increase the output of soybean, and helps improving soybean oil content.
Analyze by statistics, potash fertilizer and soybean oil relation of yield formula are: Y=544.4+3.2X-0.018X2, R=0.9154.Determine northeast soybean main producing region potash fertilizer (K
2O) amount of application is 60kg/hm
2About.
(7) Fertilizer Combination
NPK compounding application and NPK and fertilizer compounding application all can improve soybean per unit area yield and oil content.Long term experiment (1985-2006) result singly executes the fertile output of N for the NPK match ratio and improves 6%, and oil content increases by 0.56%; NPK and fertilizer compounding application, output improves 11%, and oil content increases by 0.48%.The Fertilizer Combination that the northeast soybean main producing region is optimized is: hectare is executed nitrogen (N) amount for 18-27kg, executes phosphorus (P
2O
5) be 45-65kg, execute potassium (K
2O) be 45-60kg.Or, enrich the fertilizer 7.5t/hm that becomes thoroughly decomposed again in the combination that this fertilizer amount is got low value
2(making base manure).
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention produces the soybean genotype kind by the high innage of screening, resolve its (soybean kernel) oil content accumulation and output and form mechanism, and then the regulation and control by culture technique, the final target that realizes that the high innage of soybean produces, through tackling key problem in 5 years, formed the culture technique that the high innage of a cover soybean produces.This technology can increase 1.5-2.0 percentage point of soybean oil content under the prerequisite that guarantees the soybean per unit area yield.
Embodiment
(1) kind is selected
Identify by annidation for many years, filter out the high yield high oil variety or the strain (table 1) of suitable northeast black soil region (north latitude 46 ° 40 ' to the north of) plantation.
The suitable northeast of table 1. northern black soil region soybean improved seeds strain
Suitably select the high yield high oil variety when being the kind selection from northern (100-200 kilometer).
(2) seed cleaning
Before broadcasting, should clean in seed.With soybean seed selection machinery or manually clean, reject the scab grain, worm food grain, broken kernel, blue or green grain, granule and impurity, seed purity is not less than 98%, and cleanliness is not less than 99%, germination rate is not less than 90%, and water content is not higher than 13.5%, the color and luster unanimity, and the grain size is more even.
(3) choosing ground
Select fertility higher ground, level land or two depression, soybean should not plough on barren slope or plant in the flood land of low-lying easy waterlogging.The best crops for rotation of soybean are corns, secondly are potatos, coarse cereals and wheat, as far as possible not continuous cropping, do not meet stubble, adhere to rather meeting not heavy principle.
(4) wholely
Adhere to whole ground of autumn.The corn stubble can be survived the winter by the former stubble in former ridge, also can stubble-cleaning ridging suppression in autumn once fulfil assignment, and stubble-cleaning degree of depth 10-15cm pulverizes root stubble length and is no more than 5-6cm.The potato crops for rotation should be dragged away and carry out dark loose ridging suppression after " potato seedling sprout " or the ridging suppression once fulfils assignment.Wheat stubble should lie prostrate immediately behind harvesting wheat and turn over, and rakes, and admits rainwater, and autumn, the ridging suppression reached state to be broadcast, or unscrewed the ridging suppression after the wheat harvest, reached state to be broadcast.Have little time whole ground of autumn, need to adhere to top slurry operation on whole ground in 1 year spring.The corn stubble of surviving the winter in former ridge must be taken clean stubble in spring, and stubble hole drag is flat, reaches state to be broadcast.
(5) fertilizing amount
Soybean is because self nitrogen fixation is therefore insensitive to nitrogenous fertilizer.Fertility is in earlier stage used a bit " startup nitrogenous fertilizer " and is got final product.The soybean happiness is fertile with preceding stubble, if preceding stubble corn had been executed a large amount of fertilizers and fertilizer nitrogen phosphorus potassium, stubble soybean in back there is no need to refertilize fully so, particularly on black earth is ploughed.Fertilizer is optimized fertilizing amount: the per hectare fertilizing amount is pressed purity nitrogen 18-27kg, phosphorus (P
2O
5) 45-60kg, potassium (K
2O) 45-60kg.
(6) fertilizing method
Above-mentioned recommendation fertilizer amount is less, can disposablely do seed manure, imposes on kind of a downside 5cm, dark 3cm place, or impose on kind 7-14cm place down.Must guard against the seed manure coordination, with unburned kind.Application of organic fertilizers or chemical fertilizer are made base fertilizer and should be applied in the lump in conjunction with whole ground.
(7) date of seeding
Begin sowing when ground temperature is stablized by 7-8 ℃, black soil region south, northeast can be sowed in 15-25 day in April, and the middle part was sowed in 20-May 1 April; The north was sowed in 1-May 10 May.Promptly shift to an earlier date 4-7 days than traditional date of seeding.
(8) broadcast method
The equidistant precision drilling of duplicate rows on the machinery ridge, row spacing 65-70cm, little line-spacing 10-12cm between duplicate rows on the ridge.The narrow row flat planting, line-spacing 30-45cm accomplishes sowing, ridging, suppression is worked continuously.
(9) density
Decide according to breediness, water and fertilizer condition and planting type.The plot that soil fertility is high, property in great numbers is strong, the suitable thin planting of kind that breeding time is long; Otherwise suitable dense planting.25-28 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of black soil region south per hectare.Middle part per hectare 28-30 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings; 30-35 ten thousand strains of keeping a full stand of seedings of northern per hectare.Promptly hectare is kept a full stand of seedings the strain number than traditional density minimizing 3-4 ten thousand strains.
(10) seeding quality
Sowing does not evenly have the section bar.The no seed section of being bar in the 20cm of non-bunch planting, every 5m section bar is no more than 1 place.Should aim at center, top, ridge during machinery ridge upper seeding wheel, deviation ± 3cm.The amount of broadcasting error ± 3%, seed level 4-6cm, line-spacing error ± 1cm, interstation error ± 2cm, reciprocal line-spacing ± 5cm, earthing is even, in time suppression.
(11) field management
A dark pine or a plough before when soybean arch soil, shoveling.In time shovel time is accomplished two shovels three times, and shovel time seedling-damaging ratio is less than 3%.Later stage is pulled out clean big grass before grass-seed prematurity still.
(12) diseases and pests controlling
Adhere to the policy of " putting prevention first integrated control ", the coordination of reinforcement cultural control, biological control, physical control and chemical control and supporting, strict control chemical pesticide amount of application.
(13) results
Implementation branch kind is gathered in the crops separately, single storage, Dan Yun; Artificial results, fallen leaves reach at 90% o'clock to carry out; The mechanically combining harvesting, blade all falls only, and beans returns bowlder to carry out; It is low to require to cut stubble during harvesting, does not stay pod, and cutting height is as the criterion with the pod of not keeping on file, is generally 5-6cm.The field loss rate is less than 1%, and the threshing percent of loss is less than 2%, and broken grain rate is less than 5%, and the mud paint face leads less than 5%, and clean rate is greater than 95%.
Claims (1)
1, a kind of cultivation method of oil-rich soybean is characterized in that: high yield high oil variety or strain, north plant that south is moved to this cultivation method by selecting for use, early sowing in good time, suitably thin planting, efficent rotation, benefit potassium application and optimize seven measures of fertilising and finish:
(1) selects high yield high oil variety or strain for use
Select for use the main breed or the strain of high yield high-oil-content soybean to be: " closing rich 42 ", " east farming 163 ", " cultivating 97-385 ", " Heihe 1183 ", " Heihe 1271 ", " Heihe 170 ", " cultivating mirror beans 27 ", " cultivating mirror beans 25 " and " Heihe 1611 ", and determined the suitable planting zone;
(2) kind south in north is moved
(about 100-200 kilometer) moved in the kind south, north of appropriateness, can obtain output and the oil content more higher than local soybean;
(3) early sowing in good time
The soybean date of seeding, shift to an earlier date 4-7 days, and the seed oil content can increase 0.3-0.5%;
(4) suitable thin planting
Planting density reduces 3-4 ten thousand strains than the traditional hectare of strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings and is advisable;
(5) efficent rotation
The best crop rotation method of soybean is wheat-corn-soybean, and output is the highest;
(6) mend potassium application
Northeast soybean main producing region potash fertilizer (K
2O) amount of application is 60kg/hm
2About;
(7) Fertilizer Combination
The Fertilizer Combination that the northeast soybean main producing region is optimized is: hectare is executed nitrogen (N) amount for the 18-27 kilogram, executes phosphorus (P
2O
5) be the 45-65 kilogram, execute potassium (K
2O) be the 45-60 kilogram.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101368570A CN101326884B (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | Method for cultivating oil-rich soybean |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101368570A CN101326884B (en) | 2008-07-31 | 2008-07-31 | Method for cultivating oil-rich soybean |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101326884A true CN101326884A (en) | 2008-12-24 |
| CN101326884B CN101326884B (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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ID=40203078
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106358745A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 黄全 | High-oil-yield soybean planting method |
| CN108522195A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-14 | 张立君 | A kind of implantation methods improving soybean yields |
-
2008
- 2008-07-31 CN CN2008101368570A patent/CN101326884B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN106358745A (en) * | 2016-10-30 | 2017-02-01 | 黄全 | High-oil-yield soybean planting method |
| CN108522195A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2018-09-14 | 张立君 | A kind of implantation methods improving soybean yields |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101326884B (en) | 2011-01-19 |
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