CN101321600B - 利用定向束加工原材料的加工室与方法和激光烧结装置 - Google Patents
利用定向束加工原材料的加工室与方法和激光烧结装置 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
提供了一种利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的加工室,该加工室具有用来把束(7)耦合到加工室(10)中的光学元件(9),其中,该光学元件拥有面向加工室内部的表面(9a),该加工室还具有气体第一入口(16)、气体第二入口(23)、以及围绕光学元件(9)的壁段(12),其中,第一入口(16)设置在光学元件(9)的一侧上并这样构造,使得释出的第一气流(18)基本正切地在光学元件(9)的表面(9a)上顺划而过;第二入口(23)这样构造并设置,使得释出的第二气流(25)距表面(9a)具有一定距离并沿着基本与第一气流(18)相同的方向流动。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的加工室与方法,尤其用于激光烧结装置。
背景技术
激光烧结装置通常含有激光器、加工室以及耦合窗,其中,待制造的物体在加工室内生成,耦合窗用来把激光束耦合到加工室之内。
当激光被局部地轰到粉料上并且让粉料得到加热时会导致少量材料的蒸发,并且,被蒸发的材料或其成分、或化学反应产物以及在加工室气氛中悬浮的灰尘颗粒沉积在耦合窗上。这一点会导致耦合窗的透明度降低并由此导致激光束的强度降低。
在WO 97/06918中公开了一种激光烧结装置,其中,在耦合窗的面向加工室的侧上设置了用来引入气体的喷嘴,喷嘴环形地围绕耦合窗,所述气体可任意地吹向耦合窗。气流的分布与耦合窗的表面相正切。
显然,在这个已知的装置中,耦合窗的表面并不在所有位置上都保持干净。此外,耦合窗与被任意吹出的气体之间的温度梯度以及耦合窗与位于加工室内的气体之间的温度梯度会导致束的偏转受到干扰。为了缓解第二个问题,可以让任意吹入的气体从单侧吹入。然而这导致耦合窗表面上具有更快的脏物沉积。
在DE 198 53 947 C1中公开了一种用于选择性地实施激光熔化的加工室,其中,通过第一入口可以将保护气体导入加工室中,由此使得保护气体流过加工面,并且还设置了第二入口以用来将较轻的第二气体环形地导入内有耦合窗的加工室的较高区域之内。由此在较高的区域内形成一种属于较轻的第二气体的吹气体积,通过吹气体积可以把在工作区域中形成的蒸汽从耦合窗隔开。但是,由于温度梯度的缘故,所以“束的偏转受到干扰”这一问题未能得到解决。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于,提供一种利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的、尤其用于激光烧结装置的加工室与方法,其中有效地保护了耦合窗不被弄脏并减小由于耦合窗附近的温度梯度而导致的束偏转这一问题。
通过如下第一方面所述的加工室以及如下第二方面所述的方法解决了发明任务。
在本发明的第一方面中,提供了一种利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的加工室,所述加工室包括:
用来把所述束耦合到所述加工室中的光学元件,其中,所述光学元件具有面向所述加工室内部的表面;
围绕所述光学元件的壁段;
气体第一入口,所述气体第一入口设置在所述光学元件的一侧并且这样设计,使得释出的第一气流基本正切地在所述光学元件的所述表面上顺划而过;
气体第二入口,所述气体第二入口这样设计并设置,使得释出的第二气流距所述表面具有一定距离并沿着与所述第一气流基本相同的方向流动。
在本发明的第二方面中,提供了一种利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的方法,所述方法具有下述步骤:
指引电磁辐射的定向束穿过耦合窗进入到加工室内,其中,所述耦合窗拥有面向所述加工室内部的表面;
将第一气流按照下述方式引入所述加工室,即,让从一侧过来的所述第一气流基本正切地在所述表面上顺划而过;以及
将第二气流按照下述方式引入所述加工室,即,让所述第二气流距所述表面具有一定距离并且沿着与所述第一气流基本相同的方向流动。
根据如上第一方面所述的装置拥有的优点在于可以让下方的气流偏离耦合窗。由此可以改善从加工面升起的载有脏物的气体与耦合窗的分隔。由此可以让光学表面更好地保持干净。此外还可以进一步避免由于自由吹入的气体与加工室气体之间形成温度梯度而导致的束偏转。
附图说明
本发明的其它特征以及适用性显示在借助附图的实施例描述中。在附图中:
图1示出的是一台激光烧结装置的示意性视图;以及
图2示出的加工室的含耦合窗的区域的透视截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出一台激光烧结装置,作为用来逐层形成三维物体的装置的实施例。该激光烧结装置拥有向上敞开的容器1,该容器拥有在其内部可沿垂直方向移动的支架2,支架2支承要形成的物体3。支架2在垂直方向上如此调节,使得物体的各个待凝固的层处于工作平面4之内。另外还设置了一个施加装置5,用来施加可通过电磁辐射凝固的粉状合成材料。该装置还拥有激光器6。通过激光器6产生的激光束7通过偏转装置8偏转到耦合窗9上并穿过该耦合窗进入加工室10并聚焦在工作平面4中的预定的点。
如果该装置被如下设置,即,激光束从上方进入加工室10并且物体3在垂直方向上合成,那么耦合窗9则例如被设置在加工室10的顶壁以内。耦合窗9由对于激光束透明的材料、例如玻璃或透明塑料形成。此外,加工室10还持有未示出的用来维持在工作平面上方的确定的气氛的气体入口、例如用于惰性气体如氮气的入口。
此外还设置了控制元件11,通过它可以让装置的组件为了实施合成过程而以协调的方式得到控制。
图2以剖开的透视图示出了围绕耦合窗9剖切的加工室10的放大视图。在示出的实施例中,耦合窗9作为矩形窗构成。它可以单独作为用来把激光束聚焦到工作平面内的光学元件、例如作为透镜或作为透镜组构成。当然,它也可以作为适于激光束穿过的、用来保护位于其后方的光学元件的保护窗构成。
耦合窗9这样固定在顶壁的壁段12之内,使得耦合窗9在上部区域中把加工室密封。此外,耦合窗9还拥有面向工作平面4的表面9a。
如图2中看到的那样,壁段12拥有邻接在耦合窗纵向侧13上的第一倾斜段12a,它的倾斜表面在与耦合窗9成角度地远离其延伸。基本呈空心圆柱形或呈部分空心圆柱形的第二壁段12b邻接在第一倾斜段12a上,它的圆柱轴线平行于耦合窗的纵向侧13延伸。空心圆柱段的顶点14优选高于第一倾斜段12a的边缘15,从而使得第二壁段12b拥有沟槽式的结构。第一倾斜段12a和第二壁段12b基本在耦合窗的整个纵向侧13上延伸,或者略微超出它延伸。
在壁段12的第一倾斜段12a的靠近耦合窗9的末端处设有第一缝隙16,第一缝隙16基本沿着耦合窗的纵向侧13延伸并且与用于第一气体管路的第一入口孔17相连。与第一气体管路的连接能够例如通过阀门而可开关地构成。第一缝隙16拥有这样的宽度及几何形状,使得被引导的第一气体18基本正切地沿着耦合窗的表面9a从纵向侧13到对立的纵向侧20顺划而过。
此外,加工室的壁段12还在第一缝隙16对面的、邻接在耦合窗对面纵向侧20上的区域中拥有基本水平的第一壁区域21以及一个与其邻接的倾斜区域22。由此可以实现的是,通过第一缝隙16流入的第一气体18基本正切地沿着耦合窗的整个表面9a顺划而过,并接着通过倾斜面22引导离开耦合窗。
在第二壁段12b中设置了第二缝隙23,该缝隙与第一缝隙16平行并基本在耦合窗的整个纵向侧13上延伸或超出它延伸。第二缝隙23与第二入口孔24相连,第二入口孔24与用于第二气体25的气体管路相连。第二气体管路也能够被可开关地构成。第二缝隙23被设置在与耦合窗分离的区域中的呈部分空心圆柱形状的第二壁段12b之内,因此,通过缝隙23放出的气体25首先会流入由空心圆柱形的段形成的沟槽中。如果耦合窗9在垂直方向上位于工作平面4之上,则第二缝隙23被设置在第一缝隙16之下。
从第一倾斜段12a到空心圆柱形状的第二壁段12b的角度如此选择,使得束路径不被切割。
在加工室中还设置了用来导走气流的未示出的开口,该开口可以与吸气机件相连。
可以把氮气作为第一与第二气体使用。当然也可以根据不同的应用领域而使用其它气体。第一与第二气体也可以是彼此不同的。
加工室的限定耦合窗短侧的壁段可以是基本水平的,因此,借助第一与第二缝隙产生的气流不会由于结构而打漩。
可选地,按照下述内容设置控制,即气流18、25在通流量和/或速度方面彼此相关或彼此无关地得到控制。
在工作状态下,通过粉状合成材料利用激光束的凝固,而逐层产生三维物体。第一缝隙16与第二缝隙23与气体管路相连,由此使得气体通过缝隙16、23流入加工室。通过第一缝隙流入的气体18正切地在耦合窗9的面向工作平面的表面9a近旁流过,并在对立的侧上被导走。因此所述气体可以阻止到耦合窗的表面9a的通路,从而保持表面的清洁。
通过第二缝隙23流入的第二气体25由于缝隙23的设置以及结构而基本在空心圆柱形状的第二壁段12b的内表面近旁流过,并且在朝着第一倾斜段12a与空心圆柱形状的第二壁段12b之间的边缘15移动时获得沿工作平面方向向下的冲量。在经过边缘15之后,气体离表面具有一定距离并基本平行于表面9a流过。通过第二壁段12b的沟槽式结构可以让下方的气流25与耦合窗的表面保持距离。由此获得两股基本的层流,它们几乎不会相互混合。这样一来就可以更好地分离载有脏物的气体,其中,当从工作平面升起的气体被推到光学元件上时,不让含有冷凝物以及/或者灰尘颗粒或其它污染物的气体靠近气流。此外,由于下方气流25形成的温度梯度而造成的束偏转明显减小。因此不仅保持表面9a足够干净,而且减小了束的偏转。
该装置也可以具有变型。耦合窗不必非要被设为矩形,而是也可以例如是正方形、圆形或椭圆形或其它形状的。不过,当气体管路的缝隙以及耦合窗的相应侧基本平行地分布时,效果会更好。第一缝隙16与第二缝隙23优选略宽于耦合窗的纵向侧。当然它们也可以更短,不过这样一来,耦合窗的边缘处不会充分地被气体顺划而过。
第一倾斜段12a与第二壁段12b的形状也可以设为其它样式。第一倾斜段12a也可以例如弯入加工室之内。第二壁段12b的沟槽式表面不必非要拥有局部圆柱的形状,而是也可以使用其它适合于气体顺划而过的弯凹形状。
也可以设想弃用沟槽式的第二壁段12b而替代地让缝隙23如此构成,使得释出的气体获得偏离耦合窗的冲量。
本发明也可以应用在其它的用来逐层形成三维物体的装置上,例如用在能够通过激光将粉状、多数为金属状的合成材料熔化的激光熔化装置上,以及用在其它的、在加工室中会出现把耦合窗弄脏的气体与蒸汽的加工装置上。
Claims (13)
1.利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的加工室,所述加工室包括:
用来把所述束(7)耦合到所述加工室(10)中的光学元件,其中,所述光学元件具有面向所述加工室内部的表面(9a);
围绕所述光学元件的壁段(12);
气体第一入口(16),所述气体第一入口(16)设置在所述光学元件的一侧并且这样设计,使得释出的第一气流(18)基本正切地在所述光学元件的所述表面(9a)上顺划而过;
气体第二入口(23),所述气体第二入口(23)这样设计并设置,使得释出的第二气流(25)距所述表面(9a)具有一定距离并沿着与所述第一气流(18)基本相同的方向流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加工室,其特征为所述入口(16,23)被设置成一个在另一个的下方。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室,其特征为所述第一气流(18)与所述第二气流(25)基本层状地构成。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室,其中,两个入口(16,23)或其中一个入口狭缝状地构成。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室,其特征为所述加工室(10)的所述壁段(12)具有按照下述内容设计及设置的结构段,即,让通过第二入口(23)流入的气体获得偏离所述表面(9a)的冲量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的加工室,其特征为所述结构段具有沟槽式的形状。
7.根据权利要求5所述的加工室,其特征为在工作位置中的所述第二入口被设置在所述第一入口的下方。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室,其特征为所述定向束是激光束。
9.激光烧结装置,包括:
激光器(6),以及
根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室(10)。
10.利用电磁辐射的定向束加工原材料的方法,所述方法具有下述步骤:
指引电磁辐射的定向束(7)穿过耦合窗(9)进入到加工室(10)内,其中,所述耦合窗拥有面向所述加工室内部的表面(9a);
将第一气流(18)按照下述方式引入所述加工室,即,让从一侧过来的所述第一气流基本正切地在所述表面(9a)上顺划而过;以及
将第二气流(25)按照下述方式引入所述加工室,即,让所述第二气流距所述表面(9a)具有一定距离并且沿着与所述第一气流(18)基本相同的方向流动。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法,其特征为利用激光束在所述加工室中加工所述原材料的步骤。
12.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,其中使用了根据权利要求1或2所述的加工室。
13.根据权利要求10或11所述的方法,所述方法是激光烧结法。
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DE102006014694A DE102006014694B3 (de) | 2006-03-28 | 2006-03-28 | Prozesskammer und Verfahren für die Bearbeitung eines Werkstoffs mit einem gerichteten Strahl elektromagnetischer Strahlung, insbesondere für eine Lasersintervorrichtung |
DE102006014694.8 | 2006-03-28 | ||
PCT/EP2007/001390 WO2007112808A1 (de) | 2006-03-28 | 2007-02-16 | Prozesskammer und verfahren für die bearbeitung eines werkstoffs mit einem gerichteten strahl elektromagnetischer strahlung, insbesondere für eine lasersintervorrichtung |
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Cited By (1)
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US11981082B2 (en) | 2017-04-21 | 2024-05-14 | Eos Gmbh Electro Optical Systems | Device and method for the generative production of a three-dimensional object |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102006014694B3 (de) | 2007-10-31 |
EP1998929B1 (de) | 2012-04-04 |
US20090266803A1 (en) | 2009-10-29 |
HK1124282A1 (en) | 2009-07-10 |
CN101321600A (zh) | 2008-12-10 |
WO2007112808A1 (de) | 2007-10-11 |
US8895893B2 (en) | 2014-11-25 |
JP2008542550A (ja) | 2008-11-27 |
BRPI0702860A (pt) | 2008-04-01 |
EP1998929A1 (de) | 2008-12-10 |
RU2008112291A (ru) | 2009-10-10 |
RU2378094C2 (ru) | 2010-01-10 |
BRPI0702860B1 (pt) | 2015-06-09 |
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