CN101318865A - Fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease - Google Patents
Fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease Download PDFInfo
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- CN101318865A CN101318865A CNA2008101358795A CN200810135879A CN101318865A CN 101318865 A CN101318865 A CN 101318865A CN A2008101358795 A CNA2008101358795 A CN A2008101358795A CN 200810135879 A CN200810135879 A CN 200810135879A CN 101318865 A CN101318865 A CN 101318865A
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- fertilizer
- trichloronitromethane
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a fertilizer capable of disinfecting soil for preventing a replant disease, and a manufacturing method thereof. The raw materials of the invention are active carbon and zeolite, which absorb chloropicrin, and manure. The materials are made by a scientific method according to a certain proportion to produce a novel fertilizer which takes the prior practice of basal dressing during crop planting and disinfects the soil while fertilizing, thereby not only performing the disinsection and sterilization of the chloropicrin, but also simplifying the application of the chloropicrin and eliminating the potential risk of chloropicrinism. The method enables farmers to use chloropicrin to prevent the replant disease of crop conveniently and safely while achieving the aim of increasing yield and harvest. After the soil disinfection, no harmful residue is left in the soil and the crop, and thus the method can be used for producing harmless agricultural products.
Description
Technical field
A kind of fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease belongs to the capital goods in the agricultural sector technical field, specifically a kind of new-type fertilizer.
Technical background
On same block of soil, plant year after year, usually cause the generation of Plant diseasess such as blight, verticillium, root rot, oxyuriasis, rot with a kind of crop.These diseases are referred to as " continuous cropping disease " in proportion of crop planting.Owing to be subjected to the restriction of land resources and the influence of some variety of crops market value; the farm crop continuous cropping phenomenon that market outlet is good, price is higher is very general; protection ground plastic greenhouse high-density planting caused in recent years " continuous cropping disease " harm more and more serious in addition.This soilborne disease has become a kind of barrier factors in farm crop such as melon, eggplant, potato, sweet potato, strawberry, cotton, tomato, ginger produce.The loss that the continuous cropping disease causes generally about 20%～30%, the continuous cropping kind plant underproduction year by year year after year, and quality reduces.The peasant works laboriously all the year round, and the underproduction reduction of income is complained incessantly.
Vast agricultural science and technology worker finds that trichloronitromethane (trichloronitromethane Chloropicrin) as a kind of broad spectrum insecticide fumigant, has good killing effect to soil-borne disease bacterium, subterranean pest-insect, root knot nematode and muroid in constantly exploring.This product can evaporate into gas in air, all-pervasive in soil, and diffusion depth can reach 75～100cm, can effectively control the continuous cropping disease.Have the raising crop quality simultaneously, increase the effect of crop yield.Be applicable to various vegetables, melon, fruit tree, flowers and field crop.Use back noresidue in soil, pollution-free to crop, use continuously and do not have other detrimentally affects, can be used for the production of pollution-less agriculture product.
Utilizing trichloronitromethane to carry out the soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease evil, is a new agricultural technology that has just risen in China.By the demonstration test of carrying out in provinces such as Liaoning, Shandong, effect is remarkable.Test-results according to the issue of agricultural technology extension center, Donggang City, Liaoning Province shows that the sick rate of the soil-borne disease after the sterilization only is 0.08%, and the check plot is 10%.And crop increases considerably on output, and the strawberry mean fruit weight is 3.47 times of contrast, and maximum single fruit weight is 5.38 times of contrast, and the per mu yield comparison is according to 7 times of volume increase.The various crops of other test on average increase production 20%～30%.Wherein cucumber soil disinfection mu volume increase is more than 30%, not only can continuous crop after the muskmelon soil disinfection, and increase production more than 20%, there are not insect pest, crop smothering after the soil disinfection.(agricultural technology extension center, Donggang City 2005-09-29).Longkou City, Shandong Province Bei Mazhen agrotechnical station is tested 4984 kilograms in field results high-quality ginger with the test of trichloronitromethane soil sterilization for preventing and controlling ginger nematode, finds no disease ginger; The contrast field gathers in the crops 281 kilograms in anosis ginger, 2960 kilograms of ill ginger.Press 2 yuan of current market price high-quality ginger per kilograms, 0.6 yuan of calculating of ill ginger piece per kilogram, 9968 yuan of test field incomes, 2338 yuan of contrast field incomes, 500 yuan of deduction dispenser expenses, the experimental plot comparison increases income 7130 yuan according to the field.(" Shandong scientific and technical information newspaper " 2005.5.18.5 version).
Although the trichloronitromethane soil disinfection has all benefits, and agricultural technology extension at different levels department actively propagates popularization, however China the application of trichloronitromethane is also rested in the scope of experiment and demonstration substantially, the peasant does the at present also very few of soil disinfection with trichloronitromethane.Its major cause is: the one, and the method that medicament uses is loaded down with trivial details, needs with special syringe at planting soil every 30 centimetres of punching injections once to use soil with the hole shutoff after the injection immediately on the ground, and covered with plastic film presses sealing on every side more then.The overlay film time determines according to ground temperature, generally needs 7～30 days.Take off and took the soil exhaust 4～6 days after touching, also require to plant experimentally several seedlings before the formal plantation, observe that not hindering can the scale plantation; The 2nd, the security of medicament makes the user worry.Trichloronitromethane belongs to high poison, the natural disposition of going out agricultural chemicals, and people's eye, nose, skin is had extremely strong stimulation.A large amount of absorptions can cause expiratory dyspnea, are poisoned to death.So direct contact personnel must wear smoke mask, rubber gloves during predetermined operation.When Jiang Jiao, booth etc. were operated in than enclosed environment, all personnel will wear a gas mask.Gac filtering jar on the smoke mask must seal after the use immediately, and is bad as finding the suction strainer effect, change at once.
The use hidden danger of loaded down with trivial details schedule of operation and high-risk is enough to draw back with fear peasant's medication enthusiasm.Common peasant tills the land and generally is unwilling to seek these troubles.More than two bottlenecks that become this new agricultural technology penetration and promotion that has a extensive future of trichloronitromethane soil disinfection.How to break through this bottleneck, this is used in China's rural area big area by the good method that practice at home and abroad has proved to make the trichloronitromethane soil disinfection, promote that agriculture production more steps to a new level, allow crop yield, increasing peasant income, vegetables, melon and fruit, the staple food supply market of the relieved good quality of the people of allowing are provided more, are the important topic of pendulum in face of China agricultural science and technology worker.
Summary of the invention:
The invention provides a kind of is carrier with fertilizer, the new-type fertilizer that cooperates a certain proportion of trichloronitromethane preparation can carry out soil disinfection, and the traditional method of utilizing proportion of crop planting to apply fertilizer to the subsoil is handled disinfecting soil in fertilising.Both bring into play the effect of trichloronitromethane Pesticidal and sterilizing, simplified the loaded down with trivial details of trichloronitromethane dispenser again, also got rid of the hidden danger of chloropicrinism.The peasant can be made things convenient for and utilize trichloronitromethane control continuous cropping disease safely to reach the purpose of increasing both production and income.
The objective of the invention is to be achieved through the following technical solutions:
Fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease is made of following material:
1, fertilizer fertilizer, compoiste fertilizer, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, trace element compound fertilizer, multi-component composite fertilizer, chemical fertilizer can carry out composite as carrier of the present invention.According to the different needs of crop, constitute the fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease of various different components.
2, the trichloronitromethane trichloronitromethane has liquid dosage form and solid dosage, and two kinds of formulations can be prepared with above-mentioned fertilizer, forms fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease.
Trichloronitromethane, another name: trichloronitromethane, English name: Chloropicrin, molecular formula: CCL
3NO
2Molecular weight: 164.39, the molten steaming (℃) :-64, boiling point (℃): 112, relative density (water=1): 1.69, vapour pressure (KPa): 5.33 (33.8 ℃), the compound solubleness (S) in water: 0.162g/100ml. octanol one water partition coefficient (Kow) logarithmic value in the time of 25 ℃: 2.1, stability and reactive behavior: stable.
Trichloronitromethane is a kind of broad spectrum insecticide, sterilization, efficient fumigant, and China is mainly used in the grain fumigant insect killing.Japan formally registered from 1948 the proportion of crop planting soil is carried out soil disinfection, existing so far 60 years history.After the trichloronitromethane medicament enters bio-tissue, can generate the strongly-acid material, cellular swelling is rotted, also can make cell dehydration, the intracellular protein precipitation makes cytotoxic death.Fungi, bacterium, nematode, muroid all there is good killing effect.Adult, larva smoked kill power to insect are very strong.Effectively the protective plant root system is not encroached on.It is on the our times and the first-selected medicament of China's control continuous cropping disease.
3, activated carbon, zeolite activity charcoal and zeolite are particulate state, activated carbon granule 1～2mm, zeolite granular 0.5～1mm.Gac and zeolite have stronger adsorption function and slow-release function, stay after drug effect discharges to have the effect of improving the soil in the soil, and zeolite also can keep fertility.The trichloronitromethane content of gac, zeolite adsorption is 20%～30%.Trichloronitromethane concentration in fertilizer only is about 3%, fertilizer is put into nose before 5 centimeters just can smell little pungent road.Do not have pungency, need not wear a gas mask during fertilising.
Above-mentioned various material is through the preparation of science, and the new-type fertilizer that manufactures is applied in the agriculture production, and the peasant can safe ready carries out soil disinfection, administers the harm of continuous cropping disease, plays the effect of utilizing the trichloronitromethane Pesticidal and sterilizing same merely.
Prescription (weight ratio) is as follows:
Fertilizer 80%～90%
Trichloronitromethane 3%～5%
Gac 5%～8%
Zeolite 3%～5%
The production technique of fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease
1, sorbent material activation.Gac, zeolite are put into activation pot respectively to be activated.Gac after the activation, zeolite change the drying oven high temperature drying again over to, and the sealing of dry back is preserved, and avoids ingress of air and other gas.
2, trichloronitromethane vaporization.Trichloronitromethane imported in the gasifying pot vaporize.
3, adsorbents adsorb.To activate, dried gac and zeolite are packed adsorption tower into, make the trichloronitromethane steam enter adsorption tower by pipeline.Strict control intake velocity keeps air inlet and absorption to carry out synchronously.
4, the result detects.Tail gas detects no muriate and exists, and gac behind the absorption trichloronitromethane and zeolite are weighed and gained in weight 20%, both have been salable product.
5, select fertilizer.Determine fertilizer type according to the crop varieties needs, fertilizer type comprises: fertilizer, compoiste fertilizer, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, trace element compound fertilizer, multi-component composite fertilizer, chemical fertilizer.The selected a kind of fertilizer that is fit to crop varieties.
6, raw material is composite.Composite method has two kinds: the one, with the gac of selected fertilizer and absorption trichloronitromethane and zeolite according to the formula rate thorough mixing; The 2nd, the gac and the zeolite of absorption trichloronitromethane are packed separately according to formula rate, carry out secondary package with the fertilizer packing then.
7, packing stock.According to first kind of mixed fertilizer of preparation method, after sampling Detection is qualified, use the double casing bag hermetic package.According to second kind of preparation method the independent packing of two kinds of raw materials is put together, use the monolayer package bag hermetic package.Warehouse-in is deposited and is treated pin then.
8, for reducing investment outlay, also simplify production sequence simultaneously, can vaporize, equipment such as absorption, directly buy the solid dosage trichloronitromethane and undertaken composite by prescription.The solid dosage trichloronitromethane can be produced at scientific and technological development (Beijing) center by middle lavatory ring.Can satisfy supply.
Fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease of the present invention combines soil disinfection and farmland fertilization scientifically and rationally, broken through the bottleneck that the trichloronitromethane soil disinfection can't big area be promoted.Make the medicine of the control continuous cropping disease of this domestic and international first-selection become possibility in China's agriculture production large-area applications.
Benefit of the present invention have following some:
1, increases crop yield.The sick loss that causes to the farm crop of continuous cropping of continuous cropping is generally 20%～30%, and severe patient can reach 50%.After utilizing the present invention to carry out soil disinfection, eliminated the germ insect pest, plantation can increase production 20%～30% with a kind of crop on same block of soil.Actual margin is 40%～60% to increasing production therebetween from the underproduction.As realizing in the big area agriculture production in China that the data that its result produced will be surprising.
2, improve the quality of products.Though the present invention to the multiple germ in the soil, insect thorough killing, has effectively protected the root system of crop, after the dispenser in soil, in crop, do not have hazard residue, meet innoxious agriculture production standard-required.Gac and the zeolite stayed in the soil can play improving effect to soil.
3, accessibility, security greatly improve.The demonstration propaganda of process agricultural technology extension at different levels department, the peasant knows quite well trichloronitromethane soil disinfection advantage, is that former medicine is used trouble, poor stability, makes the peasant forbidding, is reluctant to use.The present invention oversimplifies the trichloronitromethane soil disinfection is maximum, just soil is sterilized in the fertilising process, need not wear a gas mask, without overlay film, the saving of labor, save time, safety.Also safe and reliable aspect transportation, storage than former medicine.
4, cost saving.Trichloronitromethane effective ingredient 20%～30% after the present invention's absorption, because the slow-release function of sorbent material, utilization ratio of drug improves greatly.Compare with former medicine, every mu of ground of former medicine needs 30～35 kilograms, and the present invention only uses 10～15 kilograms, and the effect of killing underground germ insect is identical.This has just saved the soil disinfection expense, has alleviated peasant's burden.
Accompanying drawing: be manufacture craft schematic flow sheet of the present invention.
Embodiment: make one ton of fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease.
1, get the raw materials ready: 850 kilograms in the compound manure that the big fertile company limited already in Tianjin, Dashiqiao, Liaoning Province produces, the green peaking in Dalian, Liaoning Province limited-liability company produces 30 kilograms of 99.5% trichloronitromethane soups, 75 kilograms of 1～2mm gacs, 45 kilograms in 0.5～1mm zeolite.
2, activation: gac, zeolite are put into activation pot respectively carry out activation treatment, conventional steam soak time 1 hour changes drying oven and is dried to institute's water content below 6%, and sealing is preserved.
3, vaporization: with the vaporization of trichloronitromethane stoste input gasifying pot, 80 ℃～100 ℃ of vaporization temperatures.
4, absorption: gac after activated and the zeolite adsorption tower of packing into.10cm thickness is spread out.Trichloronitromethane steam enters adsorption tower by pipeline.The speed and the adsorbent speed of trichloronitromethane vaporization are synchronous.Temperature remains between 25 ℃～30 ℃ in the adsorption tower.5 hours time.
5, finished product manufacturing: will adsorb the gac of trichloronitromethane and zeolite and organic fertilizer and put into the stirrer thorough mixing.The qualified back of finished product sampling inspection packs the double-layer seal packed for standby use with wrapping machine.
Claims (5)
1, a kind of fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease is characterized in that: its constitutive material weight ratio is: fertilizer 80%～90%, trichloronitromethane 3%～5%, gac 5%～8%, zeolite 3%～5%.
2, a kind of fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease manufacture method as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, adopt following program to process, with activated carbon of sorbent and the conventional activation oven dry of zeolite, with the vaporization of trichloronitromethane stoste input gasifying pot, again the gac after the activation and the zeolite adsorption tower absorption trichloronitromethane gas of packing into.Adsorbents adsorb trichloronitromethane content 20%～30%.Press formula rate then the absorption gac of trichloronitromethane and zeolite and fertilizer thorough mixing, packing.
3, according to claim 1,2 described fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease, it is characterized in that main carrier fertilizer can use the gac and the zeolite of any and absorption trichloronitromethane in fertilizer, compoiste fertilizer, composite organic-inorganic fertilizer, trace element compound fertilizer, multi-component composite fertilizer, the chemical fertilizer to form.
4, according to claim 1,2,3 described fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease, it is characterized in that, can under the situation that needs are reduced investment outlay, directly buy solid dosage trichloronitromethane and fertilizer and form by prescription.
5, according to claim 1,2,3,4 described fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease, it is characterized in that, the gac and the zeolite of absorption trichloronitromethane can not mix composite with fertilizer, pressing formula rate packs separately separately, put into unified bag separately after the packing more together and carry out secondary package, mix composite during fertilising temporarily.
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| CNA2008101358795A CN101318865A (en) | 2008-07-16 | 2008-07-16 | Fertilizer for soil sterilization for preventing and controlling continuous cropping disease |
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Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102424635A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-04-25 | 河北省微生物研究所 | Preparation method for composite continuous cropping resistant agent specially used for strawberries |
| CN102742412A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | Method for balancing fertilization medication and overcoming plant continuous cropping |
| CN104230567A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 武汉中农国际贸易有限公司 | Special fertilizer for cottons in middle-lower Yangtze area and preparation method of special fertilizer |
| CN104710243A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-17 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Carbon-based function fertilizer for preventing continuous cropping disease of cucumber and preparation method of carbon-based function fertilizer |
| CN104761347A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-08 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Carbon-based functional fertilizer for preventing tomato continuous-cropping disease and preparation method of carbon-based functional fertilizer |
| CN104761344A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-08 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Continuous cropping-resistant carbon-based functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
-
2008
- 2008-07-16 CN CNA2008101358795A patent/CN101318865A/en active Pending
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102742412A (en) * | 2011-05-04 | 2012-10-24 | 蔡英明 | Method for balancing fertilization medication and overcoming plant continuous cropping |
| CN102424635A (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2012-04-25 | 河北省微生物研究所 | Preparation method for composite continuous cropping resistant agent specially used for strawberries |
| CN102424635B (en) * | 2011-09-19 | 2015-04-08 | 河北省微生物研究所 | Preparation method for composite continuous cropping resistant agent specially used for strawberries |
| CN104230567A (en) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 武汉中农国际贸易有限公司 | Special fertilizer for cottons in middle-lower Yangtze area and preparation method of special fertilizer |
| CN104710243A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-06-17 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Carbon-based function fertilizer for preventing continuous cropping disease of cucumber and preparation method of carbon-based function fertilizer |
| CN104761347A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-08 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Carbon-based functional fertilizer for preventing tomato continuous-cropping disease and preparation method of carbon-based functional fertilizer |
| CN104761344A (en) * | 2015-03-23 | 2015-07-08 | 戴威农业科技发展股份有限公司 | Continuous cropping-resistant carbon-based functional fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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