CN101318310A - Honing method and honing control device - Google Patents
Honing method and honing control device Download PDFInfo
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- CN101318310A CN101318310A CNA2008101106402A CN200810110640A CN101318310A CN 101318310 A CN101318310 A CN 101318310A CN A2008101106402 A CNA2008101106402 A CN A2008101106402A CN 200810110640 A CN200810110640 A CN 200810110640A CN 101318310 A CN101318310 A CN 101318310A
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Abstract
A honing method and honing control device suitable for the honing having a large processing area is provided. The honing control device includes a grinder and an expansion member for disposition in a processing hole of a workpiece. The amount of an expanding movement when the grinder contacts the inner surface of a gauge hole via the expansion member is stored as a target expansion amount by inserting a honing head into the gauge hole having the same size as a target processing diameter of a master gauge. Then, a honing of an inner surface of the processing hole is performed by inserting the honing head within a processing hole of a workpiece moving the grinder towards an outer side of a diametrical direction by the expansion member installed within the honing head to rotate the honing head. The honing is completed when the amount of the expanding movement of the grinder reaches a target expansion amount established by the master gauge.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method and honing control device of accurately honing cylinder inner surface.
Background technology
Traditionally, for the diameter and the shape in the cylinder hole that processes cylinder block,, therefore need for example fine finishining circularity accurately and cylindricity because the cylinder hole is the key component of decision engine performance always.So far, adopt honing method as last fine finishining usually.Japanese kokai publication hei 5-277928 communique discloses a kind of method that is used for the honing cylinder surfaces, wherein continuous measurement cylinder diameter during processing.When reaching predetermined cylinder diameter, finish processing.
As this patent gazette institute teaching,, therefore pneumatic micrometer gauge (air micro gauge) can be installed in honing head as machining tool because this method is measured cylinder diameter during processing.In addition, as the another kind of method of during processing, measuring cylinder diameter, feeler gauge (plug gauge) can be installed in honing head.
Summary of the invention
Herein disclosed is and be used for method and the device that accurately honing has the workpiece in hole to be processed.A kind of method of the workpiece with hole to be processed being carried out honing, this method inserts in the hole by the honing head that periphery is had grinding tool, and utilizes the expansion be installed in the honing head to make grinding tool come machining hole to the inner surface that the radial outside of honing head moves with the pressurization hole.This method comprises: will work as honing head be inserted in the gauge orifice that has with the standard gauge of target processing diameter same size and when utilizing expansion that grinding tool is contacted with the inner surface of gauge orifice definite expansion amount of movement be stored as target expansion amount.Method according to this example also comprises by honing head is inserted in the hole, and utilizes the expansion that is installed in the honing head that grinding tool is moved to radial outside, and rotates the inner surface that honing head comes honing bores.At last, comprise when the value that the amount of feeding obtained that deducts the grinding tool that the workpiece deformation that produced by the processing reaction force against the grinding tool in hole causes by the expansion amount of movement from grinding tool reaches according to the method for this example and finish honing when using the target expansion amount that standard gauge sets up.
Be used to carry out an example of the honing control device of honing processing, wherein, the honing head that periphery is had grinding tool inserts in the hole of workpiece, and utilize the expansion be installed in the honing head to make grinding tool move inner surface with the pressurization hole to the radial outside of honing head, this device comprises: detection part, it is used to detect the processing reaction force against the grinding tool in hole, and this detection part is installed on the honing head.This device also comprises memory unit, and definite expansion amount of movement was stored as target expansion amount when it was used for having with the gauge orifice of the standard gauge of target processing diameter same size with being inserted into when honing head and utilizes expansion that grinding tool is contacted with the inner surface of gauge orifice.At last, this device in this example comprises and is used for the control assembly of determining that honing is finished, in the honing process in the hole of honing head being inserted workpiece, reach when using the target expansion amount that standard gauge sets up when deduct the value that the amount of feeding obtained that the workpiece that is produced by the processing reaction force radially is out of shape the grinding tool that causes by expansion amount of movement, finish honing from grinding tool.
Description of drawings
Describe with reference to accompanying drawing, identical Reference numeral is represented identical parts in several views herein, and wherein:
Fig. 1 is the system block diagram of honing control device according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 2 is the system block diagram that comprises processing reaction force checkout gear according to an embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 3 is the flow chart that the order of honing method according to an embodiment of the invention is shown;
Fig. 4 is the perspective view that is used for according to the standard gauge of the honing method of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 illustrates to be used to produce the key-drawing that push rod is out of shape the mechanism of δ 1;
Fig. 6 is the performance plot that the relation between processing reaction force F and the push rod deflection δ 1 is shown;
Fig. 7 is the key-drawing of deformation mechanism that the machining hole of workpiece is shown;
Fig. 8 is the performance plot that the relation between processing reaction force F and the bore deformation amount δ 2 is shown;
Fig. 9 A illustrates the front view that is used for according to the shape of the grinding tool of the honing control device of second embodiment of the invention;
Fig. 9 B is the side view that illustrates according to the shape of the grinding tool of Fig. 9 A;
Figure 10 illustrates the performance plot of expanding the tables of data of amount of movement according to the target processing diameter and the grinding tool of grinding tool sharpness according to an embodiment of the invention;
Figure 11 is the time diagram that the sharpness variation of grinding tool is shown;
Figure 12 is the block diagram that illustrates according to the order of the honing method of second embodiment; And
Figure 13 is the block diagram that the order of the honing method in a plurality of processes that are inserted between the honing method shown in Figure 12 is shown.
The specific embodiment
According to the honing method that uses built-in pneumatic micrometer gauge, detect back pressure by the gas circuit air discharged, wherein, this gas circuit is installed in the guide pad in being included in honing head.In addition, the gap that is formed between guide pad and the cylinder hole converts voltage to from the air back pressure that is detected, thereby is converted into the cylinder bore dia.Yet, in this measuring method, set the upper limit of gap and voltage transitions.So, when excesssive gap (be generally equal to or greater than Φ 0.1mm), owing to can not accurately carry out voltage transitions, therefore energy measurement diameter not.Thereby, when the zone of removing by honing processing is big, can not use this method.
In addition, according to the honing method that feeler gauge is set in honing head, when feeler gauge portion being put into the upper end inlet portion in cylinder hole, begin to process.And, when reaching, feeler gauge portion finishes processing when feeler gauge portion can insert required cylinder bore dia in the cylinder hole.Yet,, therefore when inserting feeler gauge, may damage the inner surface in cylinder hole because feeler gauge contacts with the cylinder hole.Particularly, when on the surface in cylinder hole, forming shallow layer, coating is broken away from, therefore can not use this method owing to insert feeler gauge by thermal spraying.Equally, owing to only measure the top in cylinder hole, therefore the lower end in cylinder hole is reduced, and when machining area is big, can not measure the cylinder hole.
According to above, when honing has the cylinder hole of big machining area, owing to must prepare to have a plurality of honing heads of different processing diameters, thereby in each processing, carry out tool changing for honing head with big processing diameter, therefore being necessary for grinding equipment provides the tool changing function, perhaps processing station is divided into each instrument with different-diameter.So, may increase the loss of time that is used to the instrument of changing or cost of investment is installed.
On the contrary, embodiments of the invention provide honing method and the honing control device that is suitable for the big machining area of honing.
At first key diagram 1 is to Fig. 4, first embodiment of this Fig. 1 to Fig. 4 diagram honing method of the present invention and honing control device.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the honing control device 1 of present embodiment comprises that being arranged in the front end that drives tube 2 and insertion is formed at honing head 3 among the hole W1 to be processed among the workpiece W.Lifting drive motor 4 drives tube 2 by lifting and comes lifting honing head 3, and travel position detector 5 is used to detect lifting position.Rotating drive motor 6 rotates honing head 3 by rotating drive tube 2.Feed drive motor 9 is formed by the numerical control servo motor, is used for regulating the radial position of a plurality of honing grinding tools 7 that are installed in honing head 3, promptly drives the transfer position that the push rod 8 in the tube 2 obtains by lifting.Be used for measuring the processing reaction force that is applied to honing grinding tool 7 as processing reaction force sensors 12 such as shaft-like unit (rod cell) or piezoelectric elements.
Each detection signal of travel position detector 5 and processing reaction force sensor 12 is input to calculating control part 15 as controller.Calculate the control signal that control part 15 is configured to calculate according to input signal each motor 5,6 and 9, control signal is outputed to the drive circuit (not shown) of each motor 5,6 and 9.The transfer position of feed drive motor 9 arrives calculating control part 15 as the position feedback that reads that numerical control (NC) data, i.e. conduct are included in motor encoder wherein.The calculating control part 15 of honing control device 1 is formed by the NC device, is used for according to the driving of the automatic control of the input of the processing command information that is shown as digital information to honing head 3.This NC device comprises motor control part, calculates control part and input part.
Calculate control part 15 usually according to processing command information as digital information via the input part input, control to the driving of honing head 3, make the processing conditions optimization, described processing conditions is the velocity of rotation, lifting moving position and the rising or falling speed and grinding tool 7 conveying capacity and the speed radially of honing head 3 of honing head 3 for example.Calculate control part 15 to each motor control part output control signal, be used for driving honing head 3 according to this processing conditions.Especially, conveying control radially about grinding tool 7, consider in grinding tool installing hole 21 tolerance (allowance) of above-below direction along grinding apparatus support 22 (drive tube 2 axially), set up the moving target amount of push rod 8, make grinding tool 7 move on to the inside of hole W1 to be processed with the amount of movement of optimum.
As shown in Figure 1, honing head 3 has the grinding tool keeper 13 that is connected with the front end that drives tube 2.
Push rod 8 is inserted into drives in the tube 2, and can drive on tins 2 the central axis (being above-below direction) mobile putter 8 vertically by feed drive motor 9.
(extrusion) 23 of taper pushing portion is installed in the bottom of push rod 8 with two sections.The diameter of taper pushing portion 23 is along with it reduces downwards.For this reason, in the lower end that drives tube 2, be the side-walls of grinding tool keeper 13, be provided with a plurality of grinding tool installing holes 21 that are arranged to along circumferentially having identical distance, radially connecting.In grinding tool installing hole 21, be fixed at grinding tool 7 under the state of outboard end of each grinding apparatus support 22, grinding apparatus support 22 is installed into can be along the radial displacement of honing head 3.The medial end of grinding apparatus support 22 has the conical in shape of two sections, thereby is complementary with the outboard end of the pushing portion 23 of two sections.When pushing portion 23 is descended, by radially outside each grinding apparatus support 22 of thruster of this pushing portion.Thereby, the diameter (being the external diameter of a circle of whole grinding tool 7) of expansion grinding tool.
Grinding apparatus support 22 is by being positioned at radial outside, forming by the periphery grinding apparatus support 22A that bonding is fixed to grinding tool 7 integratedly at outer surface.Interior all grinding apparatus support 22B of grinding apparatus support 22 are attached to pushing portion 23 obliquely at two sections.Processing reaction force sensor 12 is to be fixed between two grinding apparatus supports between the mode of inserting.Processing reaction force sensor 12 detects the processing reaction force F that grinding tool 7 receives from workpiece W.And then detected signal is input to after the visible amplifier 12B amplification in by Fig. 2 and calculates control part 15.
According to processing sequence shown in Figure 3 the as above honing method of the honing control device 1 of structure is described below.In honing method according to present embodiment, as shown in Figure 4, make the standard gauge 30 that comprises gauge orifice D φ in advance, this gauge orifice D φ is formed with and the identical diameter of target processing diameter.In each fabrication cycles of workpiece W, set up the target processing diameter of honing control device by standard gauge 30.In addition, the inner surface in hole is become to have the target processing diameter of being set up by honing.
Referring now to Fig. 3,, the honing head 3 of honing control device 1 is inserted among the gauge orifice D φ of standard gauges 30 at step S1.Then, push push rod 8 and taper pushing portion 23 downwards, make the grinding apparatus support 22 of contact and grinding tool 7 to be expanded, shown in step S2 to radial outside by feed drive motor 9.According to the conveying capacity of feed drive motor 9, the position of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 feeds back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15.
If the grinding tool of being expanded 7 contacts with the inner surface of the gauge orifice D φ of standard gauge 30, then be increased to required pressure from zero output and calculate control part 15 on the occasion of being imported on the occasion of, this pressure by being arranged in processing reaction force sensor 12 detected reaction forces between periphery grinding apparatus support 22A and the interior all grinding apparatus support 22B.The NC data that control part 15 is stored feed drive motor 9 are calculated at time point place in the time will processing reaction force sensor 12 detected reaction forces as the output of NC expansion impact point.According to the increase that detects reaction force, feed drive motor 9 stops, push rod 8, pushing portion 23 and periphery and interior all grinding apparatus supports 22 withdrawals simultaneously, thus turn back to position of readiness by counter-rotating feed drive motor 9.Thereafter, process proceeds to step S3.
In addition, when push rod 8, pushing portion 23, and periphery/interior all grinding apparatus supports between mutual gap when blocked, be created in the reaction force that detects by processing reaction force sensor 12 of above-mentioned time point.Compare with the processing reaction force of reality, detected reaction force is less relatively, and can not make the push rod 8 any bendings of generation or make standard gauge 30 produce any distortion.
So, shown in step S3, by honing head 3 is inserted among the machining hole W1 that is formed among the workpiece W, thereby with inside/outside grinding apparatus support 22 grinding tool 7 is contacted with the inner surface of machining hole W1 by operation feed drive motor 9 transmission push rods 8, pushing portion 23, by lifting drive motor 4 lifting honing heads 3, come the inner surface of honing bores under by the state of main shaft rotating motor 6 rotating drive tubes 2 and honing head 3.Expand the poor of impact point according to the conveying capacity (NC data) in the stage that grinding tool 7 is contacted with the inner surface of the hole W1 of workpiece W (the increase step of processing reaction force F) with NC, by in calculating control part 15, setting up the transporting velocity that suitable conveying capacity is set up feed drive motor 9.Like this, at the inner surface of hole W1 pressurization grinding tool 7.In addition, the position of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 feeds back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15, and the processing reaction force feeds back to from processing reaction force sensor 12 and calculates control part 15.
In step S4, the aperture that calculating control part 15 feedbacks according to the motor encoder in the NC servomotor that is included in feed drive motor 9 read position (NC data) and calculate the machining hole W1 of workpiece W from the processing reaction force F that processes reaction force sensor 12.
Add the position (NC data) of reading that the motor encoder in the NC servomotor that is included in feed drive motor 9 reads by crooked δ 1 that will under the effect of the processing reaction force F that processing reaction force sensor 12 detects, in push rod 8, occur and the distortion δ 2 that in workpiece W, occurs and carry out the calculating in the aperture of machining hole W1.
As shown in Figure 5, if process reaction force F man-hour and be applied to grinding tool 7 adding, then because acting on of processing reaction force F occurs crooked or distortion δ 1 in the push rod 8.Thereby, between the actual amount that moves to the expansion of the NC of feed drive motor 9 command value and grinding tool 7, producing difference, described difference is calculated as [NC command value-by the mobile actual amount of withdrawal amount=expansion of the grinding tool that causes of distortion δ 1].As shown in Figure 6, produce this distortion δ 1 with processing reaction force F with being directly proportional.So the actual amount that the expansion of grinding tool 7 is moved becomes the value that is deducted the grinding tool withdrawal amount gained that the distortion δ 1 of the push rod 8 that is produced by processing reaction force F causes by the NC command value.Especially, if the sharpness of grinding tool 7 is low, perhaps process NC command value big (expression processing load is big), then because processing reaction force F relatively increases, the distortion δ 1 of push rod 8 increases.So the NC command value becomes bigger with the difference of the actual amount (diameter) that expansion is moved.
In addition, Fig. 7 illustrates the machining state when grinding tool 7 contacts with the inner surface of hole W1.Shown in double dot dash line, because the processing reaction force F of grinding tool 7, workpiece W is out of shape to outer circumferential side (direction of hole diameter enlargement).As shown in Figure 8, deflection δ 2 increases with processing reaction force F with being directly proportional.So the actual amount that the expansion of grinding tool 7 is moved becomes the value that is deducted the grinding tool amount of feeding gained that the deflection δ 2 of the workpiece W that is produced by processing reaction force F causes by the NC command value.Equally, in this case, if the sharpness of grinding tool 7 is low, perhaps process NC command value big (expression processing load is big), then because processing reaction force F relatively increases, the deflection δ 2 of workpiece W increases.Like this, the NC command value becomes bigger with the difference of expanding the actual amount (diameter) that moves.
And the deflection δ 2 of workpiece W is also according to the alteration of form of workpiece W under processing reaction force F.For example, about honing to the cylinder hole of engine, two ends at the cylinder that forms the cylinder hole are connected in top board (top-deck) form of cylinder block, tend to reduce relatively at the region deformation amount δ 2 of adjacency upper and lower plates, and tend to relative increase at the middle position that retreats vertically from upper and lower plates.In addition, in opening plate (open deck) form, because in the upper end in cylinder hole, deflection δ 2 tends to increase, so deflection δ 2 changes in a different manner according to the connection status of cylinder by cylinder block.
So, the position (NC data) of reading by the motor encoder from the NC servomotor that is included in feed drive motor 9 deducts the grinding tool withdrawal amount that the crooked δ 1 that the processing reaction force F that detected by processing reaction force sensor 12 produces and the crooked δ 2 that produces cause in workpiece W in push rod 8, thereby carry out the aperture calculating of machining hole W1.
Refer again to Fig. 3, in step S5, compared with NC expansion impact point in the aperture of the machining hole W1 that calculated.When not reaching NC expansion impact point, repeat the process of S3 to S5.When all axial region by honing cylinder hole produce hole W1, when making the aperture of the machining hole W1 calculated reach NC expansion impact point, process proceeds to step S6, thereby finishes honing.In step S6, the conveying capacity of feed drive motor 9 turns back to initial position, thereby stops by 6 pairs of rotations that drive tube 2 of main shaft rotating motor, and by lifting drive motor 4 the machining hole W1 of honing head 3 from workpiece W is transferred to and rise.When removing processing reaction force F, the distortion of the machining hole W1 of workpiece W recovers, thereby obtains the target internal diameter.The diameter that the machining accuracy of the machining hole W1 that is obtained of workpiece W can form similar right boring accuracy standard (tolerance 0.03mm) guarantees.
As mentioned above, in each fabrication cycles of workpiece W, owing to set up the target processing diameter of honing control device 1 by standard gauge 30, and the inner surface that is formed at the hole in the workpiece is become to have the target processing diameter of being set up by honing, therefore, the wear extent of grinding tool is in the 1 μ m after the cylinder hole of each cylinder block of honing.So this diameter can reach for the rank of the internal diameter after the processing without any problem.
Like this, for honing with big machining area, for example, when the inner surface in the cylinder hole of cylinder block carries out the film thermal spray of hard metal, owing to technically make comparatively difficulty of thin metal fever metalling attenuation, so this filming needs expensive.So, as the preparation work before the execution microhoning, even, therefore, it is desirable to carry out the honing of present embodiment owing to the honing of present embodiment under the situation of big processing capacity also can utilize definite numeral processing.
In the present embodiment, can obtain following effect.
At first, this honing method or honing control device 1 are being inserted into by the honing head 3 that periphery is comprised grinding tool 7 among the machining hole W1 and are pressurizeing and carry out honing in the inner surface of machining hole W1 by being installed in expansion 8,22 in the honing head 3 and the mobile grinding tool 7 of 23 expansions.Processing reaction force sensor 12 is set in honing head 3, is used for detecting the processing reaction force that produces at grinding tool 7 against the machining hole W1 of workpiece W.Have among the gauge orifice D φ of same size by the target processing diameter that honing head 3 is inserted with standard gauge 30, and the expansion amount of movement that will work as when via expansion grinding tool 7 being contacted with the inner surface of gauge orifice D φ is stored as target expansion amount.In addition, in machining hole W1, thereby make grinding tool 7 move, rotate honing head 3, and the inner surface of machining hole W1 is carried out honing to the radial outside expansion by the expansion that are installed in the honing head 3 with honing head 3 insertion workpiece W.When the target expansion amount of being set up by standard gauge 30 reaches when the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool deducts the value that the grinding tool amount of feeding that distortion that the processing reaction force that detects according to processing reaction force sensor 12 produces causes obtained among workpiece W, honing is finished.Like this, even under the situation of honing with big machining area, but because the diameter of the machining hole W1 of measuring workpieces W, thereby can realize having the honing of target internal diameter.In addition, the caused error of distortion that produces in workpiece W owing to the processing reaction force is resolved, so the honing diameter of the machining hole W1 of workpiece can be accurately near target processing diameter.
Secondly, processing reaction force sensor 12 is set in honing head 3, is used for detecting the processing reaction force that produces at grinding tool 7 against the machining hole W1 of workpiece W.When deducting value that grinding tool withdrawal amount that distortion that the processing reaction force that detected by processing reaction force sensor 12 produces causes obtains by expansion amount of movement reach the target expansion amount of setting up by standard gauge 30 in expansion, finish honing from grinding tool 7.Thereby the caused error of distortion that produces in expansion owing to the processing reaction force is resolved, so the honing diameter of the machining hole W1 of workpiece W can be accurately near target processing diameter.
The 3rd, expansion comprises the feed drive motor 9 that formed by the NC servomotor, be used for transmitting the push rod 8 of conveying capacity of NC servomotors and pushing portion 23 and the grinding apparatus support 22 that is used for radially transmitting from honing head 3 according to the amount of movement of push rod 8 grinding tools 7 to honing head 3.Thereby, can be easily determine to carry controlled quentity controlled variable, and reduce easily because the influence of push rod 8 bendings that the output valve of encoder causes according to the output valve of the motor encoder of NC servomotor.
Fig. 9 A to Figure 13 illustrates second embodiment of honing method of the present invention and honing control device.In the present embodiment, consider the sharpness of honing grinding tool, honing diameter high-precision ground is more near target processing diameter.
The formation of the honing control device 1 of present embodiment is similar to the honing control device of first embodiment, and therefore the repetitive description thereof will be omitted.In addition, shown in Fig. 9 A and Fig. 9 B, the shape that is installed in the grinding tool 7 on the honing head 3 is trapezoidal, constant thickness radially wherein, but become big to the front width of honing head 3.According to this shape,, therefore be difficult to the lower end of cutting hole W1 owing to can not guarantee the cutting output of the lower end of hole W1 fully.So, can solve hole W1 and tend to become problem with the lower end shape of dwindling.
In addition,,, carry out short stroke (reducing the speed of carrying operation) or pause operation (dwell operation), so that the bottom of cutting hole effectively for grinding tool 7 with constant width size although not shown.The pause operation refers in machining, at the sword end of contact instrument and during the duty (rotation operation) when stopping conveying operations, carries out the processing to workpiece.When honing cylinder hole,, temporarily stop stroke up and down (conveying) operation of honing head in the lower end for the bottom of cutting hole effectively.As a result, time (being the working amount) the relative increase in the lower end with sword end (honing grinding tool 7) contact, thus can solve the problem that the lower end that dwindles shape is tended to have in the cylinder hole.
Yet, in the present embodiment, by adopting the trapezoidal shape of grinding tool 7, the deterioration of having improved that wearing and tearing by short stroke or pause operation or grinding tool spare cause as the processing conditions that increases cycle time etc.
In addition, in this honing method, although the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 is identical, the diameter of the hole W1 that is finished changes according to the sharpness of the grinding tool 7 of carrying out honing.That is to say that the trunnion axis of Figure 10 comprises the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7, and vertical axis is the diameter dimension of the machining hole W1 of workpiece W.When the sharpness of grinding tool 7 was high, about the diameter dimension of the machining hole W1 that compares with the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7, its inclination increased sharply, shown in Figure 10 center line A.Yet when sharpness was low, its inclination did not increase sharply, shown in Figure 10 center line C.In addition, Figure 10 center line B represents and has standard and stablize the diameter dimension of the machining hole W1 that the expansion amount of movement of the made grinding tool 7 of the grinding tool of sharpness compares.
Design the honing method of present embodiment by the grinding tool 7 that adopts above sharpness.That is to say that when the sharpness of grinding tool 7 was high, the expansion amount of movement that is used for machining hole W1 is processed into the grinding tool 7 with target processing diameter reduced.Yet when the sharpness of grinding tool 7 hanged down, the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 increased.
In addition, in order to judge the sharpness of grinding tool 7, the beginning honing.Expansion amount of movement at grinding tool 7 reaches the middle interstage of expanding amount of movement X of setting up in advance, stops honing, and with surface withdrawal and the separation of honing grinding tool 7 from hole W1.Then, measure the actual diameter size of machining hole W1.Like this, judge the machining hole size of comparing with the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool, i.e. the sharpness of grinding tool 7.Equally, set up target expansion amount that equals middle expansion amount of movement X and the residue expansion amount of movement that reaches target processing diameter by honing thereafter according to the sharpness of grinding tool 7.
In order to realize this target, in the honing method of present embodiment, at the sharpness (line C) by having preferred (that is, height) sharpness (line A), difference or before each grinding tool 7 of the correspondence of the multiple sharpness between the two carries out honing, the preparation tables of data.(in Figure 10, only there is a kind of grinding tool with standard sharpness 7 shown in line B.) more specifically, the size measurement of carrying out the machining hole of the workpiece that honing obtains by the multiple grinding tool 7 that use is had different sharpness in advance prepares tables of data.As shown in figure 10, the tables of data of the machining hole diameter of comparing with the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 can be the diameter of expression machining hole with respect to the characteristic diagram of the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7, or about the measurement diameter of middle machining hole with respect to (centre) the expansion amount of movement X that sets up in advance and target expansion amount data file with respect to the target expansion amount of the aimed dia of machining hole.
Figure 11 illustrates the variation according to the diameter dimension of the machining hole W1 of the expansion amount of movement processing of same grinding tool 7, draws the variation of the sharpness of grinding tool with elapsed time.In addition, D represents the average (being the target sharpness) of the sharpness of grinding tool 7.
As shown in figure 11, sharpness height when grinding tool 7 is new grinding tool.In addition, the course of work by requirement obtains stable sharpness during polishing.Yet except this course of work, sharpness is deterioration gradually.This is because the waste cut materials of workpiece W or the grinding tool particle powder of crushing are inserted between the grinding tool particle.In addition, for the grinding tool 7 of sharpness deterioration, by removing the waste cut materials of the workpiece W that is inserted between the grinding tool particle with soft dressing tool (soft truing tool) sharpening grinding tool 7 or the grinding tool particle powder of crushing recovers its sharpness.
As mentioned above, change the sharpness of typical grinding tool 7 gradually by the space between sharpening grinding tool 7 or the obstruction grinding tool particle.So, preferably in each honing, upgrade the sharpness of the grinding tool of setting up with respect to the tables of data of " expansion amount of movement " by " machining hole diameter " to the workpiece W of requirement.Like this, the honing method of present embodiment comprises that shown in Figure 12 being used for set up the sharpness of honing workpiece W and check the honing method of quality of grinding tool 7 of use and honing method shown in Figure 13 simultaneously, is set up the sharpness of honing workpiece W in method shown in Figure 13 by the grinding tool 7 of having set up sharpness.According to preceding a kind of honing method, when in a plurality of cycle times, carrying out a kind of honing method in back, can reduce total honing cycle time by a kind of method before carrying out, keep the precision of the diameter dimension of honing bores W1 simultaneously.
Set up the honing method of sharpness according to shown in Figure 12 being used to, in step S10, by corresponding to first grinding tool 7 (line A) with high sharpness, have second grinding tool 7 (line C) of poor sharpness and grinding tool 7 with a plurality of sharpness between above two kinds of grinding tools, at first prepare the tables of data of " the machining hole diameter " shown in Figure 10 with respect to " expansion amount of movement ".
Then, in step S11, the honing head 3 of honing control device 1 is inserted among the gauge orifice D φ of standard gauge 30.Then, with taper pushing portion 23 grinding apparatus support 22 and the grinding tool 7 that tilt to contact are expanded by push push rod 8 downwards by feed drive motor 9 to radial outside.According to the conveying capacity of feed drive motor 9, the position of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 is fed back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15.
If the grinding tool 7 that expansion is moved contacts with the inner surface of the gauge orifice D φ of standard gauge 30, then be increased to required positive pressure value from zero output, calculate control part 15 thereby be entered into by the detection reaction force that is arranged in the processing reaction force sensor 12 between periphery grinding apparatus support 22A and the interior all grinding apparatus support 22B.Calculate the time point of control part 15 when the reaction force of processing reaction force sensor 12 detections is used as the output of NC expansion impact point, the NC data (reading the position) of storage feed drive motor 9.According to the increase that detects reaction force, feed drive motor 9 stops, and makes push rod 8, pushing portion 23 and periphery and interior all grinding apparatus supports 22 withdrawals by counter-rotating feed drive motor 9 simultaneously, thereby turns back to position of readiness.Then, process proceeds to step S12.
In addition, when the mutual gap between push rod 8, pushing portion 23 and periphery/interior all grinding apparatus supports is blocked, produce the reaction force that detects at above time point by processing reaction force sensor 12.Compare with reality processing reaction force, the reaction force that is detected is less relatively, and can not produce the bending of push rod 8 or the distortion of standard gauge 30.
Then, shown in step S12, honing head 3 is inserted among the machining hole W1 that is formed among the workpiece W, thereby and by operation feed drive motor 9 transmit push rods 8, pushing portion 23 makes grinding tool 7 contact with the inner surface of machining hole W1 with inside/outside grinding apparatus support 22.In addition, by by main shaft rotating motor 6 rotating drive tubes 2 and honing head 3 time, coming the inner surface of honing bores W1 by lifting drive motor 4 lifting honing heads 3.Difference when according to use feed drive motor 9 grinding tool 7 being contacted with the inner surface of hole W1 between (the increase step of processing reaction force F) conveying capacity (NC data) and the NC expansion impact point is by setting up the transporting velocity that suitable conveying capacity is determined feed drive motor 9 in calculating control part 15.Like this, at the inner surface of hole W1 pressurization grinding tool 7.In addition, the position (the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7) of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 feeds back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15, process reaction force simultaneously and feed back to calculating control part 15, shown in step S13 from processing reaction force sensor 12.
In step S14, this process determines whether the expansion amount of movement of the grinding tool that reads reaches (middle) the expansion amount of movement X that sets up in advance in S13.If the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool does not reach foundation (centre) expansion amount of movement X, the then process of repeating step S13 and S14.When hole W1 to be processed was all axial region in honing cylinder hole, process proceeded to step S15 when the expansion amount of movement of then working as the grinding tool that is calculated reached (centre) the expansion amount of movement X that is set up.
In step S15, the expansion that stops grinding tool being moved, and the expansion amount of movement X of storage grinding tool 7 at this moment.Then, process proceeds to step S16.
In step S16, grinding tool 7 withdrawal is a certain amount of, arrive grinding tool 7 not with the inner surface position contacting of workpiece.In addition, processing reaction force sensor 12 confirms that in fact whether grinding tools 7 do not contact with the inner surface of the hole W1 of workpiece W.If grinding tool still contacts with inner surface, grinding tool 7 certain distance of withdrawing once more then.Owing to discharged the contact condition of grinding tool 7 and the inner surface of hole W1, the distortion that adds the workpiece W that causes man-hour or the distortion of instrument have therefore been eliminated.
In step S17, grinding tool 7 is expanded once more and is moved, and the time point of the output that stops at processing reaction force sensor 12 when increasing, thereby expression grinding tool 7 contacts with machining hole W1.Processing reaction force sensor 12 is to calculating the expansion amount of movement of control part 15 outputs at this time point grinding tool 7.Calculate control part 15 according to the actual diameter of the machining hole W1 of the expansion amount of movement measuring workpieces W that puts grinding tool 7 in input time (mid diameter of measured machining hole is provided).According to the sharpness of grinding tool 7, owing to add the influence of the distortion of the distortion of the workpiece W that settles man-hour or instrument, the actual diameter of machining hole changes with respect to (centre) expansion amount of movement X that is set up.
At step S18,, select the sharpness of grinding tool 7 from the actual diameter of machining hole W1 according to the expansion amount of movement X of the grinding tool that uses " machining hole diameter " in step S14, to store with respect to the tables of data of " expansion amount of movement ".That is to say that about (centre) expansion amount of movement X of the grinding tool 7 set up, for example, sharpness has characteristic A when the diameter of the middle machining hole of measuring is size " a " in Figure 10.Sharpness has characteristic B when the diameter of the middle machining hole of measuring is size " b ".In addition, sharpness has characteristic C when the diameter of the middle machining hole of measuring is size " c ".And, the next step in step S23, the sharpness of grinding tool 7 is corrected for above-mentioned definite sharpness (the perhaps target expansion amount of Xiu Zhenging) in the honing.
In addition, the expansion amount of movement of use by the grinding tool 7 stored in step S15 (promptly, the expansion amount of movement X that sets up) and the sharpness characteristic of the grinding tool 7 of the middle machining hole diameter foundation of measuring, calculate the expansion amount of movement of remaining grinding tool according to " machining hole diameter " with respect to the tables of data of " expansion amount of movement " to the aimed dia of machining hole.That is to say that in Figure 10, when the sharpness of grinding tool 7 was A, remaining expansion amount of movement was established as A '.When the sharpness of grinding tool 7 was B, remaining expansion amount of movement was established as B '.In addition, when the sharpness of grinding tool 7 was C, remaining expansion amount of movement was established as C '.Like this, according to the sharpness characteristic of grinding tool 7, (correction) target expansion amount of setting up the aimed dia reach machining hole is, be (X+A ') under the situation of characteristic A, be (X+B ') under the situation of characteristic B, or the like.In addition, X represents (centre) expansion amount of movement of the foundation among the step S14.
In step S19, feed drive motor 9 transmits push rod 8, pushing portion 23 contacts grinding tool 7 with inside/outside grinding apparatus support 22 once more with the inner surface of machining hole W1 by using, and by lifting drive motor 4 lifting honing heads 3, pass through main shaft rotating motor 6 rotating drive tubes 2 and honing head 3 simultaneously, thereby begin honing once more.According to conveying capacity (NC data) in the stage that grinding tool 7 is contacted with the inner surface of the hole W1 of workpiece W (the increase step of processing reaction force F) and the difference between the NC expansion impact point, set up the transporting velocity of feed drive motor 9 by the suitable conveying capacity in the calculating control part 15.Like this, pressurization grinding tool 7 in the inner surface of hole W1.In addition, the position (being the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool) of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 is fed back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15, process reaction force simultaneously and feed back to calculating control part 15, shown in step S20 from processing reaction force sensor 12.
In step S21, whether the expansion amount of movement of the grinding tool among this process determining step S20 reaches (correction) expansion moving target amount of setting up among the step S18.If the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool does not reach (correction) expansion moving target amount, the then process of repeating step S20 and S21.When hole W1 was all axial region in honing cylinder hole, if the expansion amount of movement of the grinding tool 7 that is calculated reaches (correction) expansion moving target amount, then process proceeded to step S22.
In step S22, the conveying capacity of feed drive motor 9 turns back to initial position, thereby stops to drive the rotation of tube 2 by main shaft rotating motor 6.In addition, make machining hole W1 dial-out and the rise of honing head 3 by lifting drive motor 4 from workpiece W.Like this, finish honing in this process.
According to the honing method of setting up sharpness shown in Figure 13, in step 31, honing head 3 is inserted among the machining hole W1 that is formed among the workpiece W, thereby and by operation feed drive motor 9 transmit push rods 8, pushing portion 23 contacts grinding tool 7 with inside/outside grinding apparatus support 22 once more with the inner surface of machining hole W1.In addition, by begin the inner surface of honing bores simultaneously by main shaft rotating motor 6 rotating drive tubes 2 and honing head 3 by lifting drive motor 4 lifting honing heads 3.(the increase step of processing reaction force F) conveying capacity (NC data) and NC expand the difference between the impact point when according to use feed drive motor 9 grinding tool 7 being contacted with the inner surface of hole W1, set up the transporting velocity of feed drive motor 9 by the suitable conveying capacity in the calculating control part 15.Like this, pressurization grinding tool 7 in the inner surface of hole W1.In addition, the position (being the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7) of reading that is included in motor encoder in the NC servomotor of feed drive motor 9 feeds back to as the NC data and calculates control part 15, process reaction force simultaneously and feed back to calculating control part 15, shown in step S32 from processing reaction force sensor 12.
In step S33, this process determines according to the sharpness of the grinding tool of setting up 7 whether the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 reaches (correction) target expansion amount in step S23.Equally, when the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 does not reach (correction) target expansion amount, the process of repeating step S32 and S33.In addition, when hole W1 was all axial region in honing cylinder hole, if the expansion amount of movement of the grinding tool 7 that is calculated reaches (correction) expansion moving target amount, then process proceeded to step S34.
In step S34, the conveying capacity of feed drive motor 9 turns back to initial position, thereby stops to drive the rotation of tube 2 by main shaft rotating motor 6.Make machining hole W1 dial-out and the rise of honing head 3 by lifting drive motor 4 from workpiece W.Like this, finish the honing of this process.
When the honing method of sharpness is set up in shown in Figure 12 being used to of execution in each honing, can revise the sharpness of the grinding tool 7 that in this honing, uses at every turn, therefore can improve the precision and the circularity of the diameter in hole to be processed after honing.
In addition, for foundation shown in Figure 13 the honing method of sharpness and the honing method that sharpness is set up in shown in Figure 12 being used to, just carry out a kind of honing in back during owing to a kind of honing before carrying out, so carry out these honing methods after can or changing grinding tool 7 at the grinding tool 7 during sharpening is used.Owing in these methods, can revise the sharpness of the grinding tool 7 in the use, therefore can when reducing time process-cycle, improve precision and the circularity of diameter after honing in hole to be processed at every turn.
Except the effect of first embodiment, can obtain following effect by second embodiment.
Reach the interstage of the target expansion amount of setting up by standard gauge 30 at the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7, owing to measure the diameter of the machining hole in the interstage that obtains by honing, and comparison revise goal expansion amount according to the expansion amount of movement of this diameter and grinding tool 7, therefore the diameter in hole to be processed can obtain revising with respect to the variation of the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7, and the expansion amount of movement of this grinding tool 7 changes according to the sharpness of grinding tool 7.This has improved the precision of the diameter of the machining hole after the honing.
And, preparing tables of data corresponding to the variation of the sharpness of grinding tool 7, the diameter in storage hole to be processed is with respect to a plurality of relations between the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 in this tables of data.Based on according to the diameter in the hole to be processed of the sharpness of the grinding tool 7 that is selected from tables of data with respect to the relation between the expansion amount of movement of grinding tool 7 and based on the diameter in machined at intermediate stages hole, target expansion amount is revised.Like this, according to the variation of the sharpness of grinding tool 7, the diameter in hole to be processed can obtain revising with respect to the fluctuation of grinding tool expansion amount of movement.So, can improve the diameter precision in hole to be processed.
Owing to the diameter of when the inner surface of hole W1 is withdrawn and separate, measuring interstage hole to be processed when the grinding tool 7 of honing head 3, therefore can eliminate the distortion of the workpiece W that adds the arrangement in man-hour or the distortion of instrument, and can carry out stable processing remaining workpiece.So, can improve the precision of the workpiece of completion.
In addition, for after finishing the honing that target expansion amount is corrected, in a plurality of processes, workpiece W being carried out honing, owing to carry out honing, therefore during honing, can omit measurement to the diameter in the hole to be processed in middle stage in the little a plurality of processes of variation of the sharpness of the grinding tool 7 that is used for honing according to the target expansion amount that is corrected.Like this, even in each honing, the sharpness of grinding tool 7 is judged, also can reduce time process-cycle.
In this embodiment, grinding tool 7 forms trapezoidal, wherein along with the front width near honing head 3 is gradually wide.In this, owing to can not guarantee the cutting output of the lower end of hole W1 to be processed fully, so the lower end that is difficult to cut hole W1 to be processed.Like this, the problem of dwindling shape is tended to have in the lower end that can solve hole W1.In addition, because the circularity of the hole W1 that can guarantee to complete, the deterioration that therefore for example increases cycle time or the processing conditions such as the wear of work by short stroke or pause operation or grinding tool 7 can improve.
In order to make that understand the present invention has easily illustrated the foregoing description, and the foregoing description does not limit the present invention.On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover the various distortion and the equivalent arrangements that are included in the appended claims scope, this scope will be given the most wide in range explanation, so that comprise allowed by law all distortion and equivalent structure.
The cross reference of related application
The application requires the priority of Japanese patent application No.2007-151348 that submitted on June 7th, 2007 and the Japanese patent application No.2008-030572 that submitted on February 12nd, 2008, and the full content of this Japanese patent application is contained in this by reference.
Claims (15)
1. honing method, it carries out honing to the workpiece with hole to be processed, described method is inserted in the described hole by the honing head that periphery is had grinding tool, and utilize the expansion be installed in the described honing head that described grinding tool is moved with the inner surface in the described hole of pressurizeing to the radial outside of described honing head and process described hole, described method comprises:
To work as described honing head be inserted in the gauge orifice that has with the standard gauge of target processing diameter same size and when utilizing described expansion that described grinding tool is contacted with the inner surface of described gauge orifice definite expansion amount of movement be stored as target expansion amount;
By described honing head is inserted in the described hole, utilize the described expansion that is installed in the described honing head that described grinding tool is moved to radial outside, and rotate the inner surface that described honing head comes the described hole of honing; And
When the value that the amount of feeding obtained that deducts the described grinding tool that the workpiece deformation that produced by the processing reaction force against the described grinding tool in described hole causes by the expansion amount of movement from described grinding tool reaches when using the described target expansion amount that described standard gauge sets up, finish described honing.
2. honing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, finishes described honing and also comprises:
The value that the withdrawal amount of the described grinding tool that causes when the distortion that deducts the described expansion that is produced by described processing reaction force by the described expansion amount of movement from described grinding tool is obtained reaches when using the described target expansion amount that described standard gauge sets up, and finishes described honing.
3. honing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described honing method also comprises:
Reach the interstage of using the described target expansion amount that described standard gauge sets up at the described expansion amount of movement of described grinding tool and measure the diameter in the hole that described honing obtains; And
Relatively revise described target expansion amount based on the described expansion amount of movement of the diameter in the described hole in described interstage and described grinding tool.
4. honing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, described honing method also comprises:
The tables of data that concerns between the diameter that the described hole of storage is provided and the described expansion amount of movement of corresponding described grinding tool, described relation is corresponding to the variation of the sharpness of described grinding tool; And
Revising described target expansion amount comprises based on the diameter in the described hole in described interstage and based on revising described target expansion amount according to the relation between the described expansion amount of movement of the described diameter of the sharpness of the grinding tool that is selected from described tables of data and corresponding described grinding tool.
5. honing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, the diameter of measuring described hole in the described interstage comprises:
From the withdraw described grinding tool of described honing head of the inner surface in described hole;
After the distortion in having eliminated described workpiece or instrument, described grinding tool is contacted with the described inner surface in described hole.
6. honing method according to claim 3 is characterized in that, uses corrected target expansion amount as target expansion amount described workpiece to be carried out the honing second time after finishing described honing.
7. honing method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the shape of described grinding tool is trapezoidal, and is wherein, wide more the closer to the front width of described honing head.
8. honing control device, it is used to carry out honing processing, wherein, the honing head that periphery is had grinding tool inserts in the hole of workpiece, and utilize the expansion be installed in the described honing head to make described grinding tool move inner surface with the described hole of pressurizeing to the radial outside of described honing head, this device comprises:
Detection part, it is used to detect the processing reaction force against the described grinding tool in described hole, and described detection part is installed on the described honing head;
Memory unit, definite expansion amount of movement was stored as target expansion amount when it was used for having with the gauge orifice of the standard gauge of target processing diameter same size with being inserted into when described honing head and utilizes described expansion that described grinding tool is contacted with the inner surface of described gauge orifice; And
Control assembly, being used for definite honing finishes, in the honing processing in the described hole of described honing head being inserted described workpiece, reach when using the described target expansion amount that described standard gauge sets up when deduct the value that the amount of feeding obtained that the workpiece that is produced by the processing reaction force radially is out of shape the described grinding tool that causes by expansion amount of movement, finish described honing from described grinding tool.
9. honing control device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described control assembly comprises:
Determine parts, being used for definite described honing finishes, the value that the withdrawal amount of the described grinding tool that causes when the distortion that deducts the described expansion that is produced by described processing reaction force by the described expansion amount of movement from described grinding tool is obtained reaches when using the described target expansion amount that described standard gauge sets up, and finishes described honing.
10. honing control device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described expansion comprises:
The feed drive motor, it comprises the NC servomotor;
Push rod, it is used for transmitting to described honing head the conveying capacity of described NC servomotor;
Pushing portion; And
Grinding apparatus support, it is used for radially transmitting described grinding tool from described honing head according to the amount of movement of described push rod; And
The distortion of described expansion is the bending of described push rod.
11. honing control device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described honing control device also comprises:
Measurement component, it is used for reaching the diameter of the interstage measurement of the described target expansion amount of using described standard gauge foundation by the hole of honing acquisition at the described expansion amount of movement of described grinding tool; And
Described control assembly also comprises correcting part, and this correcting part is used for relatively revising described target expansion amount based on the described expansion amount of movement of the diameter in hole described in the described interstage and described grinding tool.
12. honing control device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described honing control device also comprises:
Tables of data, the relation between the corresponding expansion amount of movement of its diameter that is configured to store described hole and described grinding tool, this relation is corresponding to the variation of the sharpness of described grinding tool; And
The described correcting part that is used for revising described target expansion amount comprises and being used for based on the diameter in the described hole in described interstage and based on the parts of revising described target expansion amount according to the described relation of the sharpness of the described grinding tool of described tables of data.
13. honing control device according to claim 11, it is characterized in that, described measurement component is configured to by after the described grinding tool of described honing head of withdrawing from the inner surface in described hole, the distortion during having eliminated described workpiece or instrument, described grinding tool is contacted with the inner surface in described hole, and in the interstage, measure the diameter in described hole.
14. honing control device according to claim 11 is characterized in that, described control assembly is configured to use after finishing described honing corrected target expansion amount as described target expansion amount described workpiece to be carried out the honing second time.
15. honing control device according to claim 8 is characterized in that, described grinding tool is trapezoidal, and is wide more the closer to the front width of described honing head.
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007-151348 | 2007-06-07 | ||
| JP2007151348 | 2007-06-07 | ||
| JP2007151348 | 2007-06-07 | ||
| JP2008-030572 | 2008-02-12 | ||
| JP2008030572 | 2008-02-12 | ||
| JP2008030572A JP5018532B2 (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-02-12 | Honing processing method and honing processing control device |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101318310A true CN101318310A (en) | 2008-12-10 |
| CN101318310B CN101318310B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
Family
ID=40178713
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2008101106402A Expired - Fee Related CN101318310B (en) | 2007-06-07 | 2008-06-06 | Honing method and honing control device |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JP5018532B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN101318310B (en) |
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| CN117047572B (en) * | 2023-10-10 | 2023-12-08 | 中北大学 | Eccentric spindle piezoelectric micro-control self-loading double-frequency ultrasonic composite honing tool |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN101318310B (en) | 2010-06-02 |
| JP2009012163A (en) | 2009-01-22 |
| JP5018532B2 (en) | 2012-09-05 |
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