CN101311653A - 用于低温空气分离的方法和设备 - Google Patents

用于低温空气分离的方法和设备 Download PDF

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CN101311653A
CN101311653A CNA2008101078671A CN200810107867A CN101311653A CN 101311653 A CN101311653 A CN 101311653A CN A2008101078671 A CNA2008101078671 A CN A2008101078671A CN 200810107867 A CN200810107867 A CN 200810107867A CN 101311653 A CN101311653 A CN 101311653A
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pure oxygen
residue cut
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S·洛赫纳
M·劳特尔
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Linde GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于低温空气分离的方法和设备。将进料空气(8)在一个主热交换器(9)中冷却并且引(11，43)到一个用于获得氮的单塔(12)中。将氮产物流(15，16，17)从该单塔(12)的上部区域取出。将第一剩余馏分(18，29)从该单塔(12)的下部区域或中部区域取出，再压缩(30)并且接着又引导(32)到该单塔(12)。将含氧流(36)从该单塔(12)在中间部位取出并且引导(39)到一个纯氧塔(38)。将纯氧产物流(41)在液态下从该纯氧塔(38)的下部区域取出。将该纯氧产物流(41，56)在该主热交换器(9)中凭借进料空气(8)蒸发和加热并且接着作为气态产物(57)获得。

Description

用于低温空气分离的方法和设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于低温空气分离的方法。
背景技术
除了获得单塔方法的氮产物之外作为产物还可获得纯氧的这种方法已由EP 807792 B1和2007年2月20日美国申请11/676,773公知，在这些文献中，将氧产物在液态下从纯氧产物流抽出并且从该方法分开。但这种本身非常经济的方法仅允许获得相对低产物量的氧，大约为空气量的1至2％。这种设备通常用来为电子工业提供氮来生产半导体；在那里，除了氮之外通常还需要高于上述产物量的纯氧量。
发明内容
因此，本发明的任务在于，提供开头所述类型的方法和相应的设备，在该方法和设备中可产生相对大量的纯氧产物。
该任务这样来解决：将纯氧产物流在主热交换器中凭借进料空气蒸发和加热并且接着作为气态产物获得。
根据本发明，提出了一种用于低温空气分离的方法，在该方法中，将进料空气在一个主热交换器中冷却并且引入到一个用于获得氮的单塔中，将氮产物流从单塔的上部区域取出，将第一剩余馏分从单塔的下部区域或中部区域取出，再压缩并且接着又引导到单塔，将含氧流从单塔在中间部位取出并且引导到一个纯氧塔，以及将纯氧产物流在液态下从纯氧塔的下部区域取出，其中，将纯氧产物流在该主热交换器中凭借进料空气蒸发和加热并且接着作为气态产物获得。
该方法方式原则上在双塔方法中作为“内部压缩”公知。如果要在压力下获得气态产物，该内部压缩作为气态的产物压缩(外部压缩)的替换方案来使用。
但本发明的目标方向不同：产物蒸发在此首先用于液化冷量的再获得，该液化冷量包含在以液态抽出的纯氧产物流中。即已经证实，氧产物量中的限制因素通过该设备的产冷量来形成。在本发明中，在公知方法中随着氧产物导出的液化冷量在主热交换器中传递给进料空气或进料空气的分流并且由此保持该过程(除了通常的交换损失之外)。
“主热交换器”优选通过一个唯一的热交换器块构成。在大的设备中有意义的可以是，主热交换器通过多个在温度特性方面并联连接的段来实现，这些段通过彼此分开的结构元件构成。原则上主热交换器或这些段中的每一个通过两个或多个串联连接的块构成。
概念“蒸发”在此包括在超临界压力下的伪蒸发。在其下将纯氧产物流引入到主热交换器中的压力因此与凭借纯氧产物流(伪)凝结的载热体的压力一样也可高于临界压力。
如果需要现场处于纯氧塔的工作压力之上的提高了的压力下的氧，则有利的是，使纯氧产物流在液态下达到一个提高了的压力。由此，在本发明的范围内，热的氧压缩机可取消或至少构造得相对小。
另外，有利的是，借助于一个冷压缩机来进行第一剩余馏分的再压缩。对于“冷压缩机”在此理解为这样一种压缩机，该压缩机在低于200K、优选低于150K、尤其是90与120K之间的入口温度下工作。
在本发明的另一个构型中，将第二剩余馏分从单塔的下部区域取出并且使其在一个膨胀机中作功地膨胀，其中，在作功膨胀时产生的机械能至少部分地用于再压缩第一剩余馏分。机械能到再压缩机的传递直接机械地例如通过膨胀机和再压缩机的公用轴来进行。尤其是当再压缩机构造成冷压缩机时，优选由膨胀机产生的机械能的仅一部分传递给再压缩机；剩余部分流到一个热的制动装置，例如制动鼓风机、发电机或耗散性制动器。
在本发明的另一个构型中，单塔具有一个塔顶冷凝器，来自单塔的上部区域的蒸汽在该塔顶冷凝器中至少部分地凝结，其中，在塔顶冷凝器中第一剩余馏分在其被再压缩之前和/或第二剩余馏分在其作功膨胀之前至少部分地蒸发。
至少在塔顶冷凝器中获得的冷凝物的一部分作为回流供应给单塔。如果这两个剩余馏分具有相同的成分，则这些剩余馏分共同地被引导通过塔顶冷凝器。但优选这些剩余馏分在塔顶冷凝器的分开的通道中被引导，尤其是当这些剩余馏分具有不同的成分时。
有利的是，将第二剩余馏分在单塔的塔底抽出。
第一剩余馏分原则上可与第二剩余馏分一起从单塔抽出，例如在塔底上(参见EP 412793 B2)。但在多数情况下有利的是，第一剩余馏分比第二剩余馏分具有更高的氮含量。于是将第一剩余馏分从单塔的中间部位抽出，该中间部位设置在塔底的上方，尤其是这样一个部位的上方，在该部位上将第二剩余馏分取出。这两个剩余馏分于是分开地在塔顶冷凝器中蒸发并且输送给再压缩装置或作功的膨胀装置。
此外，本发明还涉及一种用于低温空气分离的设备。
根据本发明，提出了一种用于低温空气分离的设备，具有：用于冷却进料空气的主热交换器；用于将经冷却的进料空气导入到一个用于获得氮的单塔中的装置；氮产物管路，该氮产物管路与单塔的上部区域相连接；用于将第一剩余馏分从单塔的下部区域或中部区域取出的第一剩余馏分管路，该第一剩余馏分管路通过一个再压缩机并且接着又与单塔相连接；用于将含氧流从单塔的中间部位取出并且用于将含氧流引入到一个纯氧塔中的装置；以及用于将纯氧产物流在液态下从纯氧塔的下部区域取出的纯氧产物管路，其中，纯氧产物管路与主热交换器相连接，该设备具有一个用于将气态纯氧产物从主热交换器取出的气体产物管路。
有利的是，在纯氧产物管路中设置有用于在液态下提高压力的装置。
有利的是，再压缩机构造成冷压缩机。
附图说明
下面借助于附图中示意性地示出的实施例来详细描述本发明以及本发明的其它细节。附图表示：
图1用于低温空气分离的设备的一个实施例。
具体实施方式
大气的空气1经由一个过滤器2由空气压缩机吸入并且在那里被压缩到6至20bar、优选大约9bar的绝对压力。在流过一个后冷却器4和一个水分离器5之后，经压缩的空气6在一个净化装置7中被净化，该净化装置具有一对填充有吸附材料、优选分子筛的容器。经净化的空气8在一个主热交换器9中冷却到大约露点并且部分地液化。经冷却的空气10的第一部分11经由一个节流阀51被引入到单塔12中。该馈入优选在塔底上方的一些实际或理论的塔板处进行。
单塔12的工作压力(在塔顶上)取值为6至20bar、优选大约9bar。该单塔的塔顶冷凝器通过第一剩余馏分18和第二剩余馏分14来冷却。第二剩余馏分14从单塔12的塔底抽出，第一剩余馏分18从中间部位在空气馈送上方的或与该空气馈送相同的高度上的一些实际或理论的塔板处抽出。
作为单塔12的主产物，将气态氮15、16在塔顶上抽出，在主热交换器9中加热到大约环境温度并且最后经由管路17作为气态压力产物(PGAN)抽出。来自塔顶冷凝器13的冷凝物52的一部分53可作为液态氮产物(PLIN)获得；剩余部分54作为回流供应给单塔的塔顶。
第一剩余馏分18在塔顶冷凝器13中在2至9bar、优选大约4bar的压力下蒸发并且以气态经由管路29流动到一个冷压缩机30，在该冷压缩机中该第一剩余馏分被再压缩到大约单塔的工作压力。经再压缩的剩余馏分31在主热交换器9中又冷却到塔温度并且最后经由管路32在塔顶上又输送给单塔12。
第二剩余馏分14在塔顶冷凝器13中在2至9bar、优选大约4bar的压力下蒸发并且以气态经由管路29流动到主热交换器9的冷端。将该第二剩余馏分从该主热交换器在中间温度下又取出(管路20)并且使其在一个在该例子中构造成透平膨胀机的膨胀机21中作功地减压到大约超过大气压力300mbar。该膨胀机与冷压缩机30和一个制动装置22机械耦合，该制动装置在该实施例中通过一个油制动器构成。经减压的第二剩余馏分23在主热交换器9中加热到大约环境温度。热的第二剩余馏分24排放到大气中(管路25)和/或作为再生气体26、27添加到净化装置7中，必要时在加热装置28中加热之后。
将基本上不含较难挥发的杂质的含氧流36从单塔12的中间部位在液态下抽出，在该中间部位处在空气馈送上方设置有5至25个理论或实际的塔板。将含氧流36必要时在一个纯氧塔38的塔底蒸发器37中过冷却并且经由管路39和节流阀40供应给纯氧塔38的塔顶。纯氧塔38的工作压力(在塔顶)取值为1.3至4bar、优选大约2.5bar。
此外，纯氧塔38的塔底蒸发器37借助于经冷却的进料空气10的第二部分42来冷却。进料空气流42在此至少部分地、例如完全地凝集并且经由管路43流动到单塔12，在那里，该进料空气流大约在其余进料空气11的馈送的高度上被引入。
从纯氧塔38的塔底将纯氧产物流41在液态下取出，借助于泵55达到2至100bar、优选大约12bar的提高了的压力，经由管路56引导到主热交换器9的冷端，在那里在提高了的压力下蒸发，加热到大约环境温度并且最后经由管路57作为气态产物(GOX-IC)获得。
将纯氧塔38的塔顶气体58混合给经减压的第二剩余馏分23。为了预防冷压缩机30的喘振必要时经由一个旁通管路59将进料空气的一部分引到其入口(防喘振控制)。
在需要时可从该设备在泵55的上游和/或下游将液态氧作为液态产物取出(在该附图中没有示出)。附加地可使外部的液体、例如来自液罐的液态氩、液态氮或液态氧在主热交换器9中与进料空气间接热交换来蒸发。

Claims (10)

1.用于低温空气分离的方法，在该方法中，
-将进料空气(8)在一个主热交换器(9)中冷却并且引入(11，43)到一个用于获得氮的单塔(12)中，
-将氮产物流(15，16，17)从该单塔(12)的上部区域取出，
-将第一剩余馏分(18，29)从该单塔(12)的下部区域或中部区域取出，再压缩(30)并且接着又引导(32)到该单塔(12)，
-将含氧流(36)从该单塔(12)在中间部位取出并且引导(39)到一个纯氧塔(38)，以及
-将纯氧产物流(41)在液态下从该纯氧塔(38)的下部区域取出，其特征在于：
-将该纯氧产物流(41，56)在该主热交换器(9)中凭借进料空气(8)蒸发和加热并且
-接着作为气态产物(57)获得。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：使该纯氧产物流(41)在液态下达到(55)提高了的压力。
3.根据权利要求1或2的方法，其特征在于：借助于一个冷压缩机来进行该第一剩余馏分(18，29)的再压缩(30)。
4.根据权利要求1至3中一项的方法，其特征在于：将第二剩余馏分(14，19)从该单塔(12)的下部区域取出并且使其在一个膨胀机(21)中作功地膨胀，其中，在作功膨胀时产生的机械能至少部分地用于再压缩该第一剩余馏分。
5.根据权利要求1至4中一项的方法，其特征在于：该单塔(12)具有一个塔顶冷凝器(13)，来自该单塔的上部区域的蒸汽在该塔顶冷凝器中至少部分地凝结，其中，在该塔顶冷凝器中该第一剩余馏分(18)在其被再压缩(30)之前和/或该第二剩余馏分(14)在其作功膨胀(21)之前至少部分地蒸发。
6.根据权利要求1至5中一项的方法，其特征在于：将该第二剩余馏分(14)在该单塔(12)的塔底抽出。
7.根据权利要求1至6中一项的方法，其特征在于：将该第一剩余馏分(18)从该单塔(12)的中间部位抽出，该中间部位设置在该塔底的上方，尤其是这样一个部位的上方，在该部位上将该第二剩余馏分(14)取出。
8.用于低温空气分离的设备，具有
-用于冷却进料空气(8)的主热交换器(9)，
-用于将经冷却的进料空气导入到一个用于获得氮的单塔(12)中的装置(11，43)，
-氮产物管路(15，16，17)，该氮产物管路与该单塔(12)的上部区域相连接，
-用于将第一剩余馏分从该单塔(12)的下部区域或中部区域取出的第一剩余馏分管路(18，29，31，32)，该第一剩余馏分管路通过一个再压缩机(30)并且接着又与该单塔(12)相连接，
-用于将含氧流(36)从该单塔(12)的中间部位取出并且用于将该含氧流引入到一个纯氧塔(38)中的装置，以及
-用于将纯氧产物流在液态下从该纯氧塔(38)的下部区域取出的纯氧产物管路(41，56)，
其特征在于：
-该纯氧产物管路(41，56)与该主热交换器(9)相连接，
-该设备具有一个用于将气态纯氧产物从该主热交换器(9)取出的气体产物管路(57)。
9.根据权利要求8的设备，其特征在于：在该纯氧产物管路(41，56)中设置有用于在液态下提高压力的装置(55)。
10.根据权利要求8或9的设备，其特征在于：该再压缩机(30)构造成冷压缩机。
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