CN101297049A - 用于制造具有多相组织的热轧带材的方法 - Google Patents
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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- C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
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- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
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Abstract
为了从热轧的状态中制造称为TRIP钢(相变诱发塑性钢)的、具有一种在具有高强度的同时具有极其良好的变形性能的多相组织的热轧带材,按照本发明提出了一种方法,该方法用所使用的钢种的预先给定的、处于以下极限内的化学成分:即0.12-0.25%碳、0.05-1.8%硅、1.0-2.0%锰并且其余部分为铁及常见的伴生元素用组合的轧制和冷却策略来实施,从而获得一种由40-70%铁素体、15-45%贝氏体及5-20%残余奥氏体构成的组织,其中为了在亚稳定的奥氏体区域内紧靠Ar3之上在770和830℃之间的温度下进行最后变形(6’)时调节出非常精细的奥氏体晶粒(d<8微米),对所述热轧带材(7)进行终轧,并且在所述热轧带材(7)的最后的轧机机架(6’)之后有控制地分两级冷却(10、11、12)到在320-480℃的贝氏体形成区域内的带材温度,其中具有在大约650-730℃温度下的停留时间,该停留时间的开始通过冷却曲线到铁素体区域中的进入来确定,并且该停留时间的持续时间通过奥氏体转换为至少40%铁素体来确定。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种从热轧的状态中通过在最后的轧机机架后面受控制的冷却过程来制造称为TRIP钢(相变诱发塑性钢)的、具有一种在具有高强度的同时具有极其良好的变形性能的多相组织的热轧带材的方法。
背景技术
在TRIP钢中,组织的调节十分复杂,因为除了铁素体和贝氏体之外还存在一种作为残余奥氏体的第三相或者说在随后的变形之后存在一种作为马氏体的第三相。TRIP钢目前多数在双级的退火周期中制造。原料是热轧带材或冷轧带材,在所述热轧带材或冷轧带材中通过退火处理在内部临界的相空间中来调节出大约50%α-50%γ-原始组织。由于奥氏体的对碳来说较高的溶解性,在那里存在较高的碳浓度。在退火处理之后,快速冷却过程从铁素体及珠光体区域旁边进入到贝氏体区域中,在所述贝氏体区域中等温地保持一些时间。奥氏体部分地转换为贝氏体并且同时在残余奥氏体中碳进一步积聚。由此将马氏体-起始温度Ms降低到低于环境温度的数值并且因此残余奥氏体在环境温度时也保持存在。最终组织包括40-70%铁素体、15-40%贝氏体及5-20%残余奥氏体。
所述TRIP钢的特殊效应就是在出现外部的塑性变形时亚稳定的残余奥氏体转化为马氏体。在奥氏体转换为马氏体时出现体积增加,所述体积增加不仅由奥氏体承担,而且也由周围的组织组成部分承担。铁素体的母体被塑性化,这又引起更高的强化并且在总体上导致更高的塑性伸长。对于如此制成的钢来说产生了高强度及高延性的非同一般的组合,因而这样的钢特别适合用于汽车工业中。
所描述的目前多数在工业上用于制造TRIP钢的工艺控制由于在轧制过程之后附加的退火及冷却处理而十分麻烦和成本昂贵,因而过去尝试直接作为热轧带材在用于热轧带材制造的工业生产设备上来制造这些TRIP钢。例如,在EP 1 396 549中说明了一种在连续进行的工作过程中用于制造无珠光体的、热轧的具有TRIP-特性的钢带的方法,其中钢熔液除了铁及不可避免的杂质还包含有作为重要组成部分的0.06-0.3%碳、0.1-3.0%硅、0.3-1.1%锰(硅和锰的总和在此为1.5-3.5%)以及0.005-0.15%的钛或铌这两种元素中的至少一种元素以及可选还包括以下元素中的一种或多种,即最多0.8%铬、最多0.8%铜、最多1.0%镍,将这种钢熔液浇注成薄板坯。将这些薄板坯以850到1050℃的入炉温度在退火炉中在1000到1200℃的温度下进行持续时间为10到60分钟的退火处理。在除鳞之后,而后将所述薄板坯在750到1000℃的范围内进行最终热轧,然后将其冷却到300到530℃的卷取温度。受控制的冷却在此分两级,其中第一级的冷却速度至少为150K/s,优选为300K/s,并且冷却暂停时间为4到8秒。作为替代方案提出,所述受控制的冷却连续地以10-70K/s的冷却速度无停留暂停时间地进行。最后作为第三种方案在此说明,如此控制所述冷却过程,使得热轧带材在在1到7秒范围内的第一级中冷却到大约80℃以上的温度,并且随后通过空气冷却方法冷却到卷取温度。除了规定的方法控制之外,在此钛和/或铌的存在十分重要,因为这些元素在热轧开始之前一直留在溶液中并且此外在其后来被分离出来时改进所述热轧带材的晶粒细度、提高残余奥氏体含量并且改善其稳定性。
发明内容
根据这种现有技术,本发明的任务是说明在现有设备中更为简单及更为经济地制造TRIP钢,其中可以完全省去退火处理以及省去添加在其它情况下不一定需要的合金元素。
所提出的任务用权利要求1的特征性特征通过以下方法得到解决,即如此在薄板坯-浇注及轧制设备(CSP-设备)中用所使用的钢种的预先给定的处于以下极限内的化学成分:0.12-0.25%碳、0.05-1.8%硅、1.0-2.0%锰;其余部分为铁及常见的伴生元素用组合的轧制和冷却策略制造热轧带材,从而获得一种由40-70%铁素体、15-45%贝氏体及5-20%残余奥氏体构成的组织,其中
-为了在亚稳定的奥氏体区域内紧靠Ar3之上在770和830℃之间的温度下进行最后变形时调节出非常精细的奥氏体晶粒(d<8微米),对所述热轧带材进行终轧,
-并且紧接在最后的轧机机架之后有控制地分两级将所述热轧带材冷却到在320-480℃的贝氏体形成区域内的带材温度,其中具有在大约650-730℃温度时的停留时间,该停留时间的开始通过所述冷却曲线到铁素体区域中的进入来确定,并且该停留时间的持续时间通过所述奥氏体转换为至少40%铁素体来确定。
与上述常见的处理方式相反,在本发明的范围内在奥氏体终轧的热轧带材上紧接在最后的轧机机架后面通过在冷却段中的双级的冷却来调节出对TRIP钢来说典型的组织。相应的组织的调节在此要求广泛的工艺技术诀窍并且要求非常准确地遵守必要的工艺参数。由于在宽带材热轧机组上制造TRIP钢的窄的公差带,自采用所述薄板坯-浇注及轧制工艺起就要提供一种设备配置,该设备配置与传统的带材热轧机组相比为将所述TRIP钢直接制造成热轧带材提供了显著改善的前提条件。由于在厚度、宽度及长度上高的温度均匀性,可以由此可再现地制造具有恒定的机械性能的TRIP钢。由于在既有的连续铸轧设备中在此所使用的传统的冷却段的较小长度,仅仅可以用一种特殊的轧制及冷却策略来制造具有TRIP组织的热轧带材。
按本发明的轧制策略用于在最后变形时调节出非常精细的奥氏体晶粒(d<8微米),所述奥氏体晶粒在接下来的冷却段中加速地作用于铁素体转换。因此,在亚稳定的奥氏体区域内紧靠Ar3之上在770和830℃之间的温度下来终轧带材。
冷却策略成功实施的前提是,必须遵守化学成分的特定的极限值,用于在可供使用的短的总冷却时间内达到所期望的转化程度。关于TRIP钢的制造所提出的化学分析因此在以下极限内运动:0.12-0.25%碳、0.05-1.8%硅、1.0-2.0%锰、其余为铁及常见的伴生元素。
冷却策略在此规定了具有可选不同的冷却速度的双级的冷却过程。通过冷却曲线到铁素体区域中的进入来确定在650-730℃的温度下的停留时间的开始。而后在接下来的短的冷却暂停时间中,致力于使奥氏体转换为至少40%的铁素体。在这个停留时间之后,而后紧接着是第二冷却级,在该第二冷却级中将热轧带材冷却到320-480℃之间的温度。在这个温度下,奥氏体转换为至少15%的贝氏体。
除了采取短的停留时间,所述冷却策略由精确定义的、预先给定的用于两个冷却级的冷却速度来确定。这个冷却速度处于V=30-150K/s之间,优选处于V=50-90K/s之间,这一点依赖于热轧带材几何形状及所使用的钢种的化学成分。关于这些冷却速度应该注意,小于30K/s的冷却速度由于可供使用的时间很少在连续铸轧设备的传统的冷却段中是不可能的,而大于150K/s的冷却速度在所述的由以一定间距先后布置的水冷却区构成的冷却段中同样无法实现。
用本发明的方法制造的热轧带材具有用于不同强度水平的TRIP钢特性以及处于0.45到0.75的范围内的屈服极限比Rp0.2/Rm,并且具有以下所列举的由抗拉强度Rm及断裂伸长率A构成的特性组合:
Rm=600-700MPa=>A>25%
Rm=700-800MPa=>A>23%
Rm=800-900MPa=>A>21%
Rm=900-1000MPa=>A>18%
Rm>1000MPa=>A>15%
附图说明
下面借助于在简要附图中示出的实施例对本发明的其它细节及优点进行详细解释。其中:
图1是CSP-设备,
图2是所述CSP-设备的经过改动的冷却段,
图3是双相钢及TRIP钢的冷却曲线的ZTU(时间温度转变)图。
具体实施方式
图1示意示出了传统的CSP-设备1的布局。该设备1在所示出的实施例中沿输送方向(在图中从左向右)包括以下主要部件,也就是具有两个连铸坯2的浇注设备、连铸坯导辊3、具有炉摆装置()的均热炉4、多机架的轧制机组6、冷却段10以及卷取机8。
图2示出了CSP-设备1的经过改动的冷却段10,在此为实施按本发明的冷却过程而需要所述冷却段10并且所述冷却段10为制造双相钢早已由EP 1 108 072 B1得到公开。所述CSP-设备1的这个布置在最后的终轧机架6’后面的经过改动的冷却段10具有多个以一定间距先后布置的、可调节的、具有水喷头13的水冷却区111-7、12,通过所述水喷头13均匀地用特定的水量对所述热轧带材7的带材上侧面及带材下侧面进行喷射。如此选择所述水冷却级111-7、12在所述冷却段10内部的定位、水冷却级的数量及其彼此间的间距以及每个水冷却级111-7、12的水喷头13的数量,从而可以事先对所述两个冷却级的力求达到的冷却速度进行灵活地调节,用于使所述水冷却级111-7、12最佳地与有待调节的冷却条件相匹配。由此,通过所喷射的水量的调节也可以在冷却过程中对冷却速度进行必要的改变。
与所述第一冷却级的最后的水冷却级117以较大的空间间距布置另一个水冷却级12,借助于所述另一个水冷却级12来实施第二冷却级。在这个水冷却级12中,与所述第一冷却级的水冷却区111-7相反布置了在数量方面明显更多的水喷头13,用于在更短的行程上实施强化密集的冷却。在所述第一冷却级的最后的水冷却级117和所述第二冷却级的水冷却级12之间的空间间距选择得如此大,从而在预先给定的带材速度时为按本发明将奥氏体转换为至少40%的铁素体而调节所必需的停留时间。
图3涉及具有铁素体、珠光体及贝氏体的转换线以及具有Ac3、Ac1和Ms的温度线(20、21、22、24)的ZTU图。通过所述转换线的水平移动箭头27以及所述温度线的垂直移动箭头28可以清楚地看到,既有的或所添加的合金元素向这些转换线或者说温度线在ZTU图中的位置施加何种影响。在该ZTU图中示范性地示出了用于双相钢制造的冷却曲线25以及用于TRIP钢的按本发明的制造的冷却曲线26。在冷却开始时大致相同的起始温度(在Ac3上方)时以及大致相同的停留时间温度(在Ac1上方)时,通过冷却过程的不同曲线走向以及原始钢的不同成分,来实现明显不同的组织成分。相应于所绘出的用于所述双相钢的冷却曲线25,这条冷却曲线25仅仅通到铁素体区域中并且在明显处于室温23的上方的马氏体-起始温度线22的下方终止,因而这里获得一种如愿地仅仅由铁素体及马氏体构成的双相的组织。与此相反,所述用于TRIP钢的按本发明的制造的冷却曲线26首先穿过铁素体区域,而后穿过贝氏体区域并且在现在处于室温23的下方的马氏体-起始温度线24的上方终止,从而在冷却时没有转换为马氏体,并且按本发明获得一种由铁素体、贝氏体及一部分残余奥氏体构成的组织。
附图标记列表
1 CSP-设备
2 具有两个连铸坯的浇注设备
3 连铸坯导辊
4 均热炉
5 炉摆装置
6 多机架的轧制设备
6’ 最后的轧机机架
7 热轧带材
8 卷取机
9 温度测量
10 冷却段
111-7 水冷却区
12 水冷却区
13 水喷头
20 Ac3-温度线
21 Ac1-温度线
22 双相钢的马氏体-起始温度线
23 室温线
24 TRIP钢的马氏体-起始温度线
25 双相钢的冷却曲线
26 TRIP钢的冷却曲线
27 转换线的水平移动箭头
28 温度线的垂直移动
Claims (4)
1.用于从热轧的状态通过在最后的轧机机架(6’)后面进行的受控制的冷却过程来制造称为TRIP钢(相变诱发塑性钢)的热轧带材的方法,用于进一步开发具有一种在具有高强度的同时具有极其良好的变形特性的多相组织的双相钢,
其特征在于,
用所使用的钢种的预先给定的处于以下极限内的化学成份:即0.12-0.25%碳、0.05-1.8%硅、1.0-2.0%锰并且其余部分为铁及常见的伴生元素用组合的轧制和冷却策略在薄板坯-浇注及轧制设备(CSP-设备)(1)中来制造所述热轧带材(7),从而获得一种由40-70%铁素体、15-45%贝氏体及5-20%残余奥氏体构成的组织,其中,
为了在亚稳定的奥氏体的区域内紧靠Ar3之上在770和830℃之间的温度下进行最后变形时调节出非常精细的奥氏体晶粒(d<8微米),对所述热轧带材(7)进行终轧,并且
紧接在最后的轧机机架(6’)之后有控制地分两级将所述热轧带材(7)冷却到在320-480℃的贝氏体形成区域内的带材温度,其中具有在大约650-730℃的温度下的停留时间,该停留时间的开始通过冷却曲线(26)到铁素体区域中的进入来确定,并且该停留时间的持续时间通过奥氏体转换为至少40%铁素体来确定。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,
其特征在于,
依赖于所使用的钢种的化学成分及热轧带材几何形状,将冷却速度调节在V=30-150K/s之间,优选调节在V=50-90K/s之间。
3.按权利要求1或2所述的方法,
其特征在于,
在由具有间距地先后布置的水冷却区(111-7、12)构成的冷却段(10)中有控制地分两级对所述热轧带材(7)进行冷却。
4.具有根据权利要求1到3的方法所述TRIP钢特性的热轧带材(7),
其特征在于
处于以下极限内的化学成分:0.12-0.25%碳、0.05-1.8%硅、1.0-2.0%锰、并且其余部分为铁及常见的伴生元素;
处于0.45到0.75的范围内的屈服极限比Rp0.2/Rm;
关于由抗拉强度Rm及断裂伸长率A构成的特性组合的可能的强度水平:
Rm=600-700MPa=>A>25%
Rm=700-800MPa=>A>23%
Rm=800-900MPa=>A>21%
Rm=900-1000MPa=>A>18%
Rm>1000MPa=>A>15%。
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- 2006-10-10 WO PCT/EP2006/009755 patent/WO2007048497A1/de active Application Filing
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- 2006-10-10 US US12/083,822 patent/US20090214377A1/en not_active Abandoned
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- 2006-10-10 RU RU2008120667/02A patent/RU2398028C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-10-10 EP EP06806132A patent/EP1954842A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2006-10-10 AU AU2006308245A patent/AU2006308245B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2006-10-10 CN CN2006800397062A patent/CN101297049B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-10-11 TW TW095137306A patent/TW200724690A/zh unknown
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Cited By (15)
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US9512499B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2016-12-06 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing hot stamped body having vertical wall and hot stamped body having vertical wall |
CN103168106A (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2013-06-19 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 钢板及钢板制造方法 |
CN103168106B (zh) * | 2010-10-22 | 2014-11-12 | 新日铁住金株式会社 | 钢板及钢板制造方法 |
US10030280B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2018-07-24 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Steel sheet and method for manufacturing steel sheet |
US9896736B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2018-02-20 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing hot stamped body having vertical wall and hot stamped body having vertical wall |
US9840751B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2017-12-12 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing hot stamped body and hot stamped body |
US9598745B2 (en) | 2010-10-22 | 2017-03-21 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Method for manufacturing hot stamped body and hot stamped body |
CN104169444B (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2017-03-29 | 奥钢联钢铁有限责任公司 | 高强度冷轧钢板和生产这种钢板的方法 |
CN102586562A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2012-07-18 | 河北钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种防震抗灾用热轧trip钢板的生产工艺 |
CN104169444A (zh) * | 2012-03-30 | 2014-11-26 | 奥钢联钢铁有限责任公司 | 高强度冷轧钢板和生产这种钢板的方法 |
CN104233092A (zh) * | 2014-09-15 | 2014-12-24 | 首钢总公司 | 一种热轧trip钢及其制备方法 |
CN106048176A (zh) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-10-26 | 日照宝华新材料有限公司 | 基于esp薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产低碳热轧trip钢的方法 |
CN105821190A (zh) * | 2016-06-06 | 2016-08-03 | 日照宝华新材料有限公司 | 基于esp薄板坯连铸连轧流程生产中碳热轧trip钢的方法 |
CN108531811A (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2018-09-14 | 东北大学 | 一种铸轧trip钢薄带的制备方法 |
CN108531811B (zh) * | 2018-05-16 | 2020-05-01 | 东北大学 | 一种铸轧trip钢薄带的制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2006308245B2 (en) | 2010-09-30 |
CN101297049B (zh) | 2012-01-11 |
EP1954842A1 (de) | 2008-08-13 |
AU2006308245A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
CA2625564A1 (en) | 2007-05-03 |
TW200724690A (en) | 2007-07-01 |
DE102005051052A1 (de) | 2007-04-26 |
JP5130221B2 (ja) | 2013-01-30 |
JP2009512783A (ja) | 2009-03-26 |
UA90436C2 (ru) | 2010-04-26 |
US20090214377A1 (en) | 2009-08-27 |
KR20080063307A (ko) | 2008-07-03 |
AU2006308245A2 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
RU2398028C2 (ru) | 2010-08-27 |
ZA200802524B (en) | 2009-06-24 |
WO2007048497A1 (de) | 2007-05-03 |
RU2008120667A (ru) | 2009-12-10 |
BRPI0617753A2 (pt) | 2011-08-02 |
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