CN101287544B - 用于进行化学反应的装置 - Google Patents

用于进行化学反应的装置 Download PDF

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CN101287544B
CN101287544B CN200680038426XA CN200680038426A CN101287544B CN 101287544 B CN101287544 B CN 101287544B CN 200680038426X A CN200680038426X A CN 200680038426XA CN 200680038426 A CN200680038426 A CN 200680038426A CN 101287544 B CN101287544 B CN 101287544B
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A·菲舍尔
H·海因策尔
C·韦克贝克
K·胡特马赫尔
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Abstract

本发明涉及用于进行放热化学反应的装置，其中使气相经过固定床并反应。所述装置包括外壳和可更换单元，反应在所述可更换单元中进行。

Description

用于进行化学反应的装置
本发明涉及用于进行化学反应的装置，特别适用于进行放热反应和高度放热反应的装置，其中使气相通过固体材料床并进行反应。
高度放热反应一般使用非均相催化剂在管束反应器中进行。文献中有大量这类实例：根据EP 0 188 532(Nippon Kayaku)或JP 11080052(Toa GoseiChemical Industry Co.)，管束反应器用于使丙烯反应得到丙烯醛和丙烯酸。根据DE 102 60 094(BASF AG)，管束反应器也用于制备环二异氰酸酯。
但是，这类反应器在使用时不够灵活。例如，尤其是反应器的管的数目确定了反应器的额定容量。尽管可以通过适当的关闭个别管来减少反应器的额定容量，但是，不增大成本要增大额定容量却是不可能的。
本发明的目的是提供可灵活使用的反应器。这是指，例如，如果在催化剂的寿命期间改变反应的效能就必须对反应表面进行适应性调整。同样，将管道更换为例如一层或多层架子(eine oder methrere Horden)或板也会很便利。另外，传统管束反应器中催化剂的清洗、维护或更换造成停机，而由此带来的生产能力损失又导致高成本。
但是，为抵消这些缺点，根据过程，可以便利地优化反应承载单元(reaktionsführende Einheit)的几何结构：例如，当使用改进的催化剂时，改变管直径或管长度对于过程是有利的。本发明涉及用于进行放热化学反应的装置，其由外壳和反应承载单元组成，借助详细技术方案，整个反应器将功能性、压力和温度的要求都考虑在内。在具体的实施方案中，穿过外壳壁的反应承载单元的进口或出口管线的套管由负载单元(kraftaufnehmende Einheiten)补充。
这些负载单元首先用于通过负载套管将反应承载单元固定在外壳上，其次它们用于拦截(abfangen)反应器中产生的应力，特别是热应力，所述热应力来源于反应承载单元的加热和冷却。
借助在外壳上部三分之一处(反应器罩)设置主法兰接头，可以更换所述反应承载单元；借助该主法兰接头，反应器罩可与反应器外壳的其余部分分开。
根据放热反应的反应技术的要求，在各种情况下，最合适的反应承载单元(例如管、板或一级或多级(捆束的管或板(gebündelten Rohren oderPlatten))的排布的形式)可以可更换的方式使用。优选地将该单元引入反应器壳中，从而使其悬挂或竖立。填充壳体的反应承载单元可以由多个模块组成，所述模块以彼此相邻的方式安装或者一个位于另一个下面。这些模块的数目n可以为不超过10。
本发明的反应器特别适用于进行放热反应和高度放热反应，其中在非均相催化剂存在下，将进料气体送入反应。例如，所述设备适用于甲醇与H2S反应得到甲硫醇的放热反应。
所述设备同样特别适用于例如在高温下在非均相混合氧化物催化剂存在下，使C3组分与氧气、蒸气和/或惰性气体或优选的反应产生的废气(可缩合组分已被分离出)反应。
此外，与传统管束反应器不同，所述反应器外壳构造的特征在于，设计成压力空间的反应空间共围封(mit umschlieβt)冷却空间。因此，在两个空间发生可能的渗漏的情况下，外部区域不会发生污染。
本发明概念的一部分在于反应承载单元可快速更换。
如描述本发明的图1所示，本发明的一个实施方案由反应器外壳组成，所述反应器外壳通过负载单元与反应承载单元相连。反应承载单元可以悬挂或竖立的方式固定到反应器外壳上，这样根据设置，在热应力的情况下，反应承载单元的上部或下部可以膨胀或收缩。反应器壳体装配有负载单元，其装配方式使得所述负载单元位于反应器壳体内部或外部并位于进口管线或出口管线的套管处。所述负载单元能够吸收反应承载单元的膨胀或收缩，从而补偿反应器壳体套管处的应力。
文献中描述了这种补偿器的各种类型的实施方案。例如EP 0895806和EP 1048343 A2描述了利用折叠原理补偿应力。另一种实施方案是进口或出口管线以弯曲的形式布置，因而是具有充分弹性的形式(见图2)。
本发明还涉及反应承载单元的布置，反应承载单元有利地以悬挂的方式固定到反应器罩上。例如，通过将主法兰接头布置在外壳的上部区域(反应器罩)，优选在外壳上部三分之一处，可以快速地实施反应承载单元的全部或部分更换。
本发明的装置特别适用于进行放热反应和高度放热反应，其中使气体相通过固体材料床并进行反应。
该反应可以是例如甲醇与H2S反应形成甲硫醇的反应，所述反应在高压和高温下及非均型催化下进行，并产生热量。
所述设备/装置特别适用于C3组分(例如丙烷和丙烯)在高温和非均相混合氧化物催化剂存在下，与氧气、蒸气和/或惰性气体或优选的可缩合组分已被分离出的反应产生的废气反应。反应的温度可以高达600℃。优选反应温度为250-600℃。反应气体的比气体速度(spezifischeGasgeschwindigkeit)GHSV一般应为500-5000h-1(气流单位：[1/h]/催化剂体积[1])，并可以以不超过50巴的绝对压力引入反应。催化剂的配方没有限制。催化剂可以以例如挤出物、粉末或负载的活性组合物的形式使用。
附图中的标记：
1.补偿器(Kompensator)
2.反应承载单元
3.过程气体进口
4.过程气体出口
5.冷却介质进口
6.冷却介质出口
附图说明
图1装置整体图
图2补偿器方案1

Claims (8)

1.用于进行放热化学反应的装置，其由外壳和反应承载单元组成，其中借助在称作反应器罩的外壳上三分之一处设置的主法兰接头，所述反应承载单元可以更换；借助该主法兰接头，反应器罩可与反应器外壳的其余部分分开，从而设计成压力空间的反应空间共围封冷却空间。
2.权利要求1的装置，其特征在于所述反应承载单元以悬挂或竖立的方式安装在所述反应器壳内。
3.权利要求1的装置，其特征在于所述反应承载单元由多个模块组成，模块的数目n不超过10。
4.权利要求3的装置，其特征在于所述模块彼此相邻安装或一个位于另一个下面。
5.权利要求1的装置，其中所述反应承载单元从底部或从顶部插入壳体中。
6.权利要求1-5任一所述的装置，其特征在于所述反应承载单元通过布置管、板或一层或多层架子而形成。
7.权利要求1-6任一所述的装置，其特征在于所述反应承载单元以悬挂方式固定在反应器罩上。
8.权利要求1-6任一所述的装置，其中所述反应承载单元通过负载套管与壳体相连。 
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DE (1) DE102005049457A1 (zh)
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GB551312A (en) * 1941-06-13 1943-02-17 Walter Henry Groombridge Exothermic chemical processes
US3914111A (en) * 1974-04-18 1975-10-21 Universal Oil Prod Co Alkylation reaction chamber
US4810472A (en) * 1985-03-05 1989-03-07 Imperial Chemical Industries Plc Apparatus for steam reforming hydrocarbons
US4741885A (en) * 1985-09-11 1988-05-03 Uhde Gmbh Vessel for the generation of synthesis gas
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CN2273619Y (zh) * 1996-09-06 1998-02-04 东南大学 带有内衬并易于装卸的高压釜
CN1182050A (zh) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-20 阿莫尼·卡萨尔公司 重整装置

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BRPI0617418A2 (pt) 2012-04-17
DE102005049457A1 (de) 2007-05-16
EP1933973A1 (de) 2008-06-25
US20080253926A1 (en) 2008-10-16
US8057749B2 (en) 2011-11-15
JP2009511257A (ja) 2009-03-19
WO2007045531A1 (de) 2007-04-26
CA2626004A1 (en) 2007-04-26
RU2389541C2 (ru) 2010-05-20
CN101287544A (zh) 2008-10-15

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