CN101279363B - Method for inhibiting segregation in large-sized steel ingot - Google Patents
Method for inhibiting segregation in large-sized steel ingot Download PDFInfo
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- CN101279363B CN101279363B CN2008100114098A CN200810011409A CN101279363B CN 101279363 B CN101279363 B CN 101279363B CN 2008100114098 A CN2008100114098 A CN 2008100114098A CN 200810011409 A CN200810011409 A CN 200810011409A CN 101279363 B CN101279363 B CN 101279363B
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- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for inhibiting the segregation of large-scale steel ingots and relates to a casting process of all levels of metal mold large-scale steel ingots below 600-ton level, which is applied in the casting process of carbon steel and alloy steel ingots under the vacuum and non-vacuum conditions and can inhibit the segregation of various components of various black alloy material steel ingots. The specific steps of the invention are that: 1) steel ingot mold material is a gray cast iron; 2) a riser adopts an insulated riser, the taper thereof is 8 to 16 percent; 3) the height-to-diameter ratio of the steel ingot is 1: 1 to 2: 1; 4) the steel ingot material is the carbon steel or the alloy steel; 5) an aeration conduit is pre-casted in a chassis of the steel ingot mold, and gas permeable bricks are arranged at the periphery of the bottom part of the ingot mold; 6) the aeration of compressed air is started after 1 to 8 hours of the finish of the steel ingot pouring, and the aeration is stopped after the complete solidification of the ingot body. A cooling system with the aeration of the compressed air on the side wall of the large-scale steel ingot designed by the invention can greatly improve the cooling speed of the large-scale steel ingot, accelerate the solidification speed of the steel ingot, shorten the mold release time, effectively improve the production efficiency of the large-scale steel ingot and well inhibit the segregation of the large-scale steel ingot.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is a kind of method that suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation, the casting process that relates to following all the rank metal pattern large-scale steel ingots of 600t, be applied to the casting process of carbon steel and alloy steel ingot under vacuum and the non-vacuum condition, the various component segregations of various black alloy material steel ingots are all had inhibitory action.
Background technology
In recent years along with China's power industry, the fast development of nuclear industry and petro chemical industry, increasing to the demand of heavy casting and forging, also the quality requirements to heavy casting and forging is more and more higher simultaneously.Large-scale steel ingot is the product in advance of heavy casting and forging, and its quality is particularly important to improving the heavy casting and forging quality.The process of setting of large-scale steel ingot is very very long, according to steel ingot tonnage difference, do not wait in tens hours to up to a hundred hours, the solute reallocation fully, cause low melting point, low-density elements such as carbon, phosphorus in the solidification front enrichment, add other physical process, as the influence of thermosolutal convection etc., make steel ingot zones of different uneven chemical components, cause gross segregation and microsegregation.Factory is used for the melt pit and the vacuum chamber resource-constrained of vacuum pouring large-scale steel ingot, and the low problem of its productivity ratio highlights day by day.Accelerating the steel ingot cooling, suppress ingotism, is to enhance productivity, and improves the unique channel of ingot quality.
The segregation problem of large-scale steel ingot is researcher and business circles concern extremely.Though form in segregation and to obtain certain progress aspect the mechanism, as determining etc. of segregation type, segregation position, making slow progress aspect the segregation control measure, almost there are not effective measures can suppress gross segregation.In decades in the production of large-scale steel ingot, factory takes the method that allows it cool off naturally, only solidify fully and rising head adopts the method for removing insulated feeder earlier to boost productivity when not solidifying fully at the ingot body, this method, can only shift to an earlier date several hrs, to compare effect in dozens or even hundreds of hour limited with the large-scale steel ingot setting time.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of method that suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation, the present macrotype ingot aliquation of solution factory, the problem that production efficiency is low.
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
The present invention has developed a kind of method that suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation, comprises the steps:
1) the ingot mould material is a grey cast-iron;
2) rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head tapering is 8～16%;
3) ratio of height to diameter of steel ingot (ratio of steel ingot height and average diameter) is 1: 1～2: 1;
4) the steel ingot material is carbon steel or steel alloy;
5) precasting breather line in the ingot mould chassis is laid air brick around the ingot mould bottom;
6) ingot steel casting finishes the back and began logical compressed air in 1～8 hour, and the ingot body stops ventilation when solidifying fully.
Among the present invention, the ingot mould material is grey cast-iron: HT150, HT200 or HT250.
In the chemical composition of material therefor of the present invention, by weight percentage, C:0.01～0.75%, P≤0.02%, S≤0.02%.
Rising head of the present invention adopts insulated feeder, the rising head tapering is 8～16%, insulated feeder is up-small and down-big, and material is a high-quality refractory material: high-alumina brick, corundum, mullite, magnesia brick, magnalium goods or aluminum silicate insulation material etc., there is one deck asbestos insulation board the refractory material outside.
The present invention is applicable to the steel ingot of all ratio of height to diameters, can obtain tangible benefit and use on large-scale steel ingot, and its ratio of height to diameter was generally 1: 1～2: 1.
The present invention adopts rising head to add exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent; The ingot mould preheat temperature is 50～200 ℃.
The present invention arranges pipeline in the chassis, pipe diameter is determined according to the steel ingot tonnage is different, inside diameter ranges 30～200mm, at the ingot mould bottom periphery air brick that evenly distributes, make molten steel when cast porous not, and reaching 150～250mm in the steel ingot side wall solidification layer, air gap begins logical compressed air when reaching 5～30mm width, to accelerate the steel ingot cooling.
The present invention determines the time that begins to ventilate, the flow of gas and the time that ventilation stops according to air gap situation of change between ingot solidification layer thickness and steel ingot and the ingot mould etc., it is wide to reach 5～30mm at air gap, simultaneously solidified layer thickness reaches 150mm and begins logical compressed air when above, and the bigger stress of generation causes steel ingot to crack even ruptures in case ingot solidification speed is too fast.
Among the present invention, throughput was little when compressed air began, enlargement discharge gradually then, and compressed-air actuated flow changes in 3～10kg/s scope, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 5～10 atmospheric pressure.
Among the present invention, large-scale steel ingot is meant 100～600 tons steel ingot.
Among the present invention, the software that computer simulation is used is ProCast.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1. technological design of the present invention is reasonable, by changing large-scale steel ingot external heat-exchanging condition, adopted in the logical compressed-air actuated method of large-scale steel ingot sidewall, improved the cooling velocity of large-scale steel ingot greatly, can significantly shorten the setting time of steel ingot, shorten demould time, improve the production efficiency of steel ingot, thereby improve the output of heavy casting and forging.
2. the present invention's aerating system reasonable in design, compressed air can cool off by the ingot mould sidewall, and system is simple, and is safe, workable, and enterprise realizes easily.
3. employing the present invention, the setting time of steel ingot shortens dramatically, and various types of gross segregations have the obvious suppression effect to large-scale steel ingot, especially " A " type segregation that has a strong impact on follow-up forging quality are had good inhibitory effect.
4. the present invention is applicable to the manufacturing of the large-scale steel ingot of various materials.Utilize the present invention to produce large-scale steel ingot and have low segregation, dense structure, low cost, short characteristics of cycle, be easy to obtain vast research institution and works approval, in case be widely adopted, then can accelerate large-scale steel ingot production efficiency greatly, improve ingot quality, that will have tens benefits to hundreds of individual hundred million.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 large ingot mould assembling schematic diagram, among the figure:
1 ingot mould; 2 steel ingots; 3 insulated feeders; 4 insulation heat-insulating shields; 5 riser busses; 6 exothermic mixtures; 7 thermal-insulating covering agents; 8 air bricks; 9 breather lines; 10 chassis.
Fig. 2 large-scale steel ingot temperature field simulation is figure as a result;
Fraction solid analog result figure after Fig. 3 large-scale steel ingot pours;
Fig. 4 characteristic point sample position schematic diagram;
The radial displacement of Fig. 5 large-scale steel ingot stress simulation is figure as a result;
Temperature field when Fig. 6 600t steel ingot solidifies fully;
600t steel ingot " A " the segregation figure that predicts the outcome under Fig. 7 nature cooling condition;
600t steel ingot " A " the segregation figure that predicts the outcome under Fig. 8 steel ingot side wall aeration condition;
Temperature field simulation figure as a result in Fig. 9 500t ingot solidification process;
500t steel ingot " A " the segregation figure that predicts the outcome under Figure 10 nature cooling condition;
500t steel ingot " A " the segregation figure that predicts the outcome under Figure 11 sidewall aeration condition.
The specific embodiment
The method that the present invention suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation is as follows:
1, the present invention adopts high-quality insulated feeder to make steel ingot top molten steel keep high temperature, helps keeping the steel ingot head temperature, makes riser metal liquid carry out feeding to the steel ingot body, avoids the loose generation of shrinkage cavity.The insulated feeder height obtains after being calculated by computer simulation software.
Fig. 1 is large ingot mould assembling schematic diagram, ingot mould 1 is arranged on the chassis 10, ingot mould 1 top is provided with insulated feeder 3, insulated feeder 3 arranged outside insulation heat-insulating shield 4, insulation heat-insulating shield 4 arranged outside riser busses 5, cavity in the ingot mould 1 forms steel ingot 2, insulated feeder 3 tops are placed with exothermic mixture 6 and thermal-insulating covering agent 7, precasting breather line 9 in chassis 10, lay air brick 8 around in ingot mould 1 bottom, lay air brick 8 around at ingot mould 1 top, breather line 9 communicates with the air brick 8 of ingot mould 1 bottom.
Fig. 2 is large-scale steel ingot temperature field simulation figure as a result, and as we can see from the figure, thermoisopleth becomes U-shaped, can form the consecutive solidification from the steel ingot bottom to rising head, helps loose the alleviating of shrinkage cavity.
2, large-scale steel ingot is because the duration of pouring is long, and thermal capacitance is very big, and computer simulation all is instantaneous being full of of hypothesis usually.Because one of key parameter that the present invention relates to is exactly the logical compressed-air actuated time, and the outer field solidified layer thickness of steel ingot changes the best duration of ventilation of decision.Fraction solid analog result figure after pouring as Fig. 3 large-scale steel ingot, as can be seen, after large-scale steel ingot poured, steel ingot bottom solidification thickness had reached 100mm.Suppose instantaneously to be full of that to carry out temperature field result calculated setting time long partially, higher safety coefficient is arranged thus the logical compressed-air actuated opportunity of Que Dinging.
3, next adopt the instantaneous hypothesis that is full of of die cavity to carry out temperature field simulation, to determine best duration of ventilation.As Fig. 4 characteristic point sample position schematic diagram, the time when getting the several characteristic point reaching certain thickness to determine the ingot solidification layer on the steel ingot longitudinal section, the result is as shown in table 1.When ventilation, because cooling velocity can obviously increase, the stress of generation can significantly strengthen, thereby needs the enough solidified layer thickness of steel ingot generation can begin ventilation.
The setting time of table 1 solidified layer thickness correspondence (hour)
| From chassis height (mm) | 520 | 1000 | 1550 | 4551 |
| Solidified layer thickness is the setting time of 150mm | 1.8 | 2.2 | 2.3 | 2.5 |
| Solidified layer thickness is the setting time of 250mm | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.5 | 4 |
By analog computation as can be seen, after 3 hours, solidified layer thickness can both reach 150mm on whole steel ingot height, consider the instantaneous hypothesis that is full of when solidification simulation, because reach more than 1 hour the duration of pouring, reached 100mm by the solidified layer thickness that calculates simulation steel ingot bottom, and steel ingot top solidification layer is thinner, so can begin ventilation in 3～4 hours filling the type back that finishes.
4, the present invention is based on steel ingot solidification shrinkage takes place when solidifying, and produces this physical phenomenon of air gap between steel ingot and ingot mould, the time that air gap produces, much can drawing by adopting simulation softward carry out stress simulation is finally arranged, as shown in Figure 5.After solidifying 3 hours, steel ingot top width of air gap has reached 22mm, and the bottom width of air gap also reaches 8mm, so 3～4 hours logical compressed air is feasible behind the casting complete.
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples in detail the present invention is described in detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the ingot mould material is grey cast-iron HT150, and the ingot mould preheat temperature is 100 ℃, and rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head tapering is 11.5%, and the steel ingot ratio of height to diameter is 1.15: 1; 600 tons of casting of molten metal weight, the duration of pouring 80min, vacuum pouring, pouring temperature is 1590 ℃, by weight percentage, and 508-3 low-alloy steel chemical composition: C:0.18%, Si:0.20%, Mn:1.45%, Mo:0.5%, Ni:0.75%, Cr:0.15, P≤0.005%, S≤0.002%, Fe surplus.After cast finishes, fill exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent in the rising head top; Ingot steel casting finishes to begin in back 3 hours logical compressed air, notes the setting time of steel ingot.
Adopt following technology: (1) adopts the cast of teeming formula, vacuumizes before the cast, reduces secondary oxidation.(2) use insulated feeder and exothermic mixture and thermal-insulating covering agent simultaneously, reduce steel ingot shrinkage cavity, rarefaction defect as far as possible.(3) ingot steel casting finishes to begin in back 3 hours logical compressed air, and throughput is little during beginning, and enlargement discharge gradually then can reduce the temperature of ingot mould when taking away the surface of steel ingot heat, significantly improve ingot solidification speed.
In the present embodiment, compressed-air actuated flow changes in 6～10kg/s scope, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 8 atmospheric pressure.
The present invention adopts computer simulation software to carry out the simulation of temperature field and casting defect, the temperature field when the steel ingot rising head solidifies fully as shown in Figure 6.The steel ingot rising head solidifies fully by original cooling naturally and was reduced to 46 hours in 85 hours, and productivity ratio improves 45.9%.The criterion of employing large-scale steel ingot " A " type segregation is evaluated the trend size of ingotism, and criterion value is more little to be easy to generate the segregation of " A " type more.As the figure that predicts the outcome of 600t steel ingot " A " type segregation under Fig. 7 nature cooling condition, compare with the figure that predicts the outcome of 600t steel ingot " A " type segregation under Fig. 8 steel ingot side wall aeration condition, identical criterion value condition lower wall cooling has obviously alleviated the trend that the segregation of " A " type produces.
Difference from Example 1 is: the ingot mould material is grey cast-iron HT250, and the ingot mould preheat temperature is 150 ℃, and rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head tapering is 10%, and the steel ingot ratio of height to diameter is 1: 1; 500 tons of casting of molten metal weight, the duration of pouring 60min.
In the present embodiment, compressed-air actuated flow changes in 5～8kg/s scope, and compressed-air actuated pressure is 6 atmospheric pressure.
The present invention adopts computer simulation software to carry out the simulation of temperature field and casting defect, as shown in Figure 9 temperature field simulation figure as a result in the process of setting.The steel ingot rising head solidifies fully by original cooling naturally and was reduced to 42 hours in 80 hours, and productivity ratio improves 47.5%.Evaluate the trend size of ingotism with the criterion of large-scale steel ingot " A " type segregation, criterion value is more little to be easy to generate the segregation of " A " type more.As the figure that predicts the outcome of 500t steel ingot " A " type segregation under Figure 10 nature cooling condition, compare with the figure that predicts the outcome of 500t steel ingot " A " type segregation under Figure 11 sidewall aeration condition, identical criterion value condition lower wall cooling has obviously alleviated the trend that the segregation of " A " type produces.
The course of work of the present invention and result:
Because the present invention begins from the logical compressed-air actuated method of steel ingot side wall after adopting the casting complete certain hour, not only can in time the heat of steel ingot outer surface be taken away, temperature with the ingot mould inboard reduces simultaneously, also increased the radiant heat transfer of steel ingot to ingot mould, accelerated the cooling velocity of steel ingot greatly, can significantly improve the production efficiency of large-scale steel ingot, significantly improve the segregation problem of large-scale steel ingot.
The result of embodiment shows, the present invention is a foundation with the large-scale steel ingot Computer simulation results, designed large-scale steel ingot sidewall ventilation cooling means can significantly improve the setting rate of large-scale steel ingot, shorten demould time, significantly improve the production efficiency of steel ingot, and, especially " A " type segregation that has a strong impact on follow-up forging quality is had good inhibitory effect to suppressing macrotype ingot aliquation, be applicable to the manufacturing of the large-scale steel ingot of various materials such as carbon steel or steel alloy.
Claims (5)
1. a method that suppresses macrotype ingot aliquation is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) the ingot mould material is a grey cast-iron;
2) rising head adopts insulated feeder, and the rising head tapering is 8～16%;
3) ratio of height to diameter of steel ingot is 1: 1～2: 1, and described ratio of height to diameter is the ratio of steel ingot height and average diameter;
4) the steel ingot material is carbon steel or steel alloy;
5) precasting breather line in the ingot mould chassis is laid air brick around the ingot mould bottom;
6) ingot steel casting finishes the back and began logical compressed air in 3～4 hours, stops ventilation after the ingot body solidifies fully.
2. according to the method for the described inhibition macrotype ingot aliquation of claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ingot mould material is grey cast-iron: HT150, HT200 or HT250.
3. according to the method for the described inhibition macrotype ingot aliquation of claim 1, it is characterized in that: insulated feeder is up-small and down-big, and material adopts high-alumina brick, corundum, mullite, magnesia brick, magnalium goods or alumina silicate, and there is one deck asbestos insulation board the material outside.
4. according to the method for the described inhibition macrotype ingot aliquation of claim 1, it is characterized in that, in the chemical composition of carbon steel or alloy steel ingot, by weight percentage, C:0.01～0.75%, P≤0.02%, S≤0.02%.
5. according to the method for the described inhibition macrotype ingot aliquation of claim 1, it is characterized in that: in the chassis, arrange pipeline, pipe diameter is determined according to the steel ingot tonnage is different, inside diameter ranges 30～200mm, at the ingot mould bottom periphery air brick that evenly distributes, the steel ingot side wall solidified layer thickness reaches 150～250mm, when air gap reaches 5～30mm width, begin logical compressed air, to accelerate the steel ingot cooling.
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| CN101982256B (en) * | 2010-09-30 | 2013-06-12 | 西峡龙成特种材料有限公司 | Clean metal ingot mould |
| CN102166632B (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2012-12-05 | 中国第一重型机械股份公司 | Casting method of large-scale steel ingot |
| CN103350219B (en) * | 2013-07-03 | 2015-07-01 | 上海交通大学 | Casting method for reducing macroscopic segregation of cast ingot |
| CN104150924B (en) * | 2014-07-31 | 2016-06-08 | 汉川市石金科技有限公司 | A kind of model casting legacy shell returns insulating and heating riser set and preparation method thereof |
| CN104439124A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-03-25 | 清华大学 | Method for restraining macrosegregation of large steel ingot |
| CN110131563A (en) * | 2018-02-08 | 2019-08-16 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | One kind being suitable for the soft core forging of superhigh temperature and makes with Ingot Type design method |
| CN108637194A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-10-12 | 本钢板材股份有限公司 | Reduce the loose process of vacuum drying oven steel ingot core |
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Application publication date: 20081008 Assignee: Jiangsu Sunan Heavy Industry Machinery Technology Co., Ltd. Assignor: Institute of metal research, Chinese Academy of Sciences Contract record no.: 2014210000003 Denomination of invention: Method for inhibiting segregation in large-sized steel ingot Granted publication date: 20101103 License type: Exclusive License Record date: 20140120 |