CN212371158U - A casting device for wrought magnesium alloy ingot billet - Google Patents
A casting device for wrought magnesium alloy ingot billet Download PDFInfo
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- CN212371158U CN212371158U CN202021837356.8U CN202021837356U CN212371158U CN 212371158 U CN212371158 U CN 212371158U CN 202021837356 U CN202021837356 U CN 202021837356U CN 212371158 U CN212371158 U CN 212371158U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a casting device of a wrought magnesium alloy ingot blank, belonging to the technical field of casting methods of nonferrous metal ingot blanks. The device adopts a single-layer or multi-layer stacked pouring system and an ingot mould arrangement design, a riser is arranged above the ingot mould, or a pouring channel with a thick cross section is arranged below the ingot mould, and the solidification shrinkage of an ingot blank can be fed through the riser above, or fed through liquid pressure in the pouring channel with a solidification speed smaller than that of the ingot blank. One or more large-size ingot blanks can be prepared by one-time low-pressure antigravity pouring, and magnesium alloy ingot blanks with tens/hundreds of small sizes can also be prepared. The utility model discloses the inside metallurgical quality of foundry goods has been guaranteed to the device, has improved the production efficiency and the production security of ingot blank for the magnesium alloy warp, has increased economic benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a non ferrous metal ingot casting base casting method technical field, concretely relates to casting device of magnesium alloy ingot casting base warp.
Background
Magnesium and magnesium alloy have the advantages of high specific strength, good heat and electric conductivity, damping and vibration reduction, electromagnetic shielding, easy machining, easy recovery and the like, are covered by the reputation of 'green structural materials in the twenty-first century', and become important materials in the industrial fields of traffic, electronic communication, aerospace, national defense, military industry and the like.
At present, magnesium alloy products are mainly castings, and particularly, die-casting products account for the most part. However, the mechanical properties of the cast are not ideal and casting defects are easily generated, so that the application range of the magnesium alloy is greatly limited. The plate, rod, pipe, section bar and forging products with various sizes can be produced through deformation, and the strength and the plasticity which are higher than those of the cast magnesium alloy can be obtained through the control of the material structure and the proper heat treatment process. The casting metallurgical quality of the wrought magnesium alloy casting ingot blank can obviously influence the deformation capacity of the subsequent plastic processing of the wrought magnesium alloy and the quality of material products. In a magnesium alloy ingot, defects such as cracks, inclusions, cold shut, air holes and the like are main reasons for ingot scrap.
At present, a magnesium alloy casting ingot blank for forging, extrusion, rolling and other plastic processing processes is generally prepared by adopting a semi-continuous casting or gravity casting method; compared with gravity casting, although the magnesium alloy semi-continuous casting process has high nominal production efficiency, the semi-continuous casting process is adopted to prepare the large-size (the section diameter is more than or equal to 200mm or other section shapes with equivalent section areas) magnesium alloy ingot blanks, cracks are easy to appear in the casting process due to large solidification shrinkage stress, and therefore the actual production success rate of producing the large-size magnesium alloy casting ingot blanks which can really generate economic benefits is not as high as that of the aluminum alloy semi-continuous casting. Compared with the price of an aluminum alloy casting ingot blank or a deformation material product thereof, the market price of the magnesium alloy ingot blank or the deformation material product thereof must be increased, otherwise, the economic benefit of a production enterprise is difficult to obtain.
In semi-continuous casting, a polycrystalline system simultaneously pours a plurality of magnesium alloy ingot castings to greatly improve the production efficiency and the material utilization rate, but has high requirements on equipment and strict and difficult process control. For example, when the method is used for producing an aluminum alloy ingot blank, the cold shut is formed on the surface of an ingot casting due to too low liquid level of metal, aluminum leakage is generated in serious cases, and the surface of the ingot casting is easy to draw marks and crack due to too high liquid level. The semi-continuous casting process is adopted, and no matter the semi-continuous casting process is used for producing an aluminum alloy ingot blank or a magnesium alloy ingot blank, the ingot blank is required to be cooled by water spraying. If the magnesium liquid leaks from the crystallizer or the ingot blank which is not solidified and meets water, explosion can occur, and great potential safety hazard exists; moreover, when a semi-continuous casting process is adopted to prepare small-size (the diameter of the cross section is less than or equal to 200mm or other cross section shapes with equivalent cross sections), because the heat capacity of the magnesium alloy is much smaller than that of aluminum, the solidification speed is higher, and the uniformity and consistency of the temperature of the magnesium liquid in a plurality of crystallizers are difficult to control, no example of stable industrial production of a plurality of small-size magnesium alloy ingots poured by a plurality of crystallizers simultaneously exists at present.
The process of preparing the casting ingot blanks with different magnesium alloy grades by adopting a semi-continuous casting or gravity casting process has certain defects. For example, the Mg-Gd-Y series novel high-strength heat-resistant magnesium alloy has the defects that the series of magnesium alloys easily form inclusion defects under the gravity casting condition and are difficult to remove by methods such as purification, the semi-continuous casting Mg-Gd-Y series magnesium alloy has large solidification shrinkage, and the plasticity of the alloy is not high, so that the internal stress of an ingot blank is large, cracks are easy to generate, and the qualification rate of casting the ingot blank with large size is low. For magnesium alloys such as AZ80 and AZ61, carbon modification treatment for grain refinement is required, but carbon modification is deteriorated, and semi-continuous casting requires several hours, resulting in a problem of coarse grain size of the ingot. For the alloy and the Mg-Zn-Gd or commercial AZ31 magnesium alloy with high plasticity, when producing small-specification extruded section or other small-size deformed section, a small-specification ingot casting blank is needed, industrially, a large-specification ingot casting blank is usually cast firstly, after the diameter of the large ingot is reduced by one-time extrusion, the small-specification blank obtained by extrusion can be subjected to subsequent hot working, the working procedure is longer, and the production cost of the material is increased.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
Aiming at the problems of more casting defects, low production efficiency and the like of the prior wrought magnesium alloy ingot casting blank, the utility model provides a casting device of the wrought magnesium alloy ingot casting blank, and the casting device of the utility model is adopted, so that the mold filling process is stable; the surface of the magnesium melt in the crucible is applied with low pressure by gas, the magnesium alloy melt is poured and filled in the ingot mould along the antigravity direction, a riser above the ingot mould can be adopted to feed the solidification shrinkage of the ingot blank, and the solidification shrinkage of the ingot blank can also be fed by the pressure in a pouring channel which is not solidified yet below the ingot mould. The utility model reduces the defects of impurities, air holes, cracks and the like in the cast magnesium alloy ingot blank, and has high yield; by adopting the multi-layer repeated stacking pouring system and the ingot casting mold, the ingot casting blank, particularly the production efficiency of the small-size ingot casting blank, can be greatly improved, and the economic benefit is improved.
In order to achieve the above object, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme:
the casting device of the deformed magnesium alloy ingot blank comprises a single or a plurality of ingot moulds and a pouring system, wherein the ingot moulds are arranged in a single layer or a plurality of layers, and the ingot mould in each layer is single or a plurality of ingot moulds; the pouring system comprises a sprue, an ingot mold is arranged above the sprue, and the sprue is directly communicated with the ingot mold; or the pouring system comprises one straight pouring gate and one or more cross pouring gates, the straight pouring gate is communicated with each cross pouring gate, and one or more ingot molds are arranged above each cross pouring gate.
When the gating system comprises the straight runners and the transverse runners, each transverse runner is directly communicated with one ingot mold, or one or more ingates are arranged on each transverse runner, and the ingot mold is communicated with the transverse runners through the ingates. An ingot mold is placed above each ingate.
The casting device further comprises a riser, and the riser is arranged above each ingot mould.
The casting device also comprises a riser tube, and the riser tube is connected with the lower end of the sprue.
The method for preparing the wrought magnesium alloy ingot casting blank by using the casting device and the low-pressure antigravity process comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a casting device: designing a pouring system and a feeding head according to the size of the ingot blank and production requirements, and preparing a casting mold;
(2) smelting of magnesium alloy: smelting the magnesium alloy under the protection of protective atmosphere or flux;
(3) adopting a low-pressure antigravity casting process to prepare a deformed magnesium alloy ingot blank: and pressing the magnesium alloy melt into a die along a pouring channel through a liquid lifting pipe along the antigravity direction by a low-pressure casting machine, wherein the pouring temperature is 610-850 ℃, the mold filling speed is 1-280 mm/s, the mold filling time is 1-500 s, the crystallization pressurization pressure is 0-400 KPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-6000 s.
In the low-pressure antigravity casting process, the magnesium alloy melt is fully filled in a pouring gate, an ingot mold and a dead head through a riser tube by low-pressure antigravity casting; and feeding the ingot casting solidification by using a riser or a pouring channel.
In the low-pressure antigravity casting process, the step of solidifying and feeding the ingot casting refers to that under the pressure condition of the low-pressure antigravity casting process, a pouring gate is allowed to solidify before or after an ingot blank, and the pressure feeding is carried out through a riser or the pouring gate above an ingot mould.
The utility model has the advantages of as follows:
1. compared with semi-continuous casting and gravity casting, the low-pressure antigravity casting has the advantages that the mold filling and solidification crystallization processes are controllable, the safety is good, the mold filling is stable, and casting defects such as inclusions, air holes and the like are few; and the low-pressure antigravity casting can ensure the production safety and the metallurgical quality and the production efficiency of the ingot blank. The castings have better metallurgical quality than gravity casting.
2. The utility model discloses a specific stack structure's low pressure antigravity casting design and specific technology production warp magnesium alloy's small dimension ingot casting base both can set up the rising head feeding above the ingot mould, also can adopt low pressure antigravity casting ingot mould below to water and realize the pressure feeding. The production quantity of large-size and small-size ingot blanks is greatly increased by adopting a pouring system with a plurality of single-layer ingot blanks and a plurality of multi-layer repeated stacking while the metallurgical quality, the qualification rate and the safe production of cast ingots are ensured to be improved. For small-size extruded materials or small-size deformed materials produced by other processes, the ingot blank does not need to be subjected to a primary extrusion procedure and then secondary extrusion or other plastic processing processes, the production efficiency of small-size magnesium alloy material products is greatly improved, and the method is an efficient casting production process of the deformed magnesium alloy ingot blank and is particularly suitable for batch production of small-size magnesium alloy ingot blanks. And is suitable for the production of the deformed magnesium alloy ingot blank with super large size and heavy weight required by high casting metallurgical quality.
The utility model has the advantages and beneficial effects as follows:
1. when the casting device of the utility model is used for preparing the deformed magnesium alloy ingot blank, the melt is stably filled, the sealing performance of the device is good, and water cooling is not needed; the filling crystallization process does not need personnel to operate on site, and the controllability and the safety of the production process are high;
2. the utility model discloses the metallurgical quality of the ingot casting blank of making is high, and the defects such as crackle, inclusion, cold shut, gas pocket are few, and the product percent of pass is high, and the metallurgical quality uniformity of the ingot blank of same heat pouring or different heat pouring production is good moreover, stable in quality.
3. The device of the utility model has good metallurgical quality compared with the ingot blank produced by gravity casting; compared with semi-continuous casting, the production safety and the controllability are improved on the premise of not reducing the production efficiency;
4. the utility model realizes riser feeding above the ingot blank mould or pressure feeding of the pouring channel antigravity by controlling the pouring channel to solidify before or after the ingot blank, wherein the former can reduce the design difficulty of the pouring system and reduce the magnesium liquid wasted by the pouring channel; the pouring system and the ingot mould which adopt single-layer or multi-layer repeated stacking are particularly suitable for the batch production of small-specification ingot blanks. Because the stress generated by the solidification of the ingot in the ingot mould is small, the cracking of the ingot blank is less, and the method is also suitable for producing large-size magnesium alloy ingot blanks, and has high qualified rate of ingot blank production and high production efficiency.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of the casting device (multilayer stacking structure, multiple ingot molds per layer) for deforming magnesium alloy ingot blanks.
Fig. 2 is a schematic view of the casting device (multilayer stacking structure, 1 ingot mold per layer) for deforming magnesium alloy ingot blanks.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view of the casting device (single layer structure, 1 ingot mold) for deforming magnesium alloy ingot blanks.
Fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of 4 WE43 magnesium alloy ingots produced by the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the solid solution metallographic phase and the scanning structure of 4 WE43 magnesium alloy ingots prepared by the present invention; wherein: (a) a golden photo picture; (b) the tissue is scanned.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a single GW73 magnesium alloy ingot blank prepared by the present invention.
Fig. 7 shows the fracture structure of a tensile sample of a single GW73 magnesium alloy ingot blank prepared by the present invention.
In the figure: 1-straight pouring channel; 2-horizontal pouring channel; 3-inner sprue; 4-ingot mold; 5-riser; 6-a liquid lifting pipe.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
The utility model provides a casting device of preparation deformation magnesium alloy ingot casting base, magnesium alloy fuse-element are under protective atmosphere or the flux protection that covers on fuse-element surface, through this casting device pouring preparation ingot casting base of low pressure. The casting apparatus used is of a structure as shown in fig. 1-3, which is a single-layer or multi-layer stacked structure consisting of an ingot mould 4 and a pouring system; the ingot moulds are multiple and are arranged in a single layer or multiple layers, and the ingot moulds 4 in each layer are single or multiple; the gating system comprises a sprue 1 and a runner 2, wherein: the number of the straight pouring channels 1 is one, the number of the cross pouring channels 2 is one or more, and the straight pouring channels are communicated with all the cross pouring channels; the ingot mould is linked together through ingate and horizontal runner, and the top of every horizontal runner is equipped with one or more ingot moulds, specifically is: each cross pouring channel is directly communicated with the ingot mould, and a riser 5 (shown in figure 2) is arranged above the ingot mould; or one or more ingates 3 are provided on each runner, an ingot mould is placed above each ingate 3, and a riser is provided above each ingot mould (figure 1).
The ingot mould can also be directly communicated with a sprue, i.e. no ingate is designed (figure 3), in this case a sprue with a sufficient cross-sectional area should be arranged in the casting mould below the ingot mould, and the solidification shrinkage of the ingot blank can be compensated through a riser above the ingot mould, or the pressure from the surface of the magnesium melt of the crucible can be transmitted through the magnesium liquid in the sprue which is solidified later than the ingot blank, so that the compensation of the solidification shrinkage of the ingot blank in the antigravity direction is realized.
The casting device also comprises a riser pipe 6 which is connected with the lower end of the sprue.
The utility model discloses a preparation method of wrought magnesium alloy ingot casting blank, including the following step:
(1) preparing an ingot mold and a pouring system with a single-layer or multi-layer repeated stacking structure: designing a pouring system and a feeding head according to the size and production requirements of the ingot blank, preparing a casting mold, and checking and repairing;
(2) smelting of magnesium alloy: smelting the magnesium alloy under the protection of protective atmosphere or flux;
(3) low-pressure antigravity pouring: and pressing the magnesium alloy melt into a die along the antigravity direction and a pouring channel through a low-pressure casting machine, wherein the pouring temperature is 610-850 ℃, the mold filling speed is 1-280 mm/s, the mold filling time is 1-500 s, the crystallization pressurization pressure is 0-400 KPa, and the pressure maintaining time is 1-6000 s.
Example 1
(1) The magnesium alloy adopted in the embodiment is WE43 magnesium alloy, a pouring system and a feeding head are designed according to the size and production requirements of the ingot blank, a casting mold is prepared, and the casting mold is inspected and repaired;
(2) smelting magnesium alloy, and protecting with a fusing agent; cleaning oxide layers on the surfaces of the crucible, the tool and the raw material; preheating to 500 ℃, spraying RJ-6 covering agent at the bottom of the crucible, and then adding high-purity Mg (more than 99.95%); meanwhile, a covering agent is also spread on the surface of the magnesium ingot to prevent the magnesium ingot from being oxidized, then the temperature is raised to 680 ℃, when the pure magnesium is completely melted and the temperature is raised to 780 ℃, preheated pure Y (> 99.95%), pure Gd (> 99.95%), pure Nd (> 99.95%) and Mg-30Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy are sequentially added, and the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes after being completely melted; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 760 ℃, refining for 5-10 minutes, and then removing slag on the surface of the melt, the wall of the crucible, the mouth of the crucible and the like; heating to 810 ℃, preserving heat and standing for 30-40 minutes; cooling the melt;
(3) the low-pressure antigravity pouring temperature is 710 ℃, the liquid rising speed is 60mm/s, the liquid rising pressure is 13KPa, the mold filling speed is 40mm/s, the mold filling pressure is 26KPa, the crusting time is 1s, the crusting pressurization pressure is 3KPa, the crusting pressurization speed is 3KPa/s, the crystallization time is 120s, the crystallization pressurization pressure is 20KPa, the crystallization pressurization speed is 8KPa/s, and the pressure is removed. According to different sizes of the cast ingots, the castings are cooled in the casting molds for different time periods, and the prepared wrought magnesium alloy ingot blanks are shown in figure 4.
(4) The actual chemical components of the prepared wrought magnesium alloy ingot blank are Mg-4.31Y-2.34Nd-1.19Gd-0.5Zr, the microstructure of the wrought magnesium alloy ingot blank is free of looseness and inclusion defects, the solid solution phase and the scanning structure are shown in figure 5, the average tensile strength at room temperature in the aging state is 282MPa, the yield strength is 192MPa, the elongation is 3.6 percent and is obviously higher than the corresponding value in the national standard GB/T19078-.
Example 2
(1) The magnesium alloy adopted in the embodiment is Mg-6.75Gd-2.81Y-0.45Zr (GW73) alloy, a pouring system and a feeding head are designed according to the size phi 270 x 800mm of a cylindrical cast ingot, the pressure parameter of low-pressure antigravity pouring is designed, a casting mold is prepared, and the casting mold is checked and repaired;
(2) the GW73 alloy batching, based on the alloy nominal composition and the burning loss coefficient, requires 138.2kg of high-purity Mg (99.95%), 12.36kg of pure Gd (99.95%), 6.19kg of pure Y (99.95%) and 8.25kg of Mg-30Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy. Smelting magnesium alloy, and protecting with Ar inert gas and magnesium alloy special flux; cleaning oxide layers on the surfaces of the crucible, the tool and the raw material; preheating to 660 ℃, and adding high-purity Mg; when the pure magnesium is completely melted and heated to 780 ℃, adding preheated pure Y, pure Gd and Mg-30Zr (wt.%) intermediate alloy in sequence, and stirring for 5 minutes after the pure magnesium is completely melted; when the temperature of the melt is reduced to 760 ℃, refining for 5-10 minutes, and then removing slag on the surface of the melt, a crucible arm, a crucible nozzle and the like; heating to 810 ℃, preserving heat and standing for 30-40 minutes; cooling the melt;
(3) the low-pressure antigravity pouring temperature is 760 ℃, the liquid-lifting speed is 50mm/s, the mold-filling speed is 25mm/s, the liquid-lifting pressure is 20KPa, the mold-filling force is 41KPa, the crystallization pressurization pressure is 0, the crystallization time is 120s, the pressure is removed, after the casting is cooled in a sand mold, the casting blank is opened and taken out, the prepared magnesium alloy casting blank is shown in figure 6, the fracture of the tensile sample has no inclusion and loose defects, as shown in figure 7, the room-temperature average tensile strength is 341MPa, the yield strength is 218MPa, the elongation is 4.2%, the performance of the casting blank is superior to that of GW103 alloy with higher rare earth content in magnesium alloy ingots cast by GB/T19078-type 2016, wherein the room-temperature tensile strength of the GW103 alloy is 300MPa, the yield strength is 200MPa, and the elongation is 2.0%.
Claims (6)
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111957924A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Casting device and low-pressure antigravity casting method for wrought magnesium alloy ingot blank |
| CN113369460A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-10 | 徐州鹏盛铸造有限公司 | Die casting preparation method |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111957924A (en) * | 2020-08-28 | 2020-11-20 | 中国科学院金属研究所 | Casting device and low-pressure antigravity casting method for wrought magnesium alloy ingot blank |
| CN113369460A (en) * | 2021-04-29 | 2021-09-10 | 徐州鹏盛铸造有限公司 | Die casting preparation method |
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