CN101270570B - Mud silt blocking method for dilute debris flow and high-sandiness floods and uses thereof - Google Patents
Mud silt blocking method for dilute debris flow and high-sandiness floods and uses thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN101270570B CN101270570B CN2008100445565A CN200810044556A CN101270570B CN 101270570 B CN101270570 B CN 101270570B CN 2008100445565 A CN2008100445565 A CN 2008100445565A CN 200810044556 A CN200810044556 A CN 200810044556A CN 101270570 B CN101270570 B CN 101270570B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a sediment desilting method of turbulent debris flow and flood with hyperconcentration and application thereof. The sediment desilting method includes arranging a plurality of wire box bed reinforcing dams in a main gully bed to stabilize the main gully bed mass for fixing the main gully bed in sections; the upstream of the main gully bed is provided with a gravity drainage check dam used for drainage; the side part of the main gully bed at the downstream of the gravity drainage check dam is provided with a wire box sand depositing pool; the gravity drainage check dam and the wire box sand depositing pool are connected through a drain; the wire box sand depositing pool and the main gully bed are connected through a flood discharge pipe to drain the clean water through the sand deposition treatment of the wire box sand depositing pool to the main gully bed. Compared with the prior art, the invention can effectively desilt the thin particle matters of the turbulent debris flow and the sediment of the flood with hyperconcentration and avoids the sediment from silting the reservoirs in the downstream, the lakes in beauty spots as well as silting the farmlands and cities. The sediment deposited in the wire box sand depositing pool can be utilized for the area lack of construction sand.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of mud-rock flow Prevention Technique, particularly relate to a kind of based on the diluted debris flow of bed-desilting and the silt of high sand-containing flood block silt method and application thereof admittedly.
Background technology
China is the country of a geological disaster pilosity, and the disaster type is many, distribution is wide, harm is big, and particularly mud-stone flow disaster extensively distributes, and is restricting national vast mountain area development and national economy, the safety that is threatening people's life and property.
Mud-rock flow removes and causes a tremendous loss of lives, and beyond the road that destroys by rush of water, cities and towns, industrial and mineral, farmland and the hydroelectric project, also carries a large amount of silts, cause river channel sedimentation and mountain area flood to take place frequently, hinder the river course shipping, the alluvial reservoir influences the performance of hydroelectric project application life and function.According to statistics, the Upper Yangtze River all kinds of hydraulic engineerings in area are every year on average by silt alluvial 3 * 10
8m
3Storage capacity, be equivalent to scrap every year a large reservoir.In recent years, the silt that mud-rock flow is carried in the scenic spot, world natural heritage Jiu Zhaigou makes beautiful lake filled out by serious pollution and silt, has not only damaged the sight of landscape, and has caused the effective storage in lake to reduce, and ecological environment has been caused certain harm.Therefore, at the sediment transport of mud-rock flow and high sand-containing flood, develop effective control technology, the beautiful water body for lake group in the effective storage of guaranteeing great hydroelectric project reservoir area, the scenic spot has important social, environment and economic implications.
In recent years, along with the in-depth of development of the West Regions, a large amount of hydroelectric projects goes into operation, the exploitation of scenic spot is quickened with protection, and the transportation problem of mud-rock flow and high sand-containing flood becomes increasingly conspicuous.Since China in 1958 carried out mud-rock flow control theoretical research and technological development, mud-rock flow was prevented and treated the aspect and has been obtained considerable progress both at home and abroad.At present domestic developed at mud-rock flow starting, motion, alluvial steady-block-arrange and prevent and treat series technique, as check dam, drainage groove, the carefully portion's technology such as field, biological check dam of stopping becoming silted up, the mud-rock flow that is used for cities and towns, farmland, highway, railway and small watershed is administered, and has brought into play important effect.But the present main thought of mud-rock flow Prevention Technique is block large particulate matter, drainage thin particulate matter and water body, can't satisfy the demand of Sediment Control.Therefore, be badly in need of the sediment transport at mud-rock flow and high sand-containing flood, exploitation is the engineering of control silt effectively.
Summary of the invention
Purpose of the present invention is exactly at the deficiencies in the prior art, provides a kind of silt that carries at diluted debris flow and high sand-containing flood to block the control technology of silt, and this silt block the silt method separately and fit applications.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
The diluted debris flow that the present invention proposes and the silt of high sand-containing flood block the silt method, relate to being provided with the solid bed of the some galvanized wire cages dam of stablizing tap drain bed matter in the tap drain bed, and segmentation is the tap drain bed fixedly; Be provided with a gravity drainage check dam that is used for drainage in tap drain bed upstream, the tap drain bed sidepiece in gravity drainage check dam downstream is provided with galvanized wire cage sand trap, links to each other by the gutter between gravity drainage check dam and the galvanized wire cage sand trap; Link to each other by the big vast gutter that overflows between galvanized wire cage sand trap and the tap drain bed, will arrange to the tap drain bed through the clear water after the processing of galvanized wire cage sand trap desilting.Described silt blocks the silt method and utilizes the solid bed of galvanized wire cage dam stablize tap drain bed matter and the coarse particulate matter of moving is failed in the upstream, utilize drainage of gravity drainage check dam and preliminary desilting, the flow velocity that utilizes galvanized wire cage sand trap to reduce mud-rock flow and current reaches the deposition thin particulate matter, thereby effectively blocks the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.
The disposable flood volume that the volume size of described galvanized wire cage sand trap and number are calculated by River Basin Hydrology decides.When silt is expired in the alluvial of galvanized wire cage sand trap, in time carry out desilting and handle, guarantee that enough capacity deposit the silt of mud-rock flow next time; Adopt the part of galvanized wire cage will note safeguarding in the structure, when the galvanized wire fracture occurring, in time weld or reinforcement, preventing that the galvanized wire cage from bursting collapses.Certain storage capacity is reserved in the alluvial of silt in the periodic cleaning gravity drainage check dam storehouse, allow mud-rock flow or flood enter galvanized wire cage sand trap before, carry out preliminary desilting.
The quantity of described galvanized wire cage sand trap generally can be 2-3, and contacts with the gutter along tap drain bed direction.Described galvanized wire cage sand trap is parallel with the tap drain bed.The filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the galvanized wire cage sand trap, adopts the solid end of slabstone at the bottom of the pond.According to the area of drainage area size decision galvanized wire cage sand trap, as drainage area≤1.0km
2The time, the size of galvanized wire cage sand trap is that 4.0-6.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 2.0-3.0m; As drainage area＞1.0km
2The time, the size of galvanized wire cage sand trap is that 6.0-8.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 3.0-4.0m.
The filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the described galvanized wire cage dam, and the galvanized wire cage embeds the degree of depth 〉=0.5m of tap drain bed both sides.According to the spacing between the solid bed of the size decision galvanized wire cage dam of piling up the fan gradient, when piling up fan gradient≤15%, the spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam is 8.0-15.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam is of a size of 2.0m * 0.5m * 0.5m; When piling up fan gradient＞15%, the spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam is 6.0-10.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m.
It is the overfall filtering layer that the microlith of 10-100mm is formed that the overfall position of described gravity drainage check dam is provided with by particle diameter, and the side dam abutment position opening of gravity drainage check dam is provided with the drain hole that connects the gutter.Described overfall filtering layer is divided into 3 layers, and every interlayer is provided with the drainage Polypropylence Sheet.
The microlith that particle diameter 10-50mm is filled out in shop, bottom, described gutter constitutes the microlith filtering layer.
Whether silt of the present invention blocks the silt method when using, need also cooperate other debris flow control works measures to use according to the decision of drainage area size.As drainage area≤1.0km
2The time, directly use described silt to block the silt method at the tap drain bed, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood; As drainage area＞1.0km
2The time, piling up the key type check dam 1-2 seat that fan top or tap drain bed middle reaches are provided with effective height of dam 〉=5m, check dam group control mud-rock flow starting (is the patent of invention technology of ZL 99114724.3 as the patent No.) perhaps is set in tap drain bed upstream, be engaged in the tap drain bed simultaneously and use described silt to block the silt method, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects as follows: can effectively block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood, avoid silt to become silted up and fill out the reservoir in downstream, the lake in the scenic spot, and farmland, cities and towns etc. be buried in silt; For the area of construction sand shortage, the silt of deposition can also utilize in the galvanized wire cage sand trap.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an engineering measure schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation on the solid bed of galvanized wire cage dam.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of gravity drainage check dam.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of galvanized wire cage sand trap.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation in gutter.
Fig. 6 is the amplification right view of overfall filtering layer among Fig. 3.
Number in the figure is as follows:
The solid bed of 1 galvanized wire cage dam 2 gravity drainage check dams
3 galvanized wire cage sand traps, 4 gutters
5 excessive big vast gutter 6 tap drain beds
7 slabstones, 8 drain holes
9 microlith filtering layers, 10 overfall filtering layers
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the preferred embodiments of the present invention are further described.
Embodiment one
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.At drainage area is 1.0km
2, vegetation coverage is 40%, piles up the covering of the fan gradient to be 15%, piling up fan, to go up clay content in the packed particle be 4% mud-rock flow zone, directly use following silt to block the silt method, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood at the tap drain bed.Be provided with the solid bed of the some galvanized wire cages dam 1 of stablizing tap drain bed matter in tap drain bed 6, segmentation is tap drain bed 6 fixedly.Be provided with a gravity drainage check dam 2 that is used for drainage in tap drain bed 6 upstreams, tap drain bed 6 sidepieces in gravity drainage check dam 2 downstreams be provided with 2 parallel with tap drain bed 6 and along the galvanized wire cage sand traps 3 of tap drain bed 6 directions with gutter 4 polyphones; Link to each other by gutter 4 between gravity drainage check dam 2 and the galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 that is in the upstream; Link to each other by the big vast gutter 5 that overflows between the galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 that is in the downstream and the tap drain bed 6, will arrange to tap drain bed 6 through the clear water after the processing of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 desiltings.
The filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1, and the degree of depth of galvanized wire cage embedding tap drain bed 6 both sides is 1.0m; Spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is 8.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is of a size of 2.0m * 0.5m * 0.5m.The size of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is that 6.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 3.0m; Galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is the galvanized wire basket structure, at the medium position faulting of slab ends, and top width 0.5m, bottom width 1.0m, the galvanized wire cage is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m, and the filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage; Adopting thick at the bottom of the pond is the 7 solid ends of slabstone of 0.3m.The embedded depth of foundation of gravity drainage check dam 2 is 1.2m, and the basis is a concrete structure, and effectively the dam body height is 2.0m, and dam crest is wide to be 0.5m, and the dam body downstream gradient is 1: 0.05, and the upstream side gradient is 1: 0.5, and dam structure is a concrete; The side dam abutment position opening of gravity drainage check dam 2 is provided with the drain hole 8 that connects gutter 4; The wide 0.4m of overfall of gravity drainage check dam 2, the overfall position is provided with the overfall filtering layer of being made up of the microlith of 3 layers of different-grain diameter 10, is respectively 10-20mm, 20-50mm, 50-100mm downstream by the upstream.Gutter 4 is a concrete structure, and the section size is 1.0m * 0.4m, and the microlith that particle diameter 10-50mm is filled out in the shop, bottom constitutes microlith filtering layer 9.
Embodiment two
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.At drainage area is 2.0km
2, vegetation coverage is 40%, piles up the covering of the fan gradient to be 20%, piling up fan, to go up clay content in the packed particle be 6% mud-rock flow zone, piling up 2 of the key type check dams that the fan top is provided with effective height of dam 7m, be engaged in the tap drain bed simultaneously and use following silt to block the silt method, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.Be provided with the solid bed of the some galvanized wire cages dam 1 of stablizing tap drain bed matter in tap drain bed 6, segmentation is tap drain bed 6 fixedly.Be provided with a gravity drainage check dam 2 that is used for drainage in tap drain bed 6 upstreams, tap drain bed 6 sidepieces in gravity drainage check dam 2 downstreams be provided with 3 parallel with tap drain bed 6 and along the galvanized wire cage sand traps 3 of tap drain bed 6 directions with gutter 4 polyphones; Link to each other by gutter 4 between gravity drainage check dam 2 and the galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 that is in the upstream; Link to each other by the big vast gutter 5 that overflows between the galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 that is in the downstream and the tap drain bed 6, will arrange to tap drain bed 6 through the clear water after the processing of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 desiltings.
The filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1, and the degree of depth of galvanized wire cage embedding tap drain bed 6 both sides is 1.0m; Spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is 6.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m.The size of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is that 8.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 4.0m; Galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is the galvanized wire basket structure, at the medium position faulting of slab ends, and top width 0.5m, bottom width 1.0m, the galvanized wire cage is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m, and the filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage; Adopting thick at the bottom of the pond is the 7 solid ends of slabstone of 0.5m.The embedded depth of foundation of gravity drainage check dam 2 is 1.5m, and the basis is a concrete structure, and effectively the dam body height is 2.5m, and dam crest is wide to be 0.6m, and the dam body downstream gradient is 1: 0.10, and the upstream side gradient is 1: 0.6, and dam structure is a stone masonry; The side dam abutment position opening of gravity drainage check dam 2 is provided with the drain hole 8 that connects gutter 4; The wide 0.4m of overfall of gravity drainage check dam 2, the overfall position is provided with the overfall filtering layer of being made up of the microlith of 3 layers of different-grain diameter 10, is respectively 10-20mm, 20-50mm, 50-100mm downstream by the upstream, and every interlayer is provided with the drainage Polypropylence Sheet.Gutter 4 is a stone masonry structure, and the section size is 1.0m * 0.4m, and the microlith that particle diameter 10-50mm is filled out in the shop, bottom constitutes microlith filtering layer 9.
Embodiment three
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.The place identical with embodiment one be repeated description no longer, and difference is:
Drainage area is 0.8km
2, to pile up the covering of the fan gradient be 10%.The degree of depth that galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 embeds tap drain bed 6 both sides is 0.5m; Spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is 15.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is of a size of 2.0m * 0.5m * 0.5m.The quantity of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is 1, and size is 2.0m for 4.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth.The embedded depth of foundation of gravity drainage check dam 2 is 1.0m, and the basis is a concrete structure, and effectively the dam body height is 1.5m, and dam crest is wide to be 0.4m, and the dam body downstream gradient is 1: 0.05, and the upstream side gradient is 1: 0.4, and dam structure is a concrete.
Embodiment four
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.The place identical with embodiment two be repeated description no longer, and difference is:
Drainage area is 1.5km
2, to pile up the covering of the fan gradient be 16%, and 1 of the key type check dam of effective height of dam 5.0m is set in tap drain bed middle reaches, is engaged in the tap drain bed simultaneously and uses following silt to block the silt method, is used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.The degree of depth that galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 embeds tap drain bed 6 both sides is 1.2m; Spacing between the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is 10.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the solid bed of the galvanized wire cage dam 1 is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m.The quantity of galvanized wire cage sand trap 3 is 2, and size is 3.0m for 6.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth.
Embodiment five
As Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, shown in Figure 6.The place identical with embodiment two be repeated description no longer, and difference is:
In tap drain bed upstream the check dam group is set, is engaged in the tap drain bed simultaneously and uses described silt to block the silt method, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.
Claims (9)
1. the silt of diluted debris flow and high sand-containing flood blocks the silt method, it is characterized in that: be provided with the solid bed of a some galvanized wire cages dam (1) of stablizing tap drain bed matter in tap drain bed (6), segmentation is tap drain bed (6) fixedly; Be provided with a gravity drainage check dam (2) that is used for drainage in tap drain bed (6) upstream, tap drain bed (6) sidepiece in gravity drainage check dam (2) downstream is provided with galvanized wire cage sand trap (3), links to each other by gutter (4) between gravity drainage check dam (2) and the galvanized wire cage sand trap (3); Link to each other by the big vast gutter (5) that overflows between galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) and the tap drain bed (6), will arrange to tap drain bed (6) through the clear water after the processing of galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) desilting.
2. silt according to claim 1 blocks the silt method, it is characterized in that: the quantity of galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) is 2-3, and contacts with gutter (4) along tap drain bed (6) direction.
3. silt according to claim 2 blocks the silt method, it is characterized in that: galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) is parallel with tap drain bed (6).
4. block the silt method according to the arbitrary described silt of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the galvanized wire cage solid bed dam (1), and the galvanized wire cage embeds the degree of depth 〉=0.5m of tap drain bed (6) both sides; When piling up fan gradient≤15%, the spacing between the galvanized wire cage solid bed dam (1) is 8.0-15.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the galvanized wire cage solid bed dam (1) is of a size of 2.0m * 0.5m * 0.5m; When piling up fan gradient＞15%, the spacing between the galvanized wire cage solid bed dam (1) is 6.0-10.0m, and the galvanized wire cage in the galvanized wire cage solid bed dam (1) is of a size of 2.0m * 1.0m * 0.5m.
5. block the silt method according to the arbitrary described silt of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the filling particle diameter is the gravel of 50-200mm in the galvanized wire cage in the galvanized wire cage sand trap (3), adopts the solid end of slabstone (7) at the bottom of the pond; As drainage area≤1.0km
2The time, the size of galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) is that 4.0-6.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 2.0-3.0m; As drainage area＞1.0km
2The time, the size of galvanized wire cage sand trap (3) is that 6.0-8.0m * 10.0m, the degree of depth are 3.0-4.0m.
6. block the silt method according to the arbitrary described silt of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: it is the overfall filtering layer (10) that the microlith of 10-100mm is formed that the overfall position of gravity drainage check dam (2) is provided with by particle diameter, and the side dam abutment position opening of gravity drainage check dam (2) is provided with the drain hole (8) that connects gutter (4).
7. silt according to claim 6 blocks the silt method, it is characterized in that: described overfall filtering layer (10) is divided into 3 layers, and every interlayer is provided with the drainage Polypropylence Sheet.
8. block the silt method according to the arbitrary described silt of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: the microlith that particle diameter 10-50mm is filled out in shop, gutter (4) bottom constitutes microlith filtering layer (9).
9. block the silt method as the arbitrary described silt of claim 1 to 3, it is characterized in that: as drainage area≤1.0km
2The time, directly use described silt to block the silt method at the tap drain bed, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood; As drainage area＞1.0km
2The time, piling up the key type check dam 1-2 seat that fan top or tap drain bed middle reaches are provided with effective height of dam 〉=5m, the starting of check dam group control mud-rock flow perhaps is set in tap drain bed upstream, be engaged in the tap drain bed simultaneously and use described silt to block the silt method, be used to block the thin particulate matter of silt diluted debris flow and the silt of high sand-containing flood.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN108221842A (en) * | 2018-01-31 | 2018-06-29 | 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 | Dam flow velocity, method of calculating flux are crossed in mud-rock flow grid dam |
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| CN101270570A (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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